Natalizumab-related anaphylactoid reactions in MS patients are associated with HLA class II alleles.

OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate potential associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II alleles and the development of anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with natalizumab. METHODS HLA class I and II genotyping was performed in patients with MS who experienced anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions and in patients who did not develop infusion-related allergic reactions following natalizumab administration. RESULTS A total of 119 patients with MS from 3 different cohorts were included in the study: 54 with natalizumab-related anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions and 65 without allergic reactions. HLA-DRB1*13 and HLA-DRB1*14 alleles were significantly increased in patients who developed anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions (p M-H = 3 × 10(-7); odds ratio [OR]M-H = 8.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.40-23.64), with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 82%. In contrast, the HLA-DRB1*15 allele was significantly more represented in patients who did not develop anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions to natalizumab (p M-H = 6 × 10(-4); ORM-H = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.08-0.50), with a PPV of 81%. CONCLUSIONS HLA-DRB1 genotyping before natalizumab treatment may help neurologists to identify patients with MS at risk for developing serious systemic hypersensitivity reactions associated with natalizumab administration.

Capsule endoscopy in the small bowel Crohn's disease.

CD is a chronic inflammatory disorder associated to mucosal and transmural inflammation of the bowel wall. It is well known that CD can affect the entire gastrointestinal. Therefore, ileocolonoscopy and biopsies of the terminal ileum as well as of each colonic segment to look for microscopic evidence of CD are the first-line procedures to establish the diagnosis. However, it has been observed that up to 30% of the patients have only small bowel involvement. Evaluation of the small bowel has been made with radiological procedures, barium radiography, and abdominal computed tomography or by ileocolonoscopy or enteroscopy, but they have many recognized limitations. CE is undoubtedly a very useful diagnostic tool proposed to observe small-bowel lesions undetectable by conventional endoscopy or radiologic studies. We review different studies that have been published reporting the use of CE in suspected and evaluation of the extension or the recurrence in CD and also its use in pediatric population and its complications.

Aplicaciones web para trabajo colaborativo : aplicación para control de una integración de S.I.

Con la realización del presente proyecto intentaremos realizar una herramienta no propietaria que nos permita llevar el control de una integración de un S.I. dentro de un ambiente colaborativo.

Rheumatoid arthritis response to treatment across IgG1 allotype - anti-TNF incompatibility: a case-only study.

INTRODUCTION We have hypothesized that incompatibility between the G1m genotype of the patient and the G1m1 and G1m17 allotypes carried by infliximab (INX) and adalimumab (ADM) could decrease the efficacy of these anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) antibodies in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The G1m genotypes were analyzed in three collections of patients with RA totaling 1037 subjects. The first, used for discovery, comprised 215 Spanish patients. The second and third were successively used for replication. They included 429 British and Greek patients and 393 Spanish and British patients, respectively. Two outcomes were considered: change in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joint (ΔDAS28) and the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. RESULTS An association between less response to INX and incompatibility of the G1m1,17 allotype was found in the discovery collection at 6 months of treatment (P = 0.03). This association was confirmed in the replications (P = 0.02 and 0.08, respectively) leading to a global association (P = 0.001) that involved a mean difference in ΔDAS28 of 0.4 units between compatible and incompatible patients (2.3 ± 1.5 in compatible patients vs. 1.9 ± 1.5 in incompatible patients) and an increase in responders and decrease in non-responders according to the EULAR criteria (P = 0.03). A similar association was suggested for patients treated with ADM in the discovery collection, but it was not supported by replication. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that G1m1,17 allotypes are associated with response to INX and could aid improved therapeutic targeting in RA.

Endometriosis: alternative methods of medical treatment.

Endometriosis is an inflammatory estrogen-dependent disease defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma at extrauterine sites. The main purpose of endometriosis management is alleviating pain associated to the disease. This can be achieved surgically or medically, although in most women a combination of both treatments is required. Long-term medical treatment is usually needed in most women. Unfortunately, in most cases, pain symptoms recur between 6 months and 12 months once treatment is stopped. The authors conducted a literature search for English original articles, related to new medical treatments of endometriosis in humans, including articles published in PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library. Keywords included "endometriosis" matched with "medical treatment", "new treatment", "GnRH antagonists", "Aromatase inhibitors", "selective progesterone receptor modulators", "anti-TNF α", and "anti-angiogenic factors". Hormonal treatments currently available are effective in the relief of pain associated to endometriosis. Among new hormonal drugs, association to aromatase inhibitors could be effective in the treatment of women who do not respond to conventional therapies. GnRH antagonists are expected to be as effective as GnRH agonists, but with easier administration (oral). There is a need to find effective treatments that do not block the ovarian function. For this purpose, antiangiogenic factors could be important components of endometriosis therapy in the future. Upcoming researches and controlled clinical trials should focus on these drugs.

O relacionamento entre a incerteza ambiental e o comportamento estratégico na percepção dos gestores de pequenas empresas

Neste estudo, objetiva-se examinar o relacionamento entre o comportamento estratégico e a incerteza ambiental na percepção dos gestores. Os dados relativos ao construto incerteza foram levantados conforme uma taxonomia que explicita 29 fatores agrupados em 6 clusters. Para comportamento estratégico utilizou-se um modelo que caracteriza tal comportamento em quatro tipos: prospectores, analistas, defensivos e reativos. A pesquisa apresenta abordagem quantitativa, descritiva correlacional e explicativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de survey com questionário aplicado a uma população de 203 gestores das empresas de Tapejara (Rio Grande do Sul). Desse total, 53 questionários (26,1%) foram respondidos. A análise da relação entre os construtos incerteza e comportamento foi realizada por meio da técnica ANOVA precedida dos testes de normalidade e de homocedasticidade a fim de verificar os pressupostos para a análise. Quanto à percepção de incerteza, 64% dos administradores consideram o ambiente com baixa incerteza. Em relação ao comportamento, 40% das empresas adotam uma postura prospectora. No que tange à relação entre incerteza e comportamento, não houve significância nos resultados dos testes que possibilite afirmar que a percepção de incerteza leve à adoção de determinado comportamento.

Aplicaciones web para trabajo colaborativo : Aplicación web para la corrección automática de pruebas

Como resultado del desarrollo de este trabajo se ha implementado una aplicación web dinámica para la corrección automática de pruebas. Este sistema da solución a algunas de las carencias habituales en sistemas de evaluación automática. Además, esta aplicación está enfocada especialmente a entornos colaborativos en los que se utilicen tests como herramienta de evaluación.

L' atur de llarga durada de les dones majors de 45 anys a Catalunya: una anàlisi exploratòria tenint en compte la classe social i la divisió sexual del treball

This article provides an in-depth study of long-term female unemployment in Catalonia.Long-term unemployment statistics reveal which social groups are most likely to experience difficulty re-entering the labour market. In this case, we found that women are mainly affected by this type of labour exclusion, in particular poorly qualified, working-class women who are aged over 45 and with family responsibilities.The article aims to explore how the overlapping of factors such as gender, age, social class, origin and the division of work based on gender are related to long-term female unemployment. Moreover, we were able to detect which conceptual tools provide us with the production/reproduction paradigm so as to be able to analyse the future of female unemployment. The methodology we used combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. On the one hand, the analysis of secondary statistical data focusing on Catalonia is useful in understanding the situation from a macro-social perspective. On the other hand, an exploratory discussion group enables us to investigate social imaginary practises among unemployed working class women aged over 45. This discussion group was held in Igualada -capital of the Anoia region - an area of Catalonia deeply affected by unemployment in the current economic crisis.

Sons de Korotkoff: desenvolvimento da pesquisa em esfigmomanometria na Escola de Enfermagem da USP

Este artigo tem como objetivos reverenciar Sergei Nicolai Korotkoff por ocasião do centenário da descoberta do método auscultatório de medida da pressão arterial na Rússia, em 1905; relatar os fatos que culminaram no desenvolvimento da esfigmomanometria no Brasil; historiar a valiosa contribuição da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (EEUSP) no desenvolvimento da pesquisa, na área da medida da pressão e analisar o produto da linha de pesquisa "Influência da Largura do Manguito na Medida da Pressão Arterial", gerada na EEUSP a partir de 1974. O artigo relata a consolidação dos achados iniciais pelos estudos que permitiram a formação dos primeiros doutores na área, que sugere a confirmação de hipóteses em estudos longitudinais.

Fatores associados à hipertensão arterial e níveis pressóricos encontrados entre adolescentes trabalhadores

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar fatores associados (FA) à hipertensão arterial e verificar níveis pressóricos de adolescentes trabalhadores. Foram entrevistados 193 adolescentes, sendo 135 homens e 58 mulheres, entre 16 e 18 anos. Após cinco minutos sentados, mediu-se a circunferência braquial e determinou-se a pressão arterial (PA), usando manguito de largura correta (MLC) e padrão (MLP). Os valores obtidos foram relacionados aos FA encontrados. As médias pressóricas, considerando todos os adolescentes, foram 105,2/60,9 mmHg (MLC) e 101,0/57,9 (MLP-p<0,05). Dentre os FA encontrados, apenas a cor e a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas foram associadas ao aumento da PA. O uso do MLC permitiu a detecção de maior número de hipertensos e limítrofes que o uso do MLP. Todos apresentaram FA. Pode-se concluir que há vários FA com hipertensão arterial nessa população, alguns deles já causando elevação da PA. Estudos como este deveriam ser realizados freqüentemente entre adolescentes, pois seus níveis pressóricos podem pre-dizer hipertensão na fase adulta.

Medida da pressão arterial e a produção científica de enfermeiros brasileiros

No número anterior a este periódico, os autores apresentaram matéria comemorativa sobre a descoberta dos Sons de Korotkoff, em 1905. Relataram os determinantes históricos que resgatam o importante papel da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo-EEUSP, no desenvolvimento da mais antiga linha de pesquisa de pressão arterial na enfermagem brasileira: "Influência da Largura do Manguito na Medida da Pressão Arterial". Neste artigo é apresentada a produção científica decorrente dos estudos realizados pelos doutores formados na EEUSP, enfatizando-se a trajetória de cada pesquisador em seus respectivos núcleos e laboratórios, com o objetivo de oferecer alguns indicadores que permitem avaliar, qualitativa-quantitativamente, o impacto das pesquisas realizadas e a caracterização do conhecimento na área.

Eina d'anàlisi de rendiment d'una xarxa : TaFanet v1.0

Treball de final de carrera que descriu el procés d'implementació de TaFanet v1.0.

Análisis y diseño de antenas dipolo y parche para aplicaciones implantadas en el cuerpo humano

En els darrers anys, els sistemes de telemetria per a aplicacions mèdiques han crescut significativament en el diagnòstic i en la monitorització de, per exemple, la glucosa, la pressió de la sang, la temperatura, el ritme cardíac... Els dispositius implantats amplien les aplicacions en medicina i incorpora una millora de qualitat de vida per a l’usuari. Per aquest motiu, en aquest projecte s’estudien dues de les antenes més comuns, com son l’antena dipol i el patch, aquesta última és especialment utilitzada en aplicacions implantades. En l’anàlisi d’aquestes antenes s’han parametritzat característiques relacionades amb l’entorn de l’aplicació, així com també de la pròpia antena, explicant el comportament que, a diferencia amb l’espai lliure, les antenes presenten a canvis d’aquests paràmetres. Al mateix temps, s’ha implementat una configuració per a la mesura d’antenes implantades basat en el model del cos humà d’una capa. Comparant amb els resultats de les simulacions realitzades mitjançant el software FEKO, s’ha obtingut gran correspondència en la mesura empírica d’adaptació i de guany de les antenes microstrip. Gràcies a l’anàlisi paramètric, aquest projecte també presenta diversos dissenys de les antenes optimitzant el guany realitzable amb l’objectiu d’aconseguir la millor comunicació possible amb el dispositiu extern o estació base.

Rotavirus specific plasma secretory immunoglobulin in children with acute gastroenteritis and children vaccinated with an attenuated human rotavirus vaccine.

Rotavirus (RV)-specific secretory immunoglobulin (RV-SIg) has been previously detected in serum of naturally RV infected children and shown to reflect the intestinal Ig immune response. Total plasma SIgA and plasma RV-SIg were evaluated by ELISA in children with gastroenteritis due or not due to RV infection and in 50 children vaccinated with the attenuated RIX4414 human RV vaccine and 62 placebo recipients. RV-SIg was only detected in children with evidence of previous RV infection or with acute RV gastroenteritis. Vaccinees had higher RV-SIg titers than placebo recipients and RV-SIg titers increased after the second vaccine dose. RV-SIg measured after the second dose correlated with protection when vaccinees and placebo recipients were analyzed jointly. RV-SIg may serve as a valuable correlate of protection for RV vaccines.