999 resultados para Pimentão - Cultivo
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O presente trabalho objetivou estudar os efeitos de uma nova técnica de aplicação de fungicida, através da água de irrigação (gotejamento), na cultura do tomate híbrido “Débora Plus”, no controle da doença causada pelo fungo Septoria lycopersici Sepg. Além de estudar a comparação dos tipos de aplicação, foi estudado também 6 (seis) doses do fungicida benomyl na fungigação. As doses utilizadas foram: 75% (59,5 mg/vaso), 50% (119,0 mg/vaso), 25% a menos da dose recomendada (178,5 mg/vaso), 100% da dose recomendada (238,0 mg/vaso), 25% (297,5 mg/vaso) e 50% superior à dose recomendada (357,0 mg/vaso). As doses utilizadas nas aplicações via pulverização foram de 100% da dose recomendada pelo fabricante (238,0 mg/vaso). Para efeito de comparação entre os tratamentos avaliaram-se o número e pesos das matérias fresca e seca dos frutos colhidos e a altura das plantas. Na instalação do experimento adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com oito tratamentos e cinco repetições. De acordo com os resultados obtidos verificou-se que a aplicação convencional do benomyl, para controle da septoriose do tomateiro, foi superior à fungigação. Não houve diferença significativa entre as diferentes dosagens do produto na fungigação, mas houve o controle da doença. O parâmetro altura das plantas foi semelhante para todos os tratamentos, evidenciando que tanto a fungigação como a pulverização convencional não interferiu no crescimento das mesmas. O cultivo das plantas em casa de vegetação, utilizando vasos, proporcionou excelente resultado no controle de pragas e doenças, pois os tomateiros não apresentaram pragas tampouco outras doenças, além da Septoria lycopersici, que foi inoculada. Mesmo nas plantas testemunhas não houve disseminação da septoriose e, a irrigação com garrafas individuais também indicou bons resultados, pois deste modo sabe-se a quantidade de exata de fertilizantes, defensivos e água aplicada na planta.
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Foi estudada a variabilidade espacial da umidade do solo num sistema de irrigação por gotejamento em uma estufa (5,0 x 20,0m) na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foi estabelecida a malha de amostragem no espaçamento de 1,0 x 0,5m, acrescida de quatro adensamentos de 0,25m. Foram utilizados dados da umidade do solo em 178 pontos. A análise da dependência espacial foi obtida com o auxílio do Programa GS+. Foi construído o variograma experimental e definido o modelo de ajuste, de modo que a curva que melhor se ajustou aos pontos obtidos representasse a magnitude, alcance e intensidade da variabilidade espacial da variável estudada. A umidade do solo apresentou distribuição espacial anisotrópica. Para a direção 0°, pode-se notar uma dependência espacial caracterizada como alta, com o alcance de aproximadamente 3,30m, no sentido do comprimento da estufa. Entretanto, no sentido da largura da estufa, não foi possível ajustar modelos. Utilizando a representação gráfica da superfície, a área estudada apresentou um maior teor de água na parte inicial e menor na parte final das linhas de distribuição de água. A krigagem mostrou-se um bom interpolador para mapeamento da umidade do solo.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV
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The expansion of the no-tillage system, in Brazil, has increasingly diversified the ways in which the production methods are established and managed. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of preceding crops such as mayze and Urochloa ruziziensis, as well as their intercropping, in the presence and absence of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense, and the cover nitrogen supplying on common bean development, production components and grain yield. The study was carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, in the 2011/2012 crop season. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications, in a 8x4 factorial scheme, with treatments consisting of a combination of cover crops (associations of mayze, U. ruziziensis and A. brasilense) and cover nitrogen doses on common bean (0 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1 and 90 kg ha-1). The preceding crops affected the common bean grain yield, with the mayze and Urochloa intercropping, both inoculated, being the best option. The initial common bean population was not affected by previous crops. The cover nitrogen application did not affect the common bean grain yield under winter irrigation, for the no-tillage system.
