988 resultados para Praga exótica
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Linepithema micans (Forel, 1908) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) é a principal formiga associada à dispersão da pérola-da-terra Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille, 1922) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) na cultura da videira. Uma alternativa para reduzir a infestação da cochonilha nos vinhedos seria o controle da formiga através do emprego de iscas tóxicas. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito de uma formulação de isca tóxica de hidrogel para o controle de L. micans em laboratório e em vinhedo comercial.
Avaliação do tratamento de sementes industrial com diferentes princípios ativos na cultura do milho.
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2016
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In this work we compare Grapholita molesta Busck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations originated from Brazil, Chile, Spain, Italy and Greece using power spectral density and phylogenetic analysis to detect any similarities between the population macro- and the molecular micro-level. Log-transformed population data were normalized and AR(p) models were developed to generate for each case population time series of equal lengths. The time-frequency/scale properties of the population data were further analyzed using wavelet analysis to detect any population dynamics frequency changes and cluster the populations. Based on the power spectral of each population time series and the hierarchical clustering schemes, populations originated from Southern America (Brazil and Chile) exhibit similar rhythmic properties and are both closer related with populations originated from Greece. Populations from Spain and especially Italy, have higher distance by terms of periodic changes on their population dynamics. Moreover, the members within the same cluster share similar spectral information, therefore they are supposed to participate in the same temporally regulated population process. On the contrary, the phylogenetic approach revealed a less structured pattern that bears indications of panmixia, as the two clusters contain individuals from both Europe and South America. This preliminary outcome will be further assessed by incorporating more individuals and likely employed a second molecular marker.
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Toxicidade de manipueira de mandioca e erva-de-rato a adultos de Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy.
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2012
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Grapholita molesta é uma praga-chave em cultivos de macieira no sul do Brasil. Para controle de suas populações inúmeras intervenções com agrotóxicos são necessárias ao longo da safra. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de formulações comerciais à base de Bacillus spp. no controle de lagartas de primeiro ínstar de G. molesta. O estudo foi realizado em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições: B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Dipel WG®); B. thuringiensis var. aizawai + kurstaki (Agree®); B. subtilis (Serenade®); B. pumilus (Sonata®) e uma testemunha (água). Cada tratamento foi alocado em uma microplaca contendo 24 células preenchidas com 0,67ml de dieta artificial e 12micronL da solução tratamento (em dose comercial) mais uma lagarta por célula. Os tratamentos foram mantidos em condições controladas e avaliada a mortalidade em 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. As formulações de B. thuringiensis mostraram eficiência de controle superior aos demais tratamentos e não diferem entre si. Bacillus subtilis e B. pumilus evidenciaram controle da praga, porém, intermediário quando comparado à B. thuringiensis.
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A vespa-da-madeira, Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) foi introduzida no Brasil em 1988 e tornou-se a principal praga dos plantios de pínus. Encontra-se distribuída em aproximadamente 1.000.000 de ha em diferentes níveis populacionais nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo e Minas Gerais. O controle da população da vespa-da-madeira é feito principalmente pela utilização do nematoide Deladenus siricidicola Bedding (Nematoda: Neothylenchidae). A avaliação da eficiência dos inimigos naturais é dificultada por não haver um sistema de amostragem apropriado. Este estudo testou o sistema de amostragem hierárquica para definir o tamanho da amostra para monitorar a população de S. noctilio e também a eficiência dos inimigos naturais, a qual mostrou-se adequada.
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There are approximately 90,000 ha of grapes in Brazil including wine, juice and table grapes. American varieties (Isabella, Niagara, Ives) comprise the largest part of Brazilian viticulture being destined for wine, juice and table grape. In Southern Brazil, these varieties are produced mainly in non grafted vineyards. Grape phylloxera is common on the roots of these varieties however the insect is not regarded as a serious problem. Leaf galls are common on V. vinifera cultivars, particularly Cabernet sauvignon, and this infestation can be severe in some years causing defoliation. No information about insect damage on leaves in relation to vineyard production and longevity is available. New selections from a breeding program aimed at developing new hybrids for wine production are highly susceptible to damage from leaf galling phylloxera. When leaf galling is severe, growers spray pyretroid and neonicotinoid insecticides however, in many situations, secondary mites can also damage the crop as a consequence of the foliar broad spectrum insecticides application. Studies about the genetic diversity of grape phylloxera strains in Brazil and their association with vine damage and secondary fungal infection must be conducted to clarify the importance of this pest to Brazilian viticulture.
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2012
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2012
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2012
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Relata-se a ocorrência de Hypsipyla ferrealis Hampson no Estado do Acre, infestando sementes de andirobeiras, oriundas do município de Senador Guiomard - AC. No Laboratório de Entomologia da Embrapa Acre, as sementes foram depositadas em bandejas plásticas contendo areia umedecida e acondicionadas no interior de uma gaiola telada. Diariamente, a gaiola foi inspecionada à procura de insetos emergidos, os quais foram identificados como Hypsipyla ferrealis, lepidóptero comumente associado infestando sementes de andirobeira. Este é o primeiro registro desta espécie ocorrendo em sementes de andirobeira no estado do Acre.
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The root knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, is widespread worldwide and a major pathogen of several cultivated crops. The use of resistant genotypes is the most effective and environmentally sound way to manage RKN. In this study, we screened 16 selected sweet potato cultivars including Amanda, Bárbara, Beatriz, Beauregard, Brazlândia Branca, Brazlândia Rosada, Brazlândia Roxa, BRS Amélia, BRS Cuia, BRS Rubissol, Carolina Vitória, Duda, Júlia, Marcela, PA-26/2009, and Princesa obtained from Embrapa and Universidade Federal do Tocantins? germplasm bank. Studies were conducted under greenhouse and field conditions and the agronomic performance of the cultivars was evaluated in a nematode and soilborne insect-infested field. All 16 sweet potato cultivars tested were rated as resistant to this nematode both under greenhouse and field conditions with reproduction factors < 1. In the field infested with M. incognita, sweet potato cultivars Duda, BRS Amélia, Beauregard, Brazlândia Rosada, and Brazlândia Roxa stood out as superior cultivars, with average yield ranging from 26 to 47 tons per ha. Overall, most cultivars exhibited a fusiform to near fusiform root shape, a good characteristic for the market, and were moderately affected by insects (attack incidence 1 to 30%). As global demand for energy continues to rise, selecting new cultivars of sweet potatoes with increased resistance to nematode diseases and with high yield will be important for food security and biofuel production.
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The aim of this study was to conduct a survey on nematodes associated with five cultivated fruit trees growing in the Agroforestry System (AFS) of the municipality of Oiapoque, Amapá, Brazil. Rhizosphere samples were collected from three points at the base of murici (Byrsonima sp.), soursop (Annona muricata), cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), passion fruit (Passiflora sp.) and peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) trees. Four species of phytonematodes were identified, namely Pratylenchus brachyurus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Mesocriconema xenoplax and Rotylenchulus reniformis. The most prevalent and abundant species was R. reniformis, which was found in the rhizospheres of passion fruit, cupuaçu, soursop, and peach palm. The first record in Brazil of the nematode P. brachyurus, found in the roots of murici is reported here, and all of the nematode species identified here are the first records for fruit trees in the state of Amapá.