Nickel(II) meso-hydroxyporphyrin complexes revisited: Palladium-catalysed synthesis, electronic structures of derived oxy radicals, and oxidative coupling to a dioxoporphodimethene dyad

We report the synthesis and characterisation of new examples of meso-hydroxynickel(II) porphyrins with 5,15-diphenyl and 10-phenyl-5,15-diphenyl/diaryl substitu- tion. The OH group was introduced by using carbonate or hydroxide as nucleophile by using palladium/phosphine cat- alysis. The NiPor OHs exist in solution in equilibrium with the corresponding oxy radicals NiPor OC. The 15-phenyl group stabilises the radicals, so that the 1H NMR spectra of {NiPor OH} are extremely broad due to chemical exchange with the paramagnetic species. The radical concentration for the diphenylporphyrin analogue is only 1%, and its NMR line-broadening was able to be studied by variable-tempera- ture NMR spectroscopy. The EPR signals of NiPor OC are con- sistent with somewhat delocalised porphyrinyloxy radicals, and the spin distributions calculated by using density func- tional theory match the EPR and NMR spectroscopic obser- vations. Nickel(II) meso-hydroxy-10,20-diphenylporphyrin was oxidatively coupled to a dioxo-terminated porphodimethene dyad, the strongly red-shifted electronic spectrum of which was successfully modelled by using time-dependent DFT calculations.

Uuden median murros Alma Mediassa, Sanoma Oy:ssä ja Yleisradiossa 1994-2004

This is a qualitative and multimethodological comparative study, which consists of two main parts: examining the development of new media and analysing and comparing the new media strategies of the three companies studied (Alma Media, Sanoma and the Finnish Broadcasting Company Yleisradio). The study includes the first large-scale review in Finnish of the development of new media, paying attention to the birth of the Internet as well as to mobile media, web TV and any other element of new media. It also concentrates on the function of electronic distribution channels before the age of the Internet, e.g. cable text and videotext. Answers about how the three traditional Finnish media houses began spreading their content to the Internet and wireless applications in 1994–2004 are also given. In researching the new media strategies the study pays special attention to the attitudes that the three media companies adopted towards the Internet and other forms of new media in their strategies during the years in question. By analysing and comparing, e.g., the companies’ strategies and their investments, the study ascertains whether the companies had a joint functional model in adopting new media or acted totally on their own without taking too much notice of the media field overall. The study makes extensive use of previously published material. The researcher has also interviewed almost twenty people who were involved in getting the companies’ new media functions under way. The methods for the interviews were dialogue and snowball sampling. The researcher has created a classification in which he divides the business strategies into four different categories: active strategy, careful strategy, permissive strategy, and passive strategy. In comparing and analysing the companies the researcher has used the classification devised by Allan Afuah & Christopher L. Tucci. The seven element classification consists of dominant managerial logic, competency trap, fear of cannibalisation and loss of revenue, channel conflict, political power, co-opetitor power and emotional attachment. In analysing the company strategies the researcher has also noted the classifications of convergence made by Everette E. Dennis and Graham Murdock as well as the aspects formulated by Sylvia Chan-Olmsted and Louisa Ha concerning the success of the companies in adopting the Internet into their functions. Based on all these classifications and by further developing them the researcher analyses and compares the success of the new media strategies of the three Finnish companies. The outcome of the study is a conclusion as to what kind of strategies the companies have carried out their new media functions and how they have succeeded in it.

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN.

Precoder Designs for MIMO Broadcast Channels with Imperfect CSI

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Origin of Disk Lopsidedness in Spiral Galaxies

In our work we have used the atomic hydrogen [HΙ] gas distribution in the HΙ 21-cm line emission to study the dark matter halo perturbations. For tHΙs analysis, the 2-D HΙ surface density and velocity maps (arcHΙval) of the galaxies in the Eridanus group (obtained using the GMRT) and in the Ursa Major group (obtained from WSRT) were used. In addition a few HΙckson Compact Groups of galaxies were also studied using the GMRT. The HΙ maps of these galaxies were Fourier analysed to estimate the asymmetry in the distribution and motion of gas. The average asymmetry parameter in the 1.5 to 2.5 K′-band scale lengths was found to be ~ 0.27 for the Eridanus group of galaxies wHΙle it was ~ 0.14 for the Ursa Major group of galaxies. The asymmetries in the distribution of HΙ as a function of Hubble type of galaxies were also studied and was found to be directly correlated with the compactness of the groups. In addition, the trend in the asymmetry as a function of the Hubble type of galaxies was opposite to that seen in the field galaxies, i.e., in the group galaxies, the early type galaxies showed more asymmetry than late type. These two aspects indicated that tidal interactions between the galaxies in a group environment to be the major cause of asymmetries. The observed asymmetry parameters were consistent with recent numerical simulations of asymmetries of gas disk caused by fly-by interactions. We have also estimated the perturbation of dark matter halo using the asymmetry parameter obtained from the Fourier series analysis of the surface density maps.

Portable HVAC and Pulsed Plasma Sources for Control of NOX in Diesel Engine Exhaust

In this paper studies were carried out on two compact electric discharge plasma sources for controlling nitrogen oxides (NOX) emission in diesel engine exhaust. The plasma sources consist of an old television flyback transformer to generate high frequency high voltage ac (HVAC) and an automobile ignition coil to generate the high voltage pulses (HV Pulse). The compact plasma sources are aimed at retrofitting the existing catalytic converters with electric discharge assisted cleaning technique. To enhance NOX removal efficiency cascaded plasma-adsorbent technique has been used. Studies were reported at different flow rates and load conditions of the diesel engine.

Thermoluminescence response in gamma and UV irradiated Dy2O3 nanophosphor

Low temperature solution combustion method was employed to synthesize Dy2O3 nanophosphors using two different fuels (sugar and oxalyl dihydrazine (ODH)). Powder X-ray diffraction confirm pure cubic phase and the estimated particle size from Scherrer's method in sugar and ODH fuel was found to be 26 and 78 nm, respectively, and are in close agreement with those obtained using TEM and W-H plot analysis. SEM micrographs reveal porous, irregular shaped particles with large agglomeration in both the fuels. An optical band gap of 5.24 eV and 5.46 eV was observed for Dy2O3 for sugar and ODH fuels, respectively. The blueshift observed in sugar fuel is attributed to the particles size effect. Thermoluminescence (TL) response of cubic Dy2O3 nanophosphors prepared by both fuels was examined using gamma and UV radiations. The thermoluminescence of sugar used samples shows a single glow peak at 377 degrees C for 1-4 kGy gamma irradiations. When dose is increased to 5 kGy, two more shouldered peaks were observed at 245 and 310 degrees C. However, in TL of ODH used samples, a single glow peak at 376 degrees C was observed. It is observed that TL intensity is found to be more in sugar used samples. In UV irradiated samples a single glow peak at 365 degrees C was recorded in both the fuels with a little variation in TL intensity. The trapping parameters were estimated by different methods and the results are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Raman spectroscopy explores molecular structural signatures of hidden materials in depth: Universal Multiple Angle Raman Spectroscopy

Non-invasive 3D imaging in materials and medical research involves methodologies such as X-ray imaging, MRI, fluorescence and optical coherence tomography, NIR absorption imaging, etc., providing global morphological/density/absorption changes of the hidden components. However, molecular information of such buried materials has been elusive. In this article we demonstrate observation of molecular structural information of materials hidden/buried in depth using Raman scattering. Typically, Raman spectroscopic observations are made at fixed collection angles, such as, 906, 1356, and 1806, except in spatially offset Raman scattering (SORS) (only back scattering based collection of photons) and transmission techniques. Such specific collection angles restrict the observations of Raman signals either from or near the surface of the materials. Universal Multiple Angle Raman Spectroscopy (UMARS) presented here employs the principle of (a) penetration depth of photons and then diffuse propagation through non-absorbing media by multiple scattering and (b) detection of signals from all the observable angles.

Dynamic Stability of Electrostatic Torsional Actuators with van Der Waals Effect

electrostatic torsional nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) actuators is analyzed in the paper. The dependence of the critical tilting angle and voltage is investigated on the sizes of structure with the consideration of vdW effects. The pull-in phenomenon without the electrostatic torque is studied, and a critical pull-in gap is derived. A dimensionless equation of motion is presented, and the qualitative analysis of it shows that the equilibrium points of the corresponding autonomous system include center points, stable focus points, and unstable saddle points. The Hopf bifurcation points and fork bifurcation points also exist in the system. The phase portraits connecting these equilibrium points exhibit periodic orbits, heteroclinic orbits, as well as homoclinic orbits.

Step Structure in Cold-Rolled Deformed Nanocrystalline Nickel

The microstructure characteristic of the cold-rolled deformed nanocrystalline nickel metal is studied by transmission electron microscopy. The results show that there are step structures nearby the grain boundary (GB), and the contrast of stress field in front of the step corresponds to the step in the shape. It is indicated that the interaction between twins and dislocations is not a necessary condition to realizing the deformation. In the later stage of the deformation when the grain size becomes about 100nm, the deformation can depend upon the moving of the boundary of the stack faults (SFs) which result from the partial dislocations emitted from GBs. However, when the size of SFs grows up, the local internal stress which is in front of the step gradually becomes higher. When this stress reaches a critical value which stops the gliding of the partial dislocations, the SFs will stop to grow up and leave a step structure behind.

Arreglos de siembra en el cultivo de la soya (Glycine max L.), variedad CEA-CH-86. Efecto sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo

El presente trabajo se realizó con la finalidad de determinar el efecto de diferentes arreglos de siembra (0.3 metro entre surco por 7 plantas por metro lineal; 0.6 metro entre surco por 15 plantas por metro lineal: 0.6 metro entre surco por 18 plantas por metro lineal; O.7 metro entre surco por 25 plantas por metro lineal; 0.8 metro entre surco por 30 plantas por metro lineal y 0.9 metro entre surco por 36 plantas por metro lineal) sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de la soya (Glycine max L) variedad CEA-CH-86, bajo las condiciones ecológicas de la finca La Concepción, Nagarote León. El ensayo se estableció en la siembra de postrera de 1999, utilizándose un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se encontró que los componentes de crecimiento (altura, diámetro y hojas por planta) presentaron diferencias a los 50 y 70 días después de la siembra y para las variables evaluadas para el rendimiento y sus principales componentes solamente se encontraron diferencias no significativas para el número de semillas por vainas y peso de mil granos. Los resultados del análisis de varianza indican que el arreglo de siembra 0.6 metro entre surco por 18 plantas por metro lineal obtuvo el mayor rendimiento (2,925.72 kg/ha) y la más alta tasa de retomo marginal {867. 16 por ciento).

Evaluación de diferentes efluentes de cerdo como bioabono sobre el crecimiento y el rendimiento del cultivo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) y las propiedades quimicas del suelo

El presente estudio se desarrolló en los terrenos de una finca ubicada en el municipio de Tisma, departamento de Masaya, durante la época de postrera, en el período comprendido de Agosto a Noviembre del año 2000, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes efluentes de cerdo sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) y las propiedades químicas del suelo. El diseño empleado fue de bloques completos al azar (BCA), con cuatro réplicas y seis tratamientos. Los tratamientos fueron: sin fertilización, fertilización inorgánica; 45.4 Kg/ha (12-30-10) a los 15 días después de la siembra más urea (46 %) 202 Kg /ha, fraccionada, dos dosis de efluentes de cerdos alimentados con desperdicios de cocina (4,100.4 1/ha y 6,150.4 /ha) y dos dosis de efluentes de cerdos alimentados con concentrado (6,049.4 /ha y 9,074.0 1/ha). A los datos de las variables evaluadas se les aplicó un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) y separación de medias por Tukey al 95 y 99 % de confianza. La mayoría de las variables evaluadas no presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los tratamientos, entre ellas se mencionan: altura de plantas, diámetro del tallo, población, número de panojas cosechadas, excepción de panoja y peso de mil granos. Las variables altura de inserción de panoja, longitud de panoja, número de granos por panoja, rendimiento de grano, peso seco de paja, sí presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los tratamientos en estudio. El sorgo híbrido cultivado en un suelo perturbado responde mejor a la fertilización inorgánica. Tanto la fertilización orgánica como inorgánica disminuyeron el pH del suelo. Los biofertilizantes favorecieron el contenido de materia orgánica y de nitrógeno en el suelo. El contenido de fósforo aumentó levemente, mientras que el de potasio disminuyó levemente. No se determinó toxicidad por el contenido de cobre y zinc presente en el suelo.

Temas de historia argentina y americana, 2004, n° 5 (número completo)

Mundo rural, mundo urbano: la mirada de La Nueva República hacia los problemas agrarios / Ángeles Castro Montero -- La revista Ideas (1903-1905) / Verónica Ferrazzini -- Estanislao Zeballos y los incentivos para la naturalización de extranjeros. Perfil de un legislador que buscó comunicar identidad / María Gabriela Micheletti -- El Centenario y la “cuestión social”. Una iniciativa académica / Hebe Carmen Pelosi -- Los entretelones de una candidatura: Agustín P. Justo y las elecciones de noviembre de 1932 / Elena T. Piñeiro -- Acción diplomática del general Paz en Corrientes como director de la guerra contra Rosas (1845-1846) / Gustavo Enrique Poenitz -- Las finanzas públicas de la provincia de Corrientes durante la Organización Nacional (1810-1861) / Enrique César Schaller -- Informes sobre las misiones franciscanas en la Nueva California. 1806-1812 / Juan Villegas S. J. -- Reseñas Bibliográficas -- Normas sobre colaboraciones en la revista

Nancy Cartwright, millian and/or aristotelian

Abstract: Nancy Cartwright understands scientific explanation in terms of stable causes which she calls “capacities” or “natures”. She has been criticized for her interpretation of Mill’s tendencies, for her stress on individual causes, for the contrast between her empiricism and her metaphysical approach, and for her “local realism”. This paper will analyze those criticisms and will argue that a greater reliance on Aristotle might help to answer them and consolidate her proposals. Note that Cartwright is more skeptical about the possibilities of causal explanation in the social realm than about its possibilities in natural science. The paper thus also examines Aristotelian social capacities and provides some Aristotelian arguments for Cartwright’s skepticism about our knowledge of them and our using them to arrive at social scientific explanations.