FY 2016 Iowa Criminal and Juvenile Justice Annual Plan Update, December 1, 2015

The following report will initially provide a brief review of the criminal and juvenile justice system’s long-range and five-year goals established by CJJP. The report will then provide an overview of current initiatives helping to achieve these goals. Some initiatives have associated information which can be found on the CJJP website and are identified within this report.

Juvenile Justice System Planning Data Iowa’s Juvenile Justice Advisory Council Three Year Comprehensive Plan with Additional Juvenile Justice System Information, November 2015

This report provides key juvenile justice system planning data, most of which are taken from Iowa’s 2015 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act Three Year Plan. The data and related descriptions serve as an overview of decision making for major juvenile justice system processing points, and also assist state and local officials with policy and practice. Included in the report are school discipline data and data related to juvenile in the adult criminal justice system.

Juvenile Justice System Planning Data Iowa’s Juvenile Justice Advisory Council Three Year Comprehensive Plan with Additional Juvenile Justice System Information, November 2015

This report provides key juvenile justice system planning data, most of which are taken from Iowa’s 2015 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act Three Year Plan. The data and related descriptions serve as an overview of decision making for major juvenile justice system processing points, and also assist state and local officials with policy and practice. Included in the report are school discipline data and data related to juvenile in the adult criminal justice system.

Audit report on the Central Iowa Juvenile Detention Center in Eldora, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2015

Audit report on the Central Iowa Juvenile Detention Center in Eldora, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2015

Increased Presence of FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Inflamed Muscle of Patients with Active Juvenile Dermatomyositis Compared to Peripheral Blood.

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting the microvasculature of skin and muscle. CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key regulators of immune homeostasis. A role for Tregs in JDM pathogenesis has not yet been established. Here, we explored Treg presence and function in peripheral blood and muscle of JDM patients. We analyzed number, phenotype and function of Tregs in blood from JDM patients by flow cytometry and in vitro suppression assays, in comparison to healthy controls and disease controls (Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy). Presence of Tregs in muscle was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Overall, Treg percentages in peripheral blood of JDM patients were similar compared to both control groups. Muscle biopsies of new onset JDM patients showed increased infiltration of numbers of T cells compared to Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Both in JDM and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy the proportion of FOXP3+ T cells in muscles were increased compared to JDM peripheral blood. Interestingly, JDM is not a self-remitting disease, suggesting that the high proportion of Tregs in inflamed muscle do not suppress inflammation. In line with this, peripheral blood Tregs of active JDM patients were less capable of suppressing effector T cell activation in vitro, compared to Tregs of JDM in clinical remission. These data show a functional impairment of Tregs in a proportion of patients with active disease, and suggest a regulatory role for Tregs in JDM inflammation.

Feeding rate and frequency on juvenile pompano growth

The objective of this work was to evaluate the ideal feeding rate and frequency for juvenile pompano (Trachinotus marginatus). Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, with three replicates each. In experiment I, 25 fish (4.8±0.6 g and 6.48±0.01 cm) were stocked in 15 tanks (50 L) during 21 days and fed 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20% body weight per day. In experiment II, 20 fish (4.1±0.1 g and 6.6±0.1 cm) were stocked in 15 tanks (40 L) during 28 days and fed 2, 6, 8, and 10 times a day. The tested feeding rates and frequencies did not influence survival. Final weight and length in experiment I were significantly lower in fish fed 4% body weight per day, whereas in experiment II only weight was significantly lower in fish fed 2 and 6 times a day. At the end of both experiments, apparent feed conversion showed significant difference, with the worst value observed for fish fed 20% body weight per day in experiment I and 2 times a day in experiment II. Juvenile pompano show better growth performance when fed 8% body weight per day and 8 times a day.

Eugenol as an anesthetic for juvenile common snook

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of eugenol as an anesthetic for juvenile common snook, and to determine the minimum effective concentration for use in handling procedures. In the first trial, juvenile common snook were subjected to immersion baths at 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 mg L-1 eugenol concentrations, after which induction and recovery times were evaluated. In the second experiment, the lethal exposure time (LT50) at 75 mg L-1 was estimated. Minimum effective eugenol concentration was 50 mg L-1, andthe stage of deep anesthesia and recovery were, respectively, reached at 126.3 and 208.8 s. At 75 mg L-1, LT50 was 1,314 s, and induction time and recovery were also satisfactory; however, fish cannot tolerate over 229 s exposure.

Etude radio-clinique comparant les résultats à court terme des prothèses totales du genou implantées soit à l'aide d'une instrumentation manuelle soit à l'aide d'un système de navigation assisté par ordinateur

Résumé: La qualité de l'implantation d'une prothèse totale du genou est un facteur essentiel déterminant le résultat clinique à long terme. L'alignement postopératoire des membres inférieurs est considéré comme le facteur influençant le plus la survie à long terme d'une arthroplastie du genou. Au vu du haut degré de corrélation entre les complications post-opératoires et les malpositionnements prothétiques, les chirurgiens ont tenté de développer durant ces deux dernières décennies des instruments chirurgicaux améliorant la précision d'implantation. Depuis le début des années 90, de nouvelles instrumentations assistées par ordinateur ont été proposées. Actuellement, en chirurgie prothétique du genou, la plus utilisée de ces techniques est le système de navigation OrthoPilot® qui permet, grâce à une station de navigation et des émetteurs infrarouges, de contrôler en continu pendant l'opération, l'axe mécanique du membre inférieur et de vérifier la précision des coupes osseuses. Le but de cette étude de cohorte appareillée rétrospective est de comparer les résultats clinique et radiologiques de deux collectifs de patients (32 patients dans chaque groupe) comparables (âge, sexe, BMI, degré d'arthrose, recul postopératoire), opérés avec le même type de prothèse (prothèse à glissement tricompartimental postérieurement stabilisée), soit avec le système de navigation Orthopilot®, soit à l'aide de l'instrumentation ancillaire mécanique classique. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la technique chirurgicale supportée par le système de navigation Orthopilot® est fiable et aisément reproductible. Par rapport à l'instrumentation manuelle, l'instrumentation assistée améliore significativement la précision de pose du composant tibial dans le plan frontal. Cependant entre des mains expérimentées, la technique d'alignement mécanique classique, plus simple, reste performante (coût modique, temps opératoire plus court et sans risque de défaillance technique).

Justice and Court Administrations, Their Workings and Efficiency in Switzerland : Aspects of Sentencing And Its Outcome In Swiss Cantons

The comparison of the operations of the administration of justice among cantons shows on one side large differences in the three major types of sentencing, in the use of pre-trial detention and the unsuspended prison sanction. When combined, one finds however very weak relationships when considering absolute, percentage or weighted results. On the other side, the outcome of these different policies is much paradoxical as there are no differences when comparing recidivism rates among cantons, despite strong differences in the use of pre-trial detention and the sentencing with prison sanctions. The paradoxical outcome of crime policies in terms of recidivism - e.g. the absence of differences of the outcome based on sanctions in the domain of less severe delinquency - suggests the need for more empirically informed crime policies. The role of justice administrators could be to participate in the dissemination of those findings as well as the dissemination of best practices among cantons with regard to outcomes and the use of resources - especially with consideration to the use of the prison sanction as it is the most costly and the most inefficient of all sanctions. Furthermore, the observance of the principle of equality before the law would be most likely be promoted.

Complications of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: risk factors and management recommendations.

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is an inflammatory condition characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, arthritis, rash and serositis. Systemic inflammation has been associated with dysregulation of the innate immune system, suggesting that SJIA is an autoinflammatory disorder. IL-1 and IL-6 play a major role in the pathogenesis of SJIA, and treatment with IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors has shown to be highly effective. However, complications of SJIA, including macrophage activation syndrome, limitations in functional outcome by arthritis and long-term damage from chronic inflammation, continue to be a major issue in SJIA patients' care. Translational research leading to a profound understanding of the cytokine crosstalk in SJIA and the identification of risk factors for SJIA complications will help to improve long-term outcome.

Idiosyncratic evolution of maternal effects in response to juvenile malnutrition in Drosophila.

Maternal effects often affect fitness traits, but there is little experimental evidence pertaining to their contribution to response to selection imposed by novel environments. We studied the evolution of maternal effects in Drosophila populations selected for tolerance to chronic larval malnutrition. To this end, we performed pairwise reciprocal F1 crosses between six selected (malnutrition tolerant) populations and six unselected control populations and assessed the effect of cross direction on larval growth and developmental rate, adult weight and egg-to-adult viability expressed under the malnutrition regime. Each pair of reciprocal crosses revealed large maternal effects (possibly including cytoplasmic genetic effects) on at least one trait, but the magnitude, sign and which traits were affected varied among populations. Thus, maternal effects contributed significantly to the response to selection imposed by the malnutrition regime, but these changes were idiosyncratic, suggesting a rugged adaptive landscape. Furthermore, although the selected populations evolved both faster growth and higher viability, the maternal effects on growth rate and viability were negatively correlated across populations. Thus, genes mediating maternal effects can evolve to partially counteract the response to selection mediated by the effects of alleles on their own carriers' phenotype, and maternal effects may contribute to evolutionary trade-offs between components of offspring fitness.