Electrical properties of LiNbO3 (electrolyte)/Cu (anode) bi-layers

In this work specific film structures of Li-Nb-O/Li/Li-Nb-O are investigated by AC Impedance Spectroscopy measurements at different temperatures. This gives the opportunity to investigate properties of the material itself and, at the same time, to consider the influence of the grain boundaries on the ionic behavior of the polycrystalline Lithium Niobate. On the other hand, LiNbO3/Li/Cu multi-layers are studied as electrolyte/anode bi-layers and potential parts of "Li-free" microbatteries. The Li deficiency in the as deposited Li-Nb-O films is cured by forming a "sandwich" of Li-Nb-O/Li/Li-Nb-O, which after annealing becomes ionic conductor. The electrical behavior of an annealed film depends on two sources. The first is due to properties of the material itself and the second is based on the network of the grain boundaries. The average size of the grains is strongly influenced by the structure of the ohmic-contact/substrate. The electrical behavior of the electrolyte/anode interface of the "Li-free" structure LiNbO3/Li/Cu/Au is very similar to the impedance measurements of the single LiNbO3 single films. The whole multilayer structure, though, presents a third relaxation time which is consistent of a small resistance. This resistance is independent of temperature and it seems that is due to the metallic interface Li/Cu/Au. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of high quality n-type CdS nanobelts and their applications in nanodevices

High quality n-type CdS nanobelts (NBs) were synthesized via an in situ indium doping chemical vapor deposition method and fabricated into field effect transistors (FETs). The electron concentrations and mobilities of these CdS NBs are around (1.0x10(16)-3.0x10(17))/cm(3) and 100-350 cm(2)/V s, respectively. An on-off ratio greater than 10(8) and a subthreshold swing as small as 65 mV/decade are obtained at room temperature, which give the best performance of CdS nanowire/nanobelt FETs reported so far. n-type CdS NB/p(+)-Si heterojunction light emitting diodes were fabricated. Their electroluminescence spectra are dominated by an intense sharp band-edge emission and free from deep-level defect emissions. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

纳米耐油型全硫化热塑性弹性体的制备与形态、结构及性能研究

本文以过氧化物为引发剂，采用反应挤出的方法，制备了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酷官能化聚丙烯，采用化学滴定法和红外光谱法均证实了接枝共聚物的存在，并研究了反应条件对PP-g-GMA接枝率、接枝效率和熔体流动速率的影响，结果表明：1．当DCP含量一定时，随着单体含量的增加，接枝产物的接枝率出现了一个峰值。这表明一味地增加单体浓度未必有利于接枝率的提高；2．当GMA单体浓度一定时，PP-g-GMA的接枝率和熔融指数均随着引发剂含量的增加而逐渐增大，这表明引发剂浓度的增加在促进接枝反应的同时也引入了更多的副反应；3．助剂苯乙烯的加入大大地提高了PP-g-GMA的接枝率和接枝效率，且产物的熔融指数与纯聚丙烯相比变化很小，这表明助剂苯乙烯的加入有效地抑制了副反应的发生，且促进了接枝反应的发生。研究了官能化聚丙烯PP-g-GMA的形态、结构与性能，结果表明：1．官能化对聚丙烯的结晶行为有显著的影响，不仅结晶温度和熔融温度有显著的增加，而且结晶度也有一定程度的增加；2．纯聚丙烯的结晶结构为典型的a型结晶，而接枝聚丙烯的结晶则以a型结晶为主，并出现了少量的Y型结晶；3．采用Avrami方程可以很好的描述官能化聚丙烯的初级结晶行为，纯聚丙烯和官能化聚丙烯的 tl几和tmax均随着结晶温度的增加而增加，这表明它们的结晶过程由成核控制；4．采用Jeziornn法研究了官能化聚丙烯的非等温结晶动力学，非等温结晶过程可以分为初级结晶和次级结晶两部分，在次级结晶阶段，曲线偏离了初级结晶部分的直线，表明在次级结晶阶段，官能化聚丙烯的成核与生长方式发生了变化；5．采用DMA研究了官能化聚丙烯的动态热机械行为，官能化后聚丙烯的耐热性提高了，而且随着接枝率的升高，耐热性又有进一步的提高。以官能化聚丙烯作为反应型增容剂，采用反应共棍的方法，制备了耐油型全 硫化CNBR/PP热塑性弹性体，并研究了热塑性弹性体的形态、结构与性能。主要 结果如下：1．采用红外光谱法表征了梭基丁睛粉末橡胶和PP-g-GMA间的反应。 2．透射电子显微镜和原子力显微镜结果表明，当一部分聚丙烯被官能化聚丙烯替代后，体系中橡胶粒子的尺寸明显变小了，分布也更加均一了。在CNBR/PP-g-GMIA 体系中，原位增容反应形成的共聚物位于cNBR和PP-g-GMA两相的界面处。3．加入少量接枝聚丙烯后共混物的力学性能，如拉伸强度、100％定伸强度和断裂伸长 率均有明显的提高，而且，对于CNBR/PPPP-g-GMA共混物，只需少量的界面增 容剂便可以使两相界面达到饱和并达到较好的增容效果。4．动力学和热力学因素 均影响共混物中聚丙烯的结晶行为，在CNBR/PP体系中，动力学因素占主导地位，而CNBR/PP-g-GMA体系中热力学因素占主导作用。另外，采用Avromi方程描述了CNBR/PP和CNBR/PP-g-GMA体系的等温结晶动力学。5．接枝聚丙烯的加入阻碍了接枝聚丙烯与梭基丁睛橡胶两相间的界面层滑移，因此提高了体系的粘度。以官能化聚丙烯作为反应型增容剂，采用反应共混的方法，制备了耐油型全硫化NBR/PP热塑性弹性体，并研究了热塑性弹性体的形态、结构与性能。主要结果如下：1．采用红外光谱法表征了官能化聚丙烯与端氨基液体丁睛橡胶间的反应，但仅从红外光谱的结果很难断定产物的分子结构；2．采用透射电子显微镜观察了NBR/PP共混物的微观形态，结果表明，NBR／PP共混物体系中除了含有直径为几十纳米的小橡胶粒子外，还有直径为几微米甚至几十微米的大橡胶粒子存在，且随着橡胶含量的增加，体系中大橡胶粒子的数量增多了，小橡胶粒子的分布也变得密集了；3．采用差示扫描量热法表征了NB侧PP共混物的受限结晶行为，结果表明，（1）在220℃的高温下，部分丁睛橡胶分子产生了一定的运动，从而限制了聚丙烯分子的运动，使聚丙烯分子产生了受限结晶行为；（2）随着橡胶含量的增加，橡胶粒子间的距离逐渐变小，这使得位于橡胶粒子间隙的聚丙烯分子的运动受到限制，因此聚丙烯表现出受限结晶的行为；（3）受限的聚丙烯分子更倾向于Y型结晶。

染料激光器混合染料体系的研究

分子间的能量转移是当今光化学、光生物学和光物理学中的一个重要课题，长期以来一直受到人们的广泛关注。六十年代染料激光器出现以后，人们很快就将这一原理应用研究染料激光器的工作物质。选择适当的混合染料溶液作为染料激光器的工作物质，可以提高某些染料的激光输出能量或扩展激光波长覆盖范围，这已成为分子间能量转移的一个新的应用领域。本文首先阐述分子间能量转移的基本理论并对混合染料体系的选择及其研究进行了文献综述。另外，对研究过程中，他人工作改采用的实验手段也进行了概述，特别对荧光寿命的测量讨论得较为仔细。实验中我们着重研究了R6G/Red B、R6G/NB两个二元体系和C440/C540/Saf.~(-1)、C440/Fl.Na/Saf.~(-1)以及R6G/Red B/Ox725三个三元混合染料体系。实验方法主要通过测量混合染料溶液的荧光光谱、荧光寿命和激光输出性能。激发源波长始终固定在337.1nm。荧光光谱和荧光寿命多是在英国Applied Photophysics公司生产的SP-70型纳秒荧光分光光度计上测量的。这套仪器的设置从激发、探测以至最后的数据处理（微机处理）都达到较高的灵敏度和精确度。更为主要的是采用了时间相关单光子计数技术这一新的测量方法，真有较高的时间分辨本领，为染料分子的短寿命测量提供了重复性极好的可靠数据。并且由于这套仪器的信噪比大，能够测出高浓度溶液情况下的荧光光谱，而一般地荧光光谱仪却很难探测。激光调谐范围的测量是在QJD-9型染料激光器上进行的，光路结构安排合理，各项技术指标都达到了较高水平。激光强度的测量是采用了通用的光路结构测量混合染料溶液的超辐射模式的激光输出。下面是我们的实验结果。1.R6G/Red B、R6G/NB二元混合染料体系。通过测量R6G/Red B混合染料溶液的荧光光谱，了解到给体R6G有较强的能量转移给受体Red B。又通过荧光寿命的测量，表明溶液浓度达到～10~(-3) mol.L~(-1)时，分子间的能量转移主要是共振转移，且符合Stern-Volmer关系。由此我们进行了一定量讨论，计算了不同浓度溶液中给体与受体分子间的平均距离R。激光性能的测量表明这一体系具有较大的激光强度输出，且通过改变给体、受体浓度可扩展调谐范围。对于R6G/NB，我们做了类似的研究。但与R6G/Red B不同的是，R6G/NB始终是双峰。激光性能测量表明此体系可以扩展调谐范围，且可改善NB的激光输出，降低泵浦阈值。2.C440/C540/Saf.-T、C440/Fl.Na/Saf.-T及R6G/Red B/Ox725三元体系。C440/C540/Saf.-T混合染料溶液的荧光光谱研究表明，三种染料分子之间有较强的能量转移发生，且与溶液浓度配比适当时，可以同时获得三个不同波段处的荧光发射，从而可望扩展波长调谐范围。见图1。对于C440/Fl.Na/Saf.-T混合溶液，我们主要是采用光谱手段，对能量转移过程做了研究。结果表明C440/Fl.Na之间以辐射转移为主要机制，Fl.Na/Saf.-T之间在波度稍大时，发生共振转移的可能性较强。另外对能量转移过程进行了一些定量的讨论。计算求得C440/Fl.Na的临距离R_o = 47.5A，小于Fl.Na/Saf.-T的临界距离R_o = 59.0A，因而后者发生共振转移的可能性较大。R6G/Red B/Ox725体系与前两体系相比是向长波长方向扩展了。激光性能的测量表明，此体系可以作为染料激光器的工作物质。实验结果还表明三种染料混合以后的激光性能比Red B/Ox725二组份混合的效果好得多。R6G/Red B/Ox725的超辐射是图2所示。

基于支持向量机的Internet流量分类研究

准确的网络流量分类是众多网络研究工作的基础,也一直是网络测量领域的研究热点.近年来,利用机器学习方法处理流量分类问题成为了该领域一个新兴的研究方向.在目前研究中应用较多的是朴素贝叶斯(nave Bayes,NB)及其改进算法.这些方法具有实现简单、分类高效的特点.但该方法过分依赖于样本空间的分布,具有内在的不稳定性.因此,提出一种基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)的流量分类方法.该方法利用非线性变换和结构风险最小化(structural risk minimization,SRM)原则将流量分类问题转化为二次寻优问题,具有良好的分类准确率和稳定性.在理论分析的基础上,通过在实际网络流集合上与朴素贝叶斯算法的对比实验,可以看出使用支持向量机方法处理流量分类问题,具有以下3个优势:1)网络流属性不必满足条件独立假设,无须进行属性过滤;2)能够在先验知识相对不足的情况下,仍保持较高的分类准确率;3)不依赖于样本空间的分布,具有较好的分类稳定性.

Extracting nanobelt mechanical properties from nanoindentation

A three-spring-in-series model is proposed for the nanobelt (NB) indentation test. Compared with the previous two-spring-in-series model, which considers the bending stiffness of atomic force microscope cantilever and the indenter/NB contact stiffness, this model adds a third spring of the NB/substrate contact stiffness. NB is highly flexural due to its large aspect ratio of length to thickness. The bending and lift-off of NB form a localized contact with substrate, which makes the Oliver-Pharr method [W. C. Oliver and G. M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564 (1992)] and Sneddon method [I. N. Sneddon, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 3, 47 (1965)] inappropriate for NB indentation test. Because the NB/substrate deformation may have significant impact on the force-indentation depth data obtained in experiment, the two-spring-in-series model can lead to erroneous predictions on the NB mechanical properties. NB in indentation test can be susceptible to the adhesion influence because of its large surface area to volume ratio. NB/substrate contact and adhesion can have direct and significant impact on the interpretation of experimental data. Through the three-spring-in-series model, the influence of NB/substrate contact and adhesion is analyzed and methods of reducing such influence are also suggested. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3432748]

Extracting the Mechanical Properties of 1D Nanostructures from Nanoindentation

<正>The so-called one dimensional(1D) nanostructures or wirelike nanoentities,such as nanowire(NW),nanotube(NT),and nanobelt(NB) have attracted much interest in scientific community because of their remarkable mechanical,electrical,thermal properties and potential applications in wide variety of devices.The mechanical failure of 1D nanostructures can lead to the malfunction or even failure of entire device and 1D nanostructures may also have size-dependent properties. Therefore,an accurate measurement of their mechanical properties is of

K418与42CrMo异种金属激光焊接接头组织演变规律

研究了额定功率为3kW的Nb:YAG激光焊接K418与42CrMo异种金属,通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、能谱仪(EDS)分析了焊缝接头组织和成分。结果表明,焊缝与母材交界组织为具有一定方向的枝晶组织,焊缝中心为等轴晶。由于激光焊接熔池的非平衡凝固,焊缝枝晶间弥散分布着颗粒状的Laves相、针状的MC碳化物和8字形的γ′。Laves相具有熔点低、硬和脆的特点,在焊缝区域常成为裂纹萌生和扩展的地方。为了提高焊缝的力学性能,需要优化工艺参数,抑制Laves的形成。

中国蔷薇属芹叶组（Rosa Sect. Pimpinellifoliae DC. ex Ser.）的分类学研究

本研究通过我国CDBI、 KUN、PE、SZ等主要标本馆约3, 500份馆藏标本的研究和野外考察相结合，对我国蔷薇属（Rosa L.）芹叶组(Sect. pimpinellifoliae DC. ex Ser.）植物以及相关组的一些种进行了性状特征、形态和微形态的研究，对该组的一些种的形态特征描述进行了补充，同时给出详细的地理和海拔范围分布图。综合花粉以及种子（瘦果）形态的研究结果重新制订了分种检索表，同时，对该组一些形态相近容易混淆的种进行了对比研究，特别对一直存在争议的绢毛复合体（绢毛蔷薇R. sericea Lindl.和峨眉蔷薇R. omeiensis Rolfe）进行了大量宏观形态特征的研究，并用光学显微镜（LM）和扫描电镜(SEM)对二者的花粉及种子形态、微形态进行对比研究和分析，主要研究内容包括： 1. 芹叶组孢粉研究 对芹叶组的10个种及相关的4个组共17个种（18个样品）的植物花粉进行了光镜和扫描电镜观察和比较研究。研究结果表明：蔷薇属植物花粉粒大小为中等偏小，极轴长23.98[21.82(R. graciliflora Rehd. et Wils.)～29.18(R. tsinglingensis Pax. et Hoffm.)] μm，赤道轴长28.65[24.15（R. graciliflora）～34.70(R. davidii Crép.)] μm；花粉属辐射对称等极单花粉，花粉形态赤道面观呈球形到超长球形；极面观为三裂圆形或近圆形,三孔沟，孔缘加厚,具中部突起的桥状盖。花粉外壁纹饰为条纹状，光镜下形态特征相差不大；在电镜下外壁条纹和脊沟内穿孔的形状、大小和频度等特征，常具组至种水平上的可见变异，可作为组至种水平划分的依据。 根据花粉外壁条纹特征及穿孔形状和数目等特征，本研究将这些植物的花粉归为5个类型，并编制了分组检索表。同时，根据条纹状的清晰度，排列方式、条纹形状、穿孔大小及其频度等方面的差异，各有特点，对该组的10个种编制了分种检索表。 2. 芹叶组种子形态研究 应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国蔷薇属芹叶组14个种及相关组5个组共36种植物的种子宏观形态及种皮微形态特征进行了观察研究。结果显示，蔷薇属种子形态多样,形状分别为肾形、卵形或锥形等；种子颜色以淡棕色、褐色以及土黄色为主；种子大小种间相差悬殊，相对体积为（长×宽×厚）36.66（4.79～114.47) mm3。光镜下，种子宏观形态特征具组内一致性，在扫描电镜下种子表面结构特征因种而异，其纹饰以网纹为主，可分为3种类型，即近平滑型、负网纹型和网纹型。研究结果表明，蔷薇属种子表面纹饰与地理分布关系不大,具有组及种内稳定性。其种子形态、大小、表而纹饰类型等特征可作为蔷薇属组及种水平上的分类依据。 结合蔷薇属花粉形态研究结果，得出蔷薇属种皮微形态特征与花粉外壁纹饰特征相吻合，在代表组及种的特征上具相关性的结论。同时根据种子形态、微形态结构特征的组间区别和种间差异编制了分组及芹叶组14个种的分种检索表。 3. 绢毛蔷薇复合体的研究 通过对大量标本的研究、野外观察以及扫描电镜对绢毛蔷薇复合体的花粉形态和种皮表面结构进行研究，通过对小叶、花粉及种子的形态定量分析结果支持Rowley (1959)的观点，将峨眉蔷薇处理为绢毛蔷薇的一个变种。 综上研究结果得出，蔷薇属植物的小叶片数目、花被基数以及花粉及种子形态等性状是较为稳定的，这些特征可很好的作为分类学依据。 The morphology, pollen exine sculpture and seed coat structure of the species of Rosa sect. Pimpinellifoliae and related sections were studied.About 3,500 herbarium specimens at CDBI, KUN, PE, and SZ were examined. Field work in Sichuan and Yunnan were conducted. Revisions of some species were carried out and a new key to species of sect. Pimpinellifoliae was proposed based on morphology, pollen exine sculpture and seed coat structure, Detailed morphological descriptions, geographical distributions and the altitudinal ranges of some taxa are given. The systematics of the species complex, the Rosa sericea complex (R. sericea Lindl. & R. omeiensis Rolfe), was emphasized. This thesis focused on the following three aspects: 1. Pollen morphology of Rosa sect. Pimpinellifoliae The pollen morphology of 18 samples representing 10 species of the Eurasian Rosa sect. Pimpinellifoliae and 7 additional species of related sections was investigated under LM and SEM. The pollen grains are monadic, actinomorphic, equipolar, medium-sized, spheroidal to perprolate in equatorial view, 3-lobed circular or semi-circular in polar view, crassimarginate, pontoperculate, and with striate exine sculpture. The striate sculpture varies among sections and species. The equatorial axis ranges from 17.97 μm (R. sikangensis) to 29.18 μm (R. tsinglingensis) with an average of 23.98 μm in length, while polar axis varies from 24.15 μm (R. gracilifolra) to 34.70 μm (R. davidii) with an average of 28.65 μm in length. The pollens can be divided into five types based on striate sculpture and a key to the sections sampled was proposed accordingly. The pollen morphology of species of sect. Pimpinellifoliae is more homogeneous and different from other sections sampled and did not support the two-series subdivisions in sect. Pimpinellifoliae. A key is also provided based on characers of pollen morphology among species in sect. Pimpinellifoliae. 2. Seed coat structure of Rosa sect. Pimpinellifoliae The seed coat structure of 39 samples representing 14 species of Rosa sect. Pimpinellifoliae and 12 additional species of related sections was investigated under LE and SEM. The seed relative volume (Length × width × thickness) ranges from 4.79 to 114.47 mm3 with an average of 36.66. mm3. The seeds are reniform, ovate or oblong in shape, with orange-brown, light brown or deep brown color. Seed coat sculpture was reticulate or striate-like reticulate. There was no difference in sculpture character of various speices under LM, while three types of seed coat sculpture were identified under SEM and a key to species based on the seed coat sculpture was provided. The three types of seed coat sculpture were nearly smooth, areolate and reticulate. The study of the seed coat sculpture of same species sampled from different populations showed that characters on the seed coat are stable, and thus the size, shape and seed coat sculpture can be used in species level identification. Interestingly, characters in the seed coat sculpture and the pollen morphology in sect. Pimpinellifoliae are consistent at in specific or sectional levels. A key to the 14 species sampled was given based on seed coat sculpture. 3. The study on Rosa sericea complex The Rosa sericea complex contains R. omeiensis and R. sericea. They are morphologically similar to one another and the systematic status of R. omeiensis has been controversial. In this study we examined large numbers of herbarium specimens of R. omeiensis and R. sericea and conducted field observations in the Hengduan Mts.. We also performed SEM study of pollen morphology and seed coat structure of R. omeiensis and R. sericea. We further carried out intensive morphometric study on the leaflet, pollen, and seed morphology. Our results showed that R. omeiensis should be sunk to be a variety of R. sericea, just as Rowley’s treatment in 1959. In conclusion, the features in the number of leaflet and petal, and the morphological character on pollen and seed are relatively stable. Therefore these characters are very useful in taxon delimition.

~(239)Pa的鉴别及其特性

利用60 MeV/u18O离子束轰击天然铀靶,经多核子转移反应生成重丰中子核素239Pa。用放射化学方法从被照射的靶中分离出镤。借助于239Pa和它的子体239U的γ射线观测和分析,鉴别了239Pa,测得239Pa的半衰期为(106±30)min。长寿命同位素,如232Th和238U,可给出一个测定核合成持续时间的可能性,而中等寿命同位素,如235U,则可给出有关产生函数时间历史的信息。总地说来,通过232Th/238U2、35U/238U或244Pu/238U的比率,用公式NA(Δ)/NB(Δ)=(PA/PB)f(λA,λB,S0,λR,Δ)便可推导出宇宙年龄。由239Pa的衰变途径,可简单叙述239Pa的异常长的半衰期对于宇宙年龄估计的影响。

利用多重示踪技术研究正常鼠和肿瘤鼠的微量元素代谢(英文)

利用25 MeV/u40Ar +Se中能重离子核反应,制备包含24种元素在内的多重示踪剂,通过对元素γ谱的分析,研究了正常鼠和肿瘤鼠体内微量元素的分布及代谢。Mg,Sr, Ga, As,Sc, V, Cr, Mo, Co,Fe, Y,Zr, Nb和Ru等元素在肿瘤鼠的粪便和尿液中的排泄时间与正常鼠不同。肿瘤鼠与正常鼠相比,Na, Mn,Fe和Co的排泄变化较大,肿瘤鼠的排泄率较正常鼠高;而Ca, Y,Zr和Mo的排泄率肿瘤鼠则较正常鼠低;在正常鼠脏器、组织和血液样品中测出了Na,Rb,Ga,Sc, As,Zn, V,Cr, Mn,Co,Fe、Y,Zr, Tc, Ru, Ag和In等17种元素,肿瘤鼠检测出了除Zn和As之外的其它15种元素。几乎所有的元素在正常鼠中的吸收均比肿瘤鼠高。大部分元素分布在肝、肾和毛皮以及实体瘤中,而Fe和Na在肿瘤组织则没有检测到。

毛细管式的靶-离子源系统在线实验研究

讨论了在线同位素分离器使用激光离子源的必要性 ,分析研究了毛细管式激光离子源对电离器的要求及热毛细管电离器的工作原理 ,并给出了在线实验的结果 .为了在较低温度下形成等离子体鞘势和降低热电离效率 ,采用了低电子逸出功的耐高温材料Nb作毛细管材料 .在线实验获得成功 ,使用毛细管式的靶 -离子源的在线同位素分离器的总效率约达 0 2 % ,满足了激光离子源电离器和靶室的工作要求