Income instability, mobility and distribution in Argentina

Includes bibliography

Labour mobility in Argentina since the mid-1990s: the hard road back to formal employment

Includes bibliography

Muscle strength and ankle mobility for the gait parameters in diabetic neuropathies

Aims: To evaluate the spatio-temporal variables of gait and the isometric muscle strength component of the ankle in patients with peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Also, verify the relationship between these variables and gait parameters. Methods: This study involved 25 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) participants (62.4 ± 8.36 years) and 27 age-matched healthy control individuals (64.48 ± 6.21 years). The assessment of the spatio-temporal parameters of gait was performed using an electronic baropodometry treadmill. Prior to the collection data, each participant was instructed to walk on the treadmill in her/his habitual self-selected speed. Results: Diabetic neuropathy group showed impairment of gait, with a smaller stride and length speed of the cycle, and increased duration of support time. Restricted dorsiflexion mobility and increased plantarflexion mobility were found, with a decrease in muscle strength of the dorsiflexors and plantiflexors. There was a significant relationship between plantiflexor muscle strength and the length and speed of the gait cycle. Also the muscle strengths of the plantiflexors and dorsiflexors, and the range of motion of dorsiflexion were predictors of gait performance. Conclusions: The ankle, muscle strength and ankle mobility variables could explain changes in gait speed and range of motion in patients with DPN, allowing for the application of preventive strategies. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Occupational ergonomics: Work posture among Brazilian dental students

This study involved observational assessment of work posture in relation to recommended ergonomic posture the requirements necessary for ergonomic posture among students in the final year of a degree program at the School of Dentistry of Araraquara-UNESP/Brazil (n =73) and investigation of the association of work posture with sex, the type of procedure, four-handed dentistry, and the region of the mouth being treated. The work posture of the students during 250 clinical procedures was observed by means of pictures. Each procedure received a posture classification: Adequate, partially adequate, or inadequate. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted. The prevalence of final posture classification was calculated using 95% confidence intervals and point estimate. Associations of interest were studied using the chi-square test, with a 5% significance level. It was concluded that the prevalence of procedures performed with partially adequate posture was high, and that the final work posture classification was not associated with the variables of interest. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Algunas características de la personalidad relacionadas con la movilidad social ascensional en un medio ambiente urbano inestable = Some characteristics of personality related to upward social mobility in an unstable urban environment

Los documentos del Seminario fueron publicados por UNESCO en 1961 con el título: La urbanización en América Latina/Urbanization in Latin America

Mexico 1970: occupational stratification, income and region: an analysis of census data

Includes bibliography

Integrated and sustainable mobility policies: review and proposed conceptual framework

This issue of the FAL Bulletin examines aspects of current urban transport policies in Latin America and proposes a conceptual framework for an integrated and sustainable mobility policy.

Urban mobility policies

On 13 and 14 March 2008 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, a seminar on urban mobility policies and urban transport infrastructure services was organized by French Cooperation and ECLAC (through its Natural Resources and Infrastructure Division and its Office in Buenos Aires), with the sponsorship of the Alliance française and the Andean Development Corporation.

Disability and mobility: interaction of two public policies for sustainable development

This issue of the FAL Bulletin analyses institutional alternatives and international best practices for the development of transportation services that explicitly include and integrate users with some type of disability.

Convergence and divergence of transport and mobility policies in Latin America: Lack of urban co-modality

This issue of the FAL bulletin analyses transport and mobility policy in Latin America, where the lack of integrated public policies for urban mobility and the failure to take coordinated action over time make it difficult to prioritize investments and coordinate existing initiatives (both public and private).

Developing integrated and sustainable policies on infrastructure, logistics and mobility in Mesoamerica

This issue of the FAL Bulletin summarizes the main outcomes of a regional workshop held in Costa Rica in November 2012 that brought together ministers and high-level authorities from the member countries of the Mesoamerica Project.

Social mobility and the demand for income redistribution in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Energy efficiency and mobility: A roadmap towards a greener economy in Latin America and the Caribbean

Much analysis and proposals on sustainable transport policies have been developed around the world, both at government and research institutions. It is clear that no action will provide the single solution and it is imperative to act simultaneously on: i) improvement of technology in vehicles, leading to increased energy efficiency; ii) the change in driver behavior, to use less fuel per kilometer; iii) reducing the distances traveled per vehicle; and iv) a change in the type of travels towards more sustainable modes of transport.In general, the recommendations for energy efficiency in transport are mainly focused on the first two priorities on the list, while the portfolios of policies —instrumental to the needs of the countries— should use trans-sectoral and multi-dimensional approaches, such as public transport planning and land use. In ECLAC, we consider that the time has come to provide Latin American and Caribbean countries with a deeper understanding and a more strategic vision (and adapted to the realities of the region) on these issues; in this sense, we hope that this document will help countries to improve and further expand their portfolios of energy efficiency policies in the transport sector, in order to achieve the ambitious goals of energy efficiency, needed to ensure a sustainable energy future.