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Arborization can benefit coffee plantations by reducing the wind speed and temperature variation in the crop. It is also possible that the incident radiation can affect the weed populations and reduce the need for their control. This study aimed at assessing the weeds population and distribution, in arabica coffee intercropped with three macadamia cultivars, six years after planting, in Dois Córregos, São Paulo State, Brazil. Treatments consisted of a 3x3+1 factorial scheme, i.e., coffee intercropped with three macadamia cultivars (HAES 816, IAC 4-20 and IAC 9-20) and three sampling positions of weeds in the intercropping (in the macadamia tree canopy projection, among the macadamia tree canopies projections and in the single rows), plus an additional treatment (sole coffee). The weeds incidence and control, as well as their phytosociological characterization, were evaluated. For coffee intercropped with macadamia, the weeds occurrence and number of species were smaller than for sole coffee. For the projection in the canopy and among canopies of macadamia trees, there was an average decrease of 82% in the occurrence of weeds, in comparison with the sole coffee. The IAC 9-20 cultivar was more efficient in reducing the occurrence of weeds, when intercropped with coffee, for presenting a taller canopy, with a larger diameter.
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Weeds can act as important reservoirs for viruses. Solanum americanum (Black nightshade) is a common weed in Brazil and samples showing mosaic were collected from sweet pepper crops to verify the presence of viruses. One sample showed mixed infection between Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Potato virus Y (PVY) and one sample showed simple infection by PVY. Both virus species were transmitted by plant extract and caused mosaic in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santa Clara), sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Magda), Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabaccum TNN, and local lesions on Chenopodium quinoa, C. murale and C. amaranticolor. The coat protein sequences for CMV and PVY found in S. americanum are phylogenetically more related to isolates from tomato. We conclude that S. americanum can act as a reservoir for different viruses during and between sweet pepper crop seasons.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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The adoption of management practices that reduce water losses is essential to conserve moisture and improve soil temperature, especially in arid and semiarid environments of the Brazilian Northeast, characterized by high evapotranspiration and the adoption of irrigation with saline water, which harms growth and yield of commercial crops. Given these factories, an experiment was conducted in Nova Floresta, Paraiba, from August 2010 to February 2011 in Oxisoil, in order to evaluate the production of bell pepper and soil moisture in grooves with side trim, and application of biofertilizer and mulch cattle. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications using a factorial 2 x 2 x 2 for the ground beef with and without biofertilizer, with and without residues of sisal fiber (Agave sisalana), with and without the side facing the grooves, to reduce lateral water losses by infiltration of water with polyethylene plastic film. From the results, the lining of the lateral grooves provided higher values of soil moisture, number of fruits, fruit mass, plant production and productivity, bell pepper plants. It was also found that the combination of biofertilizer and mulch the ground beef remained wetter in the first 15 cm depth.
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Local abundant residues with low or without commercial value with potential to make the production of edible mushrooms economically viable in any region of Brazil must be employed for cultivation. Thus, the radial mycelial growth of LED 20 strain of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler was verified in culture media prepared with extract of regional residues by using substrates based on Protium puncticulatum, Cariniana micrantha and Caryocar glabum sawdust, supplemented with 20% of grinded residues from the barks of the fruits of Astrocaryum aculeatum and Theobroma grandiflorum. Residues from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp) sawdust and wheat bran (Triticum aestivum L) were used as witness because they are commonly used in the cultivation of L. edodes. The experimental design used was totally randomized, in 4x3 factorial scheme, totalizing 12 treatments with five repetitions, being that each repetition corresponded to a Petri dish, adding up a total of 60 dishes, which were incubated under 25 degrees C. The diameter of the colony was daily evaluated during seven days of incubation. After that period, it was verified that media prepared with P. puncticulatum extract, whose supplementation with both brans was favorable for fungic development, presented some of the highest averages of mycelial growth of LED 20 strain of L. edodes, confirming the potential of those residues.