Poaia [Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stoves]: aspectos da memória cultural dos poaieiros de Cáceres - Mato Grosso, Brasil

O Brasil está entre os principais exportadores de poaia [Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stoves] seguido do Panamá e Costa Rica. A poaia brasileira apresenta alto valor farmacológico das raízes devido aos teores de emetina e cefalina. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever como as famílias de poaieiros mantém a memória cultural sobre a Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stoves. As informações foram coletadas no município de Cáceres, Mato Grosso, através de entrevista estruturada e observação participante com 20 homens e 10 mulheres, de faixa etária de 45 a 86 anos. Foram citadas as formas de utilização na alimentação para animais, inseticida, carrapaticida, emético, contra diarréias, para alívio de dor de cabeça, contra malária, bronquite e dor no estômago. A raiz é a parte mais usada e a forma de preparo é tintura ou misturada ao fumo, ao vinho ou à cachaça. Poucos entrevistados passaram aos filhos o conhecimento sobre a P. ipecacuanha. A memória cultural sobre a P. ipecacuanha deve-se a vivência, extração e comercialização da planta, e por ouvir as conversas dos pais com amigos. A perda de conhecimento associado a poaia é causada pelo êxodo rural, destruição do habitat com o desmatamento e ocupação agrícola. A extinção da espécie na região contribui para a erosão cultural.

Aspectos morfologicos da Planicie Amazonica na Ilha de Tupinambarana (Amazonia-Brasil).

The Island is bordered by Amazon and Madeira rivers and by Uraria furo. The alluvial bars show the evolution phases of these big rivers on the fluvial plain. The lacustrine deltas are another morphologic feature. Within the lakes it is possible to observe streams with great density of sediments, when the flood phases of the Amazon create internal deltas and lake bedforms.-from English summary

Habitat, distribuição e aspectos adaptativos de peixes da microbacia do ribeirão Grande, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

The ichthyofauna of ribeirão Grande microbasin that runs through one of the few remaining fragments of Atlantic Forest (in Mantiqueira mountain range, Valley of Paraíba) was studied. Fish samples were obtained with an electric fishing powered by a maximum capacity generator of 155 V and 60-Hz alterning current, gill-nets and traps. In three collecting days, during July/2001, October/2001, January/2002 and April/2002, 2865 fishes were sampled. These fishes belonged to 12 families, 23 genera and 37 species. The species were more abundant between the piedmont and the plain of the Valley of Paraíba. The Characidium, Trichomycterus genera and the Imparfinis minutus species presented only one ovary or testis and no swim bladder. The ecological significance of morphological features in stream mountain fishes was used to predict the niche adaptation for those conditions, towards K-strategy.

Aspectos da reprodução no gênero Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 (Crenuchidae, Characidiinae), na microbacia do Ribeirão Grande, serra da Mantiqueira, sudeste do Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Tributación ambiental, macroeconomía y medio ambiente en América Latina: aspectos conceptuales y el caso de Brasil

Incluye Bibliografía

Desafíos y propuestas para la implementación más efectiva de instrumentos económicos en la gestión ambiental de América Latina y el Caribe. Estudios de caso: Brasil, Subregión Caribe, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, México, Venezuela

Incluye Bibliografía

La población económicamente activa en las actividades agrícolas en Brasil y México: un análisis a partir de los censos económicos y de la población

Incluye Bibliografía

Aspectos técnicos e econômicos da poda e do controle químico de Brevipalpus phoenicis no manejo da leprose dos citros

The objective of this study was to evaluate different citrus leprosis management tactics during seven seasons, based in pruning and acaricide applications, considering technical and economic aspects of each tactic. The trial was conducted from October 2003 to August 2010 in an orange plantation of Pera cv. located in the municipality of Reginópolis-SP, Brazil. The plants of citrus used were12 years old and grafted onto Cleopatra tangerine. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme, made up of factors type of pruning (A), with six levels: (1) drastic pruning, (2) intermediate pruning without leprosis lesions, (3) intermediate pruning with leprosis lesions (4) light pruning, (5) without pruning and (6) replant; acaricide applications factor (B), with three levels: (1) without acaricides applications, (2) with lime sulfur applications and (3) spirodiclofen or cyhexatin applied in rotation; pruning factor to remove leprosis symptomatic branches (C), with two levels: (1) with pruning for removal, (2) without removal pruning. The combination of factors, with respective levels (6 x 3 x 2), resulted in 36 treatments that were repeated four times, with each parcel being made up of three plants in a row. After seven years, it was observed that the types of the pruning and remove of leprosis symptomatic branches used as single management tactic, is not sufficient to leprosis control. Therefore, the results demonstrated that for leprosis management, it is essential the association between tactics, especially the control mite vector. For ensuring the citrus production economically, the use of acaricides highly efficient is essential in B. phoenicis control. The recommendation of the type of pruning should be in function of the leprosis incidence and severity in the orchard. In orchards with low leprosis incidence and severity the light pruning is more appropriate, because it is efficient and ensures greater financial balance. However, in orchards with high leprosis incidence and severity it is indicated the severe pruning for reducing or eliminating inoculum source. Between the severe prunings, the intermediate pruning with leprosis lesions is the most relevant, because the financial return will be faster. Replant is indicated only for young orchards, because does not imply in changes onto cultural practices.

Aspectos de la adaptación de los migrantes rurales a las condiciones urbano-industriales de Sao Paulo, Brasil = Aspects of the adjustment of rural migrants to urban-industrial conditions in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Los documentos del Seminario fueron publicados por UNESCO en 1961 con el título: La urbanización en América Latina/Urbanization in Latin America

Aspectos físicos e sociais da geografia da disponibilidade hídrica municipal no Brasil

In managing water resources, indexes are used to simplify and quantify available information as well as report the characteristics of a region under study. These indexes may be extremely demanding concerning information required, or very simple, and the water poverty index and Falkenmark index are examples of both extreme situations, respectively. Searching for an index that considers regional and local complexities and information available in developing countries, a new index was developed to evaluate the population accessibility to water resources. This new index combines the Human Development Index and Falkenmark Index and geographic information systems. The results are presented in figures which show the situation at national level, highlighting that the Northeast and Southeast regions are the most vulnerable in Brazil.

Informe del Seminario-Taller sobre Aspectos Ambientales y Económicos de la Gestión de Residuos Industriales

Contiene la asistencia, organizacion de los trabajos y resumen de los debates sobre los problemas ambientales y el desarrollo industrial; problemas asociados a la generacion de residuos en diversas experiencias nacionales; la politica ambiental en relacion a la gestion de residuos; el sector industrial, la localizacion y el desarrollo tecnologico en la gestion de los residuos.

Cambio, