Genomic analysis for managing small and endangered populations: a case study in Tyrol Grey cattle

Analysis of genomic data is increasingly becoming part of the livestock industry. Therefore, the routine collection of genomic information would be an invaluable resource for effective management of breeding programs in small, endangered populations. The objective of the paper was to demonstrate how genomic data could be used to analyse (1) linkage disequlibrium (LD), LD decay and the effective population size (NeLD); (2) Inbreeding level and effective population size (NeROH) based on runs of homozygosity (ROH); (3) Prediction of genomic breeding values (GEBV) using small within-breed and genomic information from other breeds. The Tyrol Grey population was used as an example, with the goal to highlight the potential of genomic analyses for small breeds. In addition to our own results we discuss additional use of genomics to assess relatedness, admixture proportions, and inheritance of harmful variants. The example data set consisted of 218 Tyrol Grey bull genotypes, which were all available AI bulls in the population. After standard quality control restrictions 34,581 SNPs remained for the analysis. A separate quality control was applied to determine ROH levels based on Illumina GenCall and Illumina GenTrain scores, resulting into 211 bulls and 33,604 SNPs. LD was computed as the squared correlation coefficient between SNPs within a 10 mega base pair (Mb) region. ROHs were derived based on regions covering at least 4, 8, and 16 Mb, suggesting that animals had common ancestors approximately 12, 6, and 3 generations ago, respectively. The corresponding mean inbreeding coefficients (F ROH) were 4.0% for 4 Mb, 2.9% for 8 Mb and 1.6% for 16 Mb runs. With an average generation interval of 5.66 years, estimated NeROH was 125 (NeROH>16 Mb), 186 (NeROH>8 Mb) and 370 (NeROH>4 Mb) indicating strict avoidance of close inbreeding in the population. The LD was used as an alternative method to infer the population history and the Ne. The results show a continuous decrease in NeLD, to 780, 120, and 80 for 100, 10, and 5 generations ago, respectively. Genomic selection was developed for and is working well in large breeds. The same methodology was applied in Tyrol Grey cattle, using different reference populations. Contrary to the expectations, the accuracy of GEBVs with very small within breed reference populations were very high, between 0.13-0.91 and 0.12-0.63, when estimated breeding values and deregressed breeding values were used as pseudo-phenotypes, respectively. Subsequent analyses confirmed the high accuracies being a consequence of low reliabilities of pseudo-phenotypes in the validation set, thus being heavily influenced by parent averages. Multi-breed and across breed reference sets gave inconsistent and lower accuracies. Genomic information may have a crucial role in management of small breeds, even if its primary usage differs from that of large breeds. It allows to assess relatedness between individuals, trends in inbreeding and to take decisions accordingly. These decisions would be based on the real genome architecture, rather than conventional pedigree information, which can be missing or incomplete. We strongly suggest the routine genotyping of all individuals that belong to a small breed in order to facilitate the effective management of endangered livestock populations.

Effects of season and ovarian status on the outcome of long-term progesterone-based estrus synchronization protocols and ovulatory follicle development in Santa Inês ewes under subtropical conditions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Especiação de cádmio (Cd) em citosol utilizando Saccharomyces cerevisiae e espectrometria de massas com plasma acoplado indutivamente (ICP-MS)

O cádmio (Cd) é um metal tóxico considerado não essencial nos organismos. As principais vias de exposição e contaminação pelo metal vem de atividades antrópicas. Há evidências suficientes de que o Cd e seus compostos são carcinogênicos, tendo como principais órgãos afetados: rins, ossos, pulmões e próstata. No citosol o Cd pode estar na forma livre (genericamente, como complexos inorgânicos lábeis) ou ligado com metalotioneinas (genericamente, ligado a proteínas). A relação do Cd (livre ou lábil) com patogenicidades faz com que seja de grande importância a elaboração de métodos para especiação do metal. Este projeto teve como objetivo propor um método para determinação seletiva do Cd lábil em baixas concentrações (μg L-1) utilizando um substrato biológico como material sorvente (S. cerevisiae). A utilização da S. cerevisiae tem sido recomendada para pré-concentração e especiação de metais em água e materiais biológicos. No entanto, estes métodos não proporcionam limites de detecção (LD) suficientes para determinação seletiva de Cd lábil em algumas situações, particularmente quando se procura estabelecer uma relação desta fração do metal com algumas patogenicidades. O método desenvolvido consiste, basicamente, em amostrar o Cd lábil no citosol pela levedura. Depois de digestão ácida em sistema pressurizado (micro-ondas) e/ou da eluição, a espécie retida pela levedura foi determinada por ICP-MS. O uso da ICP-MS permitiu atingir LD suficientes para detecção de Cd, sendo para retenção 0,004 μg L-1 e para a eluição 0,003 μg L-1

Experimentos com frenagem eletromagnética

In this work we study the behavior of the falling motion of neodymium magnets, inside conductive a metallic duct made of copper, aluminum, brass and bronze. We obtain, analyze and present results involving relationships between material and dynamical properties of falling neodymium magnets with the mechanical and electrical properties of conductive materials, such as mass, electrical resistivity, electrical conductivity, length and external diameter

