Fenômeno vivido por familiares de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva

COMASSETTO, Isabel, ENDERS, Bertha Cruz. Fenômeno vivido por familiares de pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem., Porto Alegre(RS), v.30,n., p.46-53. Mar. 2009. Disponivel em: < http://www.seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/RevistaGauchadeEnfermagem/search/results>.

Motivação para a Mudança em Doentes Alcoólicos

Este estudo tem como objectivo identificar os estádios de motivação em que se encontram os indivíduos com problemas relacionados com o álcool, quando se encontram internados para tratamento. Pretende-se ainda verificar se existe correlação entre o grau de dependência e o estádio em que se encontra o indivíduo. A população em estudo é composta por 40 indivíduos do sexo masculino, encontrando-se todos na primeira semana de tratamento. Para analisar a amostra, os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário sóciodemográfico, o questionário AUDIT que avalia o grau de dependência alcoólica, e os questionários RCQ e o EEM que avalia os estádios de motivação para a mudança. Este é um estudo quantitativo descritivo correlacional. Os resultados obtidos foram de que os indivíduos se encontravam no estádio de contemplação e que o grau dependência influenciava o estádio de mudança dos mesmos. / The main goal of this study is to identify the motivation stage in which the individuals with alcohol related problems are, while they were hospitalized. We also aim to verify if there is a correlation between the dependency level and the individual’s stage. Our sample has 40 male individuals that were in the first week of treatment. In order to analyze this sample, we have used a socio-demographic questionnaire, the AUDIT, as a tool that assesses the level of alcohol dependency, the RCQ e o EEM that evaluates the motivation stages to change. This is a quantitative descriptive correlational study. As results were obtained that individuals were in the contemplation stage and the dependence level influenced the stage of change of the individuals.

Should I stay or should I go – Factors associated with hospitalization risk among older persons in Sweden

An increasingly older population will most likely lead to greater demands on the health care system, as older age is associated with an increased risk of having acute and chronic conditions. The number of diseases or disabilities is not the only marker of the amount of health care utilized, as persons may seek hospitalization without a disease and/or illness that requires hospital healthcare. Hospitalization may pose a severe risk to older persons, as exposure to the hospital environment may lead to increased risks of iatrogenic disorders, confusion, falls and nosocomial infections, i.e., disorders that may involve unnecessary suffering and lead to serious consequences. Aims: The overall aim of this thesis was to describe and explore individual trajectories of cognitive development in relation to hospitalization and risk factors for hospitalization among older persons living in different accommodations in Sweden and to explore older persons' reasons for being transferred to a hospital. Methods: The study designs were longitudinal, prospective and descriptive, and both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Specifically, latent growth curve modelling was used to assess the association of cognitive development with hospitalization. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyse factors associated with hospitalization risk overtime. In addition, an explorative descriptive design was used to explore how home health care patients experienced and perceived their decision to seek hospital care. Results: The most common reasons for hospitalization were cardiovascular diseases, which caused more than one-quarter of first hospitalizations among the persons living in ordinary housing and nursing home residents (NHRs). The persons who had been hospitalized had a lower mean level of cognitive performance in general cognition, verbal, spatial/fluid, memory and processing speed abilities compared to those who had not been hospitalized. Significantly steeper declines in general cognition, spatial/fluid and processing speed abilities were observed among the persons who had been hospitalized. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the number of diseases, number of drugs used, having experienced a fall and being assessed as malnourished according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment scale were related to an increased hospitalization risk among the NHRs. Among the older persons living in ordinary housing, the risk factors for hospitalization were related to marital status, i.e., unmarried persons and widows/widowers had a decreased hospitalization risk. In addition, among social factors, receipt of support from relatives was related to an increased hospitalization risk, while receipt of support from friends was related to a decreased risk. The number of illnesses was not associated with the hospitalization risk for older persons in any age group or for those of either sex, when controlling for other variables. The older persons who received home health care described different reasons for their decisions to seek hospital care. The underlying theme of the home health care patients’ perceptions of their transfer to a hospital involved trust in hospitals. This trust was shared by the home health care patients, their relatives and the home health care staff, according to the patients. Conclusions: This thesis revealed that middle-aged and older persons who had been hospitalized exhibited a steeper decline in cognition. Specifically, spatial/fluid, processing speed, and general cognitive abilities were affected. The steeper decline in cognition among those who had been hospitalized remained even after controlling for comorbidities. The most common causes of hospitalization among the older persons living in ordinary housing and in nursing homes were cardiovascular diseases, tumours and falls. Not only health-related factors, such as the number of diseases, number of drugs used, and being assessed as malnourished, but also social factors and marital status were related to the hospitalization risk among the older persons living in ordinary housing and in nursing homes. Some risk factors associated with hospitalization differed not only between the men and women but also among the different age groups. The information provided in this thesis could be applied in care settings by professionals who interact with older persons before they decide to seek hospital care. To meet the needs of an older population, health care systems need to offer the proper health care at the most appropriate level, and they need to increase integration and coordination among health care delivered by different care services.

Uma experiência com a Global Trigger Tool no estudo dos eventos adversos num serviço de medicina

Enquadramento: A prestação de cuidados de saúde está associada aos eventos adversos (EA) que causam dano nos doentes internados em hospitais. Objetivos: Estudar os EA num serviço de Medicina. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, descritivo observacional retrospetivo, de 1 de setembro a 31 de dezembro de 2014 num serviço de medicina do Centro Hospitalar do Algarve. Para identificar os EA utilizou-se a Global Trigger Tool (GTT). Listaram-se os doentes que tiveram alta hospitalar no período de 1 de janeiro a 30 de setembro do ano 2014. Resultados: A concordância entre as revisoras, relativamente à classificação dos EA, através do índice de Kappa, demonstrou ser perfeita. Identificaram-se 278 triggers, dos quais 124 resultaram em EA, 44,6% dos EA ocorreram durante o internamento e 9,4% dos doentes apresentavam EA no momento de admissão. Constataram-se 62,63 EA por 1000 doentes dia, 137,8 EA por 100 admissões e, em 31,1% dos casos, ocorreu um EA durante o internamento. Conclusão: A metodologia GTT é uma ferramenta útil no estudo dos EA no contexto hospitalar.

L’expérience maternelle d’une hospitalisation prolongée avec alitement lors d’une grossesse à risque élevé

Cette étude qualitative visait à décrire l’expérience de mères québécoises vivant une grossesse à risque élevé dans le contexte d’une hospitalisation prolongée avec alitement et leur appréciation des soins reçus, deux aspects peu étudiés jusqu’à maintenant. Des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées ont été effectuées auprès de huit mères hospitalisées et alitées depuis 30 jours en moyenne. Un devis qualitatif d’inspiration phénoménologique (Giorgi 1997, 2009) a été utilisé pour l’analyse des données, d’où a émergé 24 sous-thèmes, sept thèmes et deux énoncés descriptifs. Les résultats de recherche mettent en évidence la réalité évolutive et complexe des mères dans laquelle elles rapportent : 1) Passer du choc à l’ennui, du chaos à la réorganisation et de l’incompréhension à la compréhension ; 2) Avoir une nouvelle vie remplie de contraintes, de difficultés et de craintes ; 3) Vivre essentiellement des émotions négatives ; 4) Être orientée vers le futur tout en persévérant dans le présent. Les mères qualifient les soins prénataux reçus de techniques routinières, peu nombreuses et faciles à exécuter. Ils comportent deux principales lacunes : les oublis occasionnels et l’absence d’activités prénatales éducatives. Le manque de régularité et de constance dans l’assignation des infirmières aux mères hospitalisées est aussi relevé. Toutefois, à travers ces lacunes, les participantes soulignent les grandes forces du personnel soignant : l’humanisme, la gentillesse et la compétence. Les résultats de cette étude offrent une description approfondie de l’expérience subjective de huit mères, laquelle permet de perfectionner les connaissances des professionnels de la santé et de les sensibiliser davantage à ce vécu. Ces retombées peuvent contribuer à humaniser et à améliorer les soins périnataux actuels.

Factors affecting the prognosis of Albanian adult patients with generalized tetanus

Background. Despite systematic vaccination of the population, tetanus continues to be a health problem in Albania, as in some other developing countries. In this study, our intent was to evaluate prognostic factors relating to death in adult patients with generalized tetanus. Methodology and patients. All the patients (60) included in the study were hospitalized at the regional hospitals of Shkodra and Korça, and the University Hospital Centre “Mother Theresa” of Tirana, Albania, during the period of 1984-2004. They had a mean age of 49.1+14.4 years, 43 (71.7%) were males and 40 (66.6%) of them lived in rural areas. The mean incubation period was 12 days and the case-fatality rate (CFR) was 38.3%. Results. The CFR in patients with an onset period ≥2 days was 21.7% and in those with <2 days was 48.6%, OR=0.29 (p<0.05). Patients >50 years old had a CFR=60.87% (OR=7, p<0.05). We found the high CFR to be significantly associated with urban residency, male gender, complicated wound, head localization, fever ≥ 38.4 °C, tachycardia > 120 beats/min, and hypertension. Discussion. The main prognostic factor of those analyzed in our study appeared to be the onset period and the age of the patients. We didn’t find significant differences in CFR in patients with different incubation periods. Clinicians must take into account that wound complication and localization, tachycardia and hypertension, high fever, male gender and urban residency significantly influence the prognoses of adults with generalized tetanus.

Small bowel mesentery solitary fibrous tumor. A rare neoplasia in a young male

Extrapleural Solitary Fibrous Tumors (SFT), in particular small bowel mesentery SFTs, are extremely rare neoplasms. We describe the case of a young male hospitalized for unspecific abdominal symptoms and evidence of a well-circumscribed mass arising from the small bowel mesentery. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis on the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of SFT. A Pubmed search revealed only another case of small bowel mesentery SFT, confirming the extremely rarity of this tumor.