1000 resultados para Intensificação de pastagens
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental - FEB
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar as características morfogenéticas e estruturais do capim-Tanzânia, a produção de forragem, as perdas de nitrogênio (N) por volatilização, reservas orgânicas e a avaliação do sistema radicular sob doses de nitrogênio sob pastejo. O experimento foi instalado na área Fazenda Experimental de Iguatemi da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, no período de março de 2007 a março de 2008. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos completos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, encontravam-se as doses de N (0, 150, 300 e 450 kg ha-1 de N) e, nas sub-parcelas, as estações do ano. As perdas de N por volatilização foram quantificadas depois da adubação N (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 dias). As amostragens das raízes foram realizadas nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm. A aplicação do fertilizante N na pastagem foi parcelada em três aplicações. A produção de massa seca total e de lâmina foliar de forragem respondeu linearmente até 282 kg ha-1 de N na estação do verão. A adubação nitrogenada exerce efeito positivo nas taxas de alongamento e aparecimento foliar, e no número de folhas vivas em plantas de capim-Tanzânia nas estações da primavera e verão. Elevadas adubações nitrogenadas associada a intervalos menores de pastejo promovem uma maior porcentagem de lâmina foliar; no manejo de pastos de capim-Tanzânia sob lotação rotacionada com altura de 70 cm na entrada dos animais para o pastejo e saída com 30 cm de altura do resíduo. A interação entre o nível de adubação e o período depois da aplicação de uréia foi significativa para a variável volatilização acumulada de N-NH3. A aplicação da uréia acarreta perdas percentuais mais elevadas de N nos três primeiros dias após a aplicação. A perda média acumulada de N-NH3 no período para as três estações do ano... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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The Paulista West region has suffered through the decades an intense process of deforestation when substituting native areas of Atlantic rainforest and Cerrado by agricultural cultivation, mainly coffee in the 20th century. This occupation process without planning and management of the soil resulted in serious erosion problems. Besides, the soil erosion promoted the reduction of agricultural production and the silting of rivers. This paper aims identify the factors of natural scope (geological, geomorphologic and pedologic characteristics) which participate in unleash of erosion process in two agricultural properties producers of coffee in order to apply mechanical techniques of recovery in erosive focuses of furrow and ravine kinds. One of the properties is at the city council of Getulina, located on the sandstones of Adamantina Formation; the other is at the city council of Vera Cruz, located on the sandstones of Marília Formation. However, taking into consideration the analysis of the natural dynamics, they are not enough to explain the complexity of the phenomena which are processed in the geographic space. It made indispensable the incorporation of socio-economic factors, such as the use and occupation process of the soil considering the society as landscape transformers. In order to better understand the importance of each one of the elements that contributes to the unleash of the studied erosions, it was collected soil samples in the areas, general descriptions and texture and morphologic analysis. Finally, it was elaborated the maps of the use and occupation of the soil and the vegetal coverage surrounding the properties studied. It was observed in the rural property of Getulina the substitution of the coffee by pasture that finds degraded. It, in addition to the cattle stomp, which changed the texture and density characteristics among the soil horizons, and the concentration of superficial water flow intensified the occurrence of ...
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The intensification of handling process is an attribute on modern swine, in animal agglomeration and total indoor, health problems become often, requiring pathology identification, as well most committed ages, in order to establish health programs in herd. Therefore the aim of this text is to discuss about major deseases wich reach the pork production
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This presente monograph propose the analysis and discussion of the production of urban space and the processes of their structuring intraurbana from the dynamics of the real estate market into three Medium-sized Cities, Campina Grande - PB, Mossoró - RN and Passo Fundo - RS, whereas the various agents producing this space, in a comparative perspective. From this urban dynamic search to analyze the processes and relations present in these spaces, which are important for its production. From the compilation of real estate advertisements in local newspapers, are analyzed offerings of urban land, houses and apartments in each one of these cities by highlighting their locations and differentiated prices. Thus, working with data from real estate ads from the period 1995 - 2010 and a comparative perspective of the characteristics of real estate markets of three medium-sized cities, it tried to apprehend processes that are common between them and other individuals, to each one. Therefore the comparative analysis developed in this monograph sought to verify whether there are similarities between the cities in relation to the trends of concentration/spatial dispersion of bids and movements throughout time, in addition to a further intensification of the activities of real estate agents in face of such trends and offerings. In addition, we sought to remove a set of problematization that allow them to understand with more acute, in this set of medium cities of Brazilian urban network, processes of change that is already being discussed in the recent period by ReCiMe.