Estudos fitoquímicos e avaliação do potencial anti-helmíntico da opuntia ficus-indica

Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS

O consumo de laticínios está associado à redução de triglicerídios e alterações na composição corporal de mulheres com sobrepeso e obesidade: um estudo de intervenção de 12 semanas

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Perfil tóxico-farmacológico da administração da doxorrubicina em cães com tumor venéreo transmissível

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Filmes de nanocompósitos de polímero condutor, nanopartículas de argila e nanopartículas de ouro para aplicação em sensores ambientais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação clínica do clareamento no consultório: técnica de aplicação única do agente clareador

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of two bleaching agents without changing the whitening gel during the clinic session 1X45minutos. 10 patients were selected according to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion and upper arch of the patients were divided into two quadrants (n: 10), G1: gel clareador Clàriant Office (hidrogênio35 Angellus) peroxide% (PH) in superior right side (LD) and the gel WhitenessHp Blue (FGM) PH 35% on the superior left side (LE. 2 clinical sessions were accomplished, 45 minutes each, with an interval of one week between sessions. At first the bleaching treatment patients received prophylaxis, molding to guide measurement of color with condensation silicon and the color evaluation through the apparel spectrophotometer VITA Easyshade (Vita Zhanfabrik, Alemanhã). 14 days after the end of the bleaching treatment was performed the measurement final color of the teeth. The patients reported sensitivity in scale 0-4. The result showed that through T Test comparing quadrants presented no statistical differences (p>0,05) in relation to coloration and dental sensibility. It can be concluded that the materials evaluated are effective for bleaching vital teeth with low tooth sensibility.

Doença de Lyme na região de cabeça e pescoço: implicações para a odontologia

Lyme disease (LD) is a systemic inflammatory changes resulting from the direct action of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi on the host or indirect damage produced by immune response to this microorganism. This pathogen is transmitted by inoculation in the bloodstream by the tick genus Ixodes and is most commonly found in North America, Europe and Asia. In these regions, the dental community is aware about its commonest clinical symptoms, collaborating with the establishment of a diagnosis. However, in Brazil, the frequent facial or peripheral neurological manifestations, among them the Bell's palsy, ocular disorders, disorders in the temporomandibular joint, as well as paresthesia of upper and lower alveolar nerves are observed. In our country, the diagnosis of Lyme disease is primarily based on clinical symptomatology, but most of cases remain without diagnosis and treatment. Then, the detection of the early manifestations of Lyme disease by health professionals is essential for the proper antibiotic treatment, preventing the progression of the disease, and allowing the establishment of favorable prognostic.

Implicações clínicas da doença de Lyme em região facial: revisão da literatura

Lyme disease (LD) is a systemic infl ammatory changes resulting from direct action and the immune response to the spirochete Borrelia burgdoferi transmitted by inoculation of the fl ow of the genus Ixodes tick and is most commonly found in North America, Europe and Asia. This disease can lead to facial and peripheral neurological manifestations, such as Bell’s palsy, eye changes, disorders in the temporo-mandibular joint in addition to paresthesia of superior and inferior alveolar nerves. In Brazil, the diagnosis of LD is primarily based on clinical presentation, the erythema migrans skin, and epidemiological information of the patient. Recognition of the onset of the DL by health professionals is essential for the correct antibiotic treatment preventing the progression of the disease, and also relevant preventive guidelines for those living or working in endemic areas.

Avaliação da redução de matéria orgânica do tratamento do efluente líquido deextração de fécula de mandioca por processo de biodigestão anaeróbia.

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment of cassava wastewater, separately from the root washing water, by means of ascending flux anaerobic digesters, with separation of the phases, without temperature control or addition of chemical products and to evaluate its suitability by means of its physical and chemical characteristics for throwing in receiving body, public sewage system or application in fertilization and irrigation. After reactors had been stabilized, essays were conducted varying feeding flow with 8.0, 12.0 and 16.0 Ld-1 corresponding to a hydraulic retention time of 8.17, 5.44 and 4.08 days, respectively. The best reduction for organic load reduction were obtained with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 8.17 and 5.44 days with mean efficiencies of 89.8 and 90.9%, respectively.

Aplicações folkcomunicacionais na publicidade

O presente trabalho faz uma análise de anúncios publicitários onde são utilizados elementos da folkcomunicação na construção da linguagem publicitária. Empregando a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental buscamos evidenciar quais são esses elementos e como eles são apropriados pela linguagem publicitária. Os conceitos da folkcomunicação, na área da publicidade, mostram que, na realidade, os “comunicadores folclóricos” traduzem os conteúdos complexos dos meios de comunicação de massa e os interpretam segundo valores tradicionais das camadas populares, conforme conceitos definidos por Luiz Beltrão. Essa tradução faz a aproximação com o público tão almejada pela publicidade, criando espaços de entendimento e de consumo dos bens ofertados. Nesta pesquisa, foi possível demonstrar como, em várias situações publicitárias, as apropriações dos conceitos folk são incorporados na e pela linguagem da publicidade.

Estudo genômico da produção de leite e seus constituintes em bovinos da raça Guzerá

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV