Letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting a return of the arms and military stores furnished to the respective states, under the provisions of the law of one thousand eight hundred and twelve.

At head of title: [107].

Message from the President of the United States, transmitting a report of the Secretary of State, in obedience to a resolution of the thirteenth inst. "requesting the President to lay before this House such documents relative to the Russian mediation as in his opinion it may not be improper to communicate." --

United States,13th Congress, 2d session, 1813-1814. House. Doc. no. 35.

Message from the President of the United States, transmitting copies of a letter from the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to the Secretary of State, with the answer of the latter.--

January 6, 1814. Ordered to lie on the table.

Buying Britney : pop culture icons to cultural brands

This thesis demonstrates that mUSIC stars who attain cultural icon status heavily contribute to the fashion styles of the time. Where as style and music have always had a connection, icons such as Britney Spears are now dictating popular style so much so that music artists are becoming full-fledged fashion designers. While much analysis is devoted to Britney Spears, her largest contributions do not lie in the rise of teenage sexuality, but in establishing music artists as vehicles of consumption. The artists' signature has now become a brand and ~ term "signabrand" has been created to define such a trend. To understand such a shift, a review of past literature devoted to fashion and music, largely consisting of subculture theory is examined, followed by a combination of content analysis, political economy, fashion and postmodem theory to address how music stars attain icon status and guide style.

Steeltown scene : genre, performance and identity in the alternative independent music scene in Hamilton, Ontario

This thesis examines the independent alternative music scene in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, also known, with reference to its industrial heritage, as "Steeltown." Drawing on the growing literature on the relationship between place and popular music, on my own experience as a local musician, direct observation of performances and of venues and other sites of interaction, as well as ethnographic interviews with scene participants, I focus on the role of space, genre and performance within the scene, and their contribution to a sense of local identity. In particular, I argue that the live performance event is essential to the success of the local music scene, as it represents an immediate process, a connection between performers and audience, one which is temporally rooted in the present. My research suggests that the Hamilton alternative music scene has become postmodern, embracing forms of "indie" music that lie outside of mainstream taste, and particularly those which engage in the exploration and deconstruction of pre-existing genres. Eventually, however, the creative successes of an "indiescene" permeate mass culture and often become co-opted into the popular music mainstream, a process which, in turn, promotes new experimentation and innovation at the local level.

A Pragmatic Approach to Ethical Inquiry on Transhuman Athletes and Gene Doping in Sport

Gene doping is the most recent addition to the list of banned practices formulated by the World Anti-doping Agency. It is a subset of doping that utilizes the technology involved in gene therapy. The latter is still in the experimental phase but has the potential to be used as a type of medical treatment involving alterations of a patient‘s genes. I apply a pragmatic form of ethical inquiry to evaluate the application of this medical innovation in the context of sport for performance-enhancement purposes and how it will affect sport, the individual, society and humanity at large. I analyze the probable ethical implications that will emerge from such procedures in terms of values that lie at the heart of the major arguments offered by scholars on both affirmative and opposing sides of the debate on gene doping, namely fairness, autonomy and the conception of what it means to be human.

Letter from the acting Secretary of War, transmitting information relative to the claims of the State of Massachusetts for payment of the expenses of the militia ordered out by the executive authority of the state, during the late war

15th Congress, 1st session, 1817-1818, House. Doc. 81. February 20, 1817. Read, and ordered to lie upon the table.

Letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting a return of the arms and military stores furnished to the respective states, under the provisions of the law of one thousand eight hundred and twelve

At head of title: [107]. 15th Congress, 1st session, 1817-1818. House. February 20, 1818. Read, and ordered to lie upon the table.

Message from the President of the United States, transmitting a report of the Secretary of State, in obedience to a resolution of the thirteenth inst.

Full Title: 47. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting a report of the Secretary of State, in obedience to a resolution of the thirteenth inst. "requesting the President to lay before this House such documents relative to the Russian mediation as in his opinion it may not be improper to communicate." United States,13th Congress, 2d session, 1813-1814. House. Doc. no. 35. January 18, 1814. Ordered to lie on the table. One letter in French with English translation Printed by Roger C. Weightman

Message from the President of the United States, transmitting copies of a letter from the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to the Secretary of State, with the answer of the latter

January 6, 1814. Ordered to lie on the table. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- At head of title: [22]. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13th Congress, 2nd Session, House. Doc. 22. Printed by Roger C. Weightman

Returning to Play after Concussion: A Phenomenological Study

This study examines and describes athletes’ felt sense of readiness returning to play following a concussion. Analyses of the interviews yielded a description of each participant’s experiences with concussions. Descriptions of this phenomenon generated by informants provide a detailed account of the unique issues athletes face when returning to play following a concussion. Participants’ descriptions highlight that in order to play, an athlete knows that he/she ought to be emotionally and physically ready to play. However, the athletes in this study believe that there is not an actual test that can “prove” this and that they can choose to lie and/or cheat the tests to return to play while they are still symptomatic. Athletes, parents, coaches, and trainers will benefit from learning to be better educated on the severity of concussions, concussion detection, assessment and the serious health consequences that can result from playing with a concussion.

Disease-Gene Association Using a Genetic Algorithm

Understanding the relationship between genetic diseases and the genes associated with them is an important problem regarding human health. The vast amount of data created from a large number of high-throughput experiments performed in the last few years has resulted in an unprecedented growth in computational methods to tackle the disease gene association problem. Nowadays, it is clear that a genetic disease is not a consequence of a defect in a single gene. Instead, the disease phenotype is a reflection of various genetic components interacting in a complex network. In fact, genetic diseases, like any other phenotype, occur as a result of various genes working in sync with each other in a single or several biological module(s). Using a genetic algorithm, our method tries to evolve communities containing the set of potential disease genes likely to be involved in a given genetic disease. Having a set of known disease genes, we first obtain a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network containing all the known disease genes. All the other genes inside the procured PPI network are then considered as candidate disease genes as they lie in the vicinity of the known disease genes in the network. Our method attempts to find communities of potential disease genes strongly working with one another and with the set of known disease genes. As a proof of concept, we tested our approach on 16 breast cancer genes and 15 Parkinson's Disease genes. We obtained comparable or better results than CIPHER, ENDEAVOUR and GPEC, three of the most reliable and frequently used disease-gene ranking frameworks.

Exact Nonparametric Two-Sample Homogeneity Tests for Possibly Discrete Distributions.

In this paper, we study several tests for the equality of two unknown distributions. Two are based on empirical distribution functions, three others on nonparametric probability density estimates, and the last ones on differences between sample moments. We suggest controlling the size of such tests (under nonparametric assumptions) by using permutational versions of the tests jointly with the method of Monte Carlo tests properly adjusted to deal with discrete distributions. We also propose a combined test procedure, whose level is again perfectly controlled through the Monte Carlo test technique and has better power properties than the individual tests that are combined. Finally, in a simulation experiment, we show that the technique suggested provides perfect control of test size and that the new tests proposed can yield sizeable power improvements.

Travailler autrement: critiques et pratiques alternatives

La « critique sociale » doit être comprise comme étant la capacité d’exprimer, d’afficher et d’exercer sa différence. Par ailleurs, la capacité d’exprimer sa différence est étroitement liée à l’état d’égalité. En revanche, ce sont les inégalités sociales qui poussent à l’homogénéisation. Alors, comment les personnes qui subissent les inégalités sociales peuvent-elle échapper à l’homogénéisation et devenir agents de critique sociale et moteurs de changement ? Autrement dit, faut-il donner raison à Marcuse sur le fait qu’une véritable remise en question du modèle dominant ne peut qu’émerger à la marge ? On peut penser que c’est là le rôle des organismes communautaires, même s’il arrive que le modèle dominant les récupère pour en faire un organe d’intégration des forces en opposition. Notre premier objectif de recherche est donc de voir s’il existe une critique concernent le travail chez les personnes interviewées. En outre, notre second objectif est de voir si le fait d’être à la marge permet de développer un rapport contestataire au modèle dominant de travail.

Rapport au travail et dynamique de transformation du métier d'ingénieur dans le contexte algérien: le cas de l'entreprise Sonatrach

Cette recherche a pour objet l'étude de la dynamique de transformation du métier d'ingénieur dans le contexte algérien saisi à travers le rapport au travail. Elle repose sur une approche théorique s'inspirant d'une sociologie des groupes professionnels avec une démarche alliant méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives. Prenant appui sur des données recueillies à l'aide d'un questionnaire et d'entretiens approfondis menés dans Sonatrach, la plus grande entreprise d'Algérie, notre étude s'est attachée à faire ressortir les facteurs qui agissent au niveau individuel, organisationnel et sociétal sur les pratiques professionnelles pour deux générations d'ingénieurs. La première a eu pour mission de bâtir le pays à travers les grands projets de développement qui ont caractérisé la période après l'indépendance. La deuxième est arrivée sur le marché de l'emploi, à la fin des années 80, dans un contexte de crise et a payé un lourd tribut à la détérioration de la conjoncture économique. Les pratiques professionnelles se construisent tout d'abord dans le travail, mais aussi dans l'exercice des activités quotidiennes, les relations avec les autres et enfin la satisfaction à l'égard du travail. Tels ont été les points focaux de notre démarche d'explicitation du rapport au travail chez nos ingénieurs. Nous avons mis en lumière l'effet de la position hiérarchique au sein de l'organisation et des types de fonction. La satisfaction tient de la fierté d'appartenir à une entreprise prestigieuse. Chez les jeunes, elle s'exprime aussi dans les avantages matériels et une vision du métier fondée sur la maîtrise technique. Les plus âgés, encore marqués par l'idéologie nationaliste, mettent l'accent sur la participation à l'édification du pays, mais aussi sur la réalisation de soi et la fidélité à l'entreprise. Le rapport au travail s'élabore également au fil du temps dans son cheminement professionnel. Nous l'avons abordé, dans une deuxième étape, en documentant les processus d'intégration et de mobilité au sein de l'entreprise. Les trajectoires professionnelles sont régies par des politiques et des procédures de gestion qui en définissent les modalités, mais elles obéissent également à des opportunités et à des pratiques informelles qui jouent un rôle tout aussi important dans la détermination des profils de carrière. Enfin, le rapport au travail est tributaire de facteurs qui dépassent le cadre de l'entreprise. Dans une troisième étape, nous avons analysé les transformations du système éducatif et leur impact sur la certification des ingénieurs, la crise économique et ses effets en termes de chômage et de précarité et enfin la montée du discours religieux et ses manifestations chez les ingénieurs. Ces facteurs liés au contexte sociétal modifient les représentations et modèlent les attitudes et comportements au travail et à l'égard de celui-ci. Comme le montre notre recherche, le rapport au travail articule, dans une composition complexe, parcours individuels et histoires collectives vécus dans des environnements en évolution. La pratique d'un métier se trouve liée aux différents contextes de socialisation qui traversent les individus. Elle se situe, dans le cas algérien, au croisement d'une formation scientifique et technique qui montre peu de réactivité aux besoins mouvants de l'opérateur économique qu'elle est censée satisfaire, d'une entreprise bureaucratique dans son organisation et dans son fonctionnement où le contournement des règles peut s'ériger en principes de gestion et enfin d'un contexte sociétal qui oscille entre modernité et tradition. Cette dernière est réinterprétée de manière orthodoxe par les mouvements religieux en action dans la société. Ainsi, les ingénieurs investis initialement d'une mission de développement et considérés alors comme "vecteur de modernité" connaissent une détérioration de leur statut et la crise touche la profession vécue cependant différemment selon les générations.