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Este trabalho faz um estudo comparativo sobre a estratégia de plataformas na indústria automobilística brasileira entre os anos 90 e 2000. Para tanto, definiu-se o conceito de plataformas na indústria automobilística, a intensificação dos estudos sobre sua eficiência ao longo do tempo e o impacto da reutilização e adaptação de plataformas na redução de custos. Os resultados do estudo colaboraram no entendimento dos projetos de desenvolvimento de produto na indústria automotiva nacional, colaborando para a comparação entre a evolução do cenário brasileiro com a de outros cenários como Reino Unido e os BRICs
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A ocupação humana desordenada e sem planejamento pode resultar em impactos ambientais como esgotamento do solo, perda de cobertura vegetal, erosão e perda de solo, assoreamento de leitos fluviais, contaminação das águas (superficiais e profundas), entre outros. Estas conseqüências estão presentes também no município de Ipeúna-SP, onde predominam as pastagens e o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. Este quadro atual mostra a necessidade de se desenvolver estudos e levantamentos que contemplem diversos fatores ambientais (bióticos e abióticos) básicos para o entendimento das características, potencialidades e fragilidades da área, possíveis de subsidiar o planejamento e a gestão do uso da terra e adequar a utilização dos recursos naturais disponíveis com conservação do meio ambiente. O estudo da fisiografia permite a caracterização e classificação das paisagens terrestres levando em consideração os fatores formadores destas paisagens (clima atual e passado, hidrologia, geologia, geomorfologia e indiretamente aspectos bióticos) e as relações (processos) que os afetam. Desta forma, o objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar as características fisiográficas do município de Ipeúna-SP e, assim, contribuir para o melhor conhecimento dos aspectos do meio físico. Para atingir o objetivo foram realizadas as técnicas de interpretação de fotografias aéreas em escala 1:25.000, geoprocessamento e levantamentos de campo. A sistemática de trabalho adotada se resume a duas etapas: I) diagnóstico zero e; II) análise fisiográfica. O resultado final é o Mapa Fisiográfico em escala 1:50.000. A análise fisiográfica permitiu identificar e compreender os processos endógenos e exógenos que atuam e atuaram na evolução paisagem. O município de Ipeúna-SP é caracterizado por paisagens policíclicas de origem aluvial, coluvial/aluvial e estrutural... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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The intensive development in the urbanization process implied a series of economic, social, and gradually, environmental transformations, essentially, since its intensification, which took place from the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. In Latin American countries, including Brazil, there was such acceleration in urban sprawl, only in the middle of the twentieth century, fomented by a peculiar industrialization, coming from the scientific-technical revolution, which occurred in developing countries. In this context, and with a lack of planning and an effective organization, cities of the dependent countries face an inordinate population growth and an unprecedented industrial swelling. Brazil, following this trend, presents several issues regarding the gaps in the provision of necessary infrastructure to meet the most basic needs of its population and the intense activity and anthropogenic effects on the environment. In this sense, environmental problems, related to air and water pollution, degradation and contamination of soil, paving roads, reduction of green areas, urban heat island, among others, reaching ever deeper into the Brazilian urban areas. It is important the analysis in this final project, the weather events related to episodes of strong winds and the events and the impacts to the population of Rio Claro (SP) in the period 2005 to 2010, basing themselves in Geographical Climatology and Urban climate studies. In this scenario, we found the prevalence of occurrences linked to falling trees in the study area, connected, at the same time, to the occurrence and to the absence of episodes of extreme events, with measurements of strong winds, showing a connection between the events and external facts to episodes of winds
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The coffee crisis in the 1980s reached deeply municipality of Dracena, considering that the coffee had significant social and economic importance to the area. In this context, the research aimed to analyze the socioeconomic consequences that this crisis has provided small rural proprietors of the county. To achieve this goal we seek to articulate the theoretical reference, with data from secondary sources, interviews with the main responsible for the agricultural sector and an application questionnaire to 21 small rural proprietors of the county. It was found that, due to the dependence relationship with the coffee, the economy of the city suffered from the attack of said culture during the 1980s. Rural producers who cultivated such crops as the main, had to readjust productively to remain in the countryside, but the economic and social development that coffee was brought in earlier times was not rescued. As a consequence, there has been an intensification of evasion demographic of rural municipality, a process that had begun in the 1970s and was strongly reinforced by the crisis of the coffee culture. We note that from the 2000s, the situation became better for small rural proprietors in order that public policies implemented now serve, in part, the needs of those with greater efficiency. This situation can be evidenced by a slight reduction in the number of rural people dracenense. Despite improvements recorded since the 2000s, the situation is still not ideal, given that many small proprietors surveyed expressed dissatisfaction. In this context, we note that the performance and joint of federal, state and municipal government are essential so that public policies are efficient, thus providing decent conditions for social reproduction of small rural proprietors and their dependents in the countryside
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A Mata Atlântica, um dos biomas mais ameaçados do mundo, possui alta biodiversidade e endemismos, restando apenas 7% de sua área original, e por isso considerada um hotspot. O município de Campinas está incluído no domínio vegetal de Mata Atlântica com transição para Cerrado, onde restam menos de 3% de floresta estacional semidecidual. A fragmentação de áreas naturais, a caça ilegal e a introdução de espécies exóticas são as principais causas de extinção de espécies. Neste estudo buscou-se identificar a riqueza e a densidade populacional de primatas em dez fragmentos de mata na região da Área de Proteção Ambiental de Sousas e Joaquim Egídio, área de ocorrência do sagüi-do-tufo-preto (Callithrix penicilatta), do macaco-prego (Cebus nigritus) e dos ameaçados, segundo a IUCN (2007), sagüi-da-serra-escuro (Callithrix aurita), sauá (Callicebus nigrifrons) e bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans). Os fragmentos variam entre dois e 24ha com formatos variados e de diferentes composições de capoeiras e matas secundárias, numa matriz agrícola, composta de pastagens, silvicultura e culturas perenes e anuais. O levantamento foi feito entre maio de 2007 e outubro de 2008 através de contagens absolutas dos grupos, diferenciados pelo local dos reavistamentos, composição sexual e etária. Cada avistamento foi georreferenciado com um GPS Garmin Camo Etrex®. Por serem territoriais, sauás foram atraídos através do uso de playbacks. A comunidade de primatas da Mata Ribeirão Cachoeira (245ha), maior remanescente local, é composta por cinco espécies. Sagüi-detufo- preto e bugio foram avistados em seis fragmentos e sauás em dois. Em cinco, foram observados grupos de Callithrix jacchus (sagüi-comum), exóticos na região. Em três fragmentos foram encontrados grupos mistos ou híbridos de Callithrix jacchus e C. penicillata. A área total...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Throughout the analysis of the collections JJ, CEVAP, IBSP, ZUEC and UEL, a study on the ophiofauna of Botucatu was made. We present a preliminary list of the species of snakes here found, with small comments on their natural history. The number of specimens studied was 943. We registered, for Botucatu, 51 species of snakes, distributed in 31 genera and 6 families. The families here found were Anomalepididae (1 spp.), Boidae (1 spp.), Colubridae (7 spp.), Dipsadidae (32 spp.), Elapidae (3 spp.) and Viperidae (7 spp.). The analysis of the relative abundance shows that Dipsadidae was the most abundant family, with n=425 (44,83%), followed by Viperidae, with n=388 (40,93%), Boidae, n=62 (6,54%), Colubridae, n=57 (6,01%), Elapidae, n=15 (1,6%) and, at last, Anomalepididae, with n=1 (0,1%). The five more representative species were Crotalus durissus (n=135, 14,31%), Oxyrhopus guibei (n=123, 12,8%) Bothropoides jararaca (N=121, 12,6%), Bothropoides neuwiedi (N=95, 9,88%) and Sibynomorphus mikani (N=65, 6,76%). A higher number of individuals collected was registered for the months of january to april that, together, sum up to almost 50% of the total. The months of june to september registered a lower number of individuals. The spacial distribution analysis shows that a higher number of snakes was found on the country areas of Botucatu (n=270, 41,54%), specially on pastures. Due to the lack of studies of Botucatu’s ophiofauna, this list is probably underestimated. It is mandatory that future studies approaching this group and its ecological components on this region are made, using appropriate sampling methodologies, in order to form an accurate list of the species of snakes of Botucatu
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This study sought to address the tourism system in its various strands, compared to socioeconomic and environmental issues. Contextualizing the theme of sustainable tourism, or ecotourism, the reality of the city of Ipeúna, there is the incipient state of efforts in this activity because, predominantly, its territory is occupied by the monoculture of cane sugar and pastures, which damages the maintenance of vegetation fragments, as well as degrading areas that often could take a value tour. Through environmental planning, was intended to raise major issues of interface tourism / environment in order to seek alternatives to the implementation and development of tourism in Ipeúna. As a result, it presents an environmental diagnosis of the study area through which to assess the current status of tourist attractions in relation to environmental and socio-economic dynamics of the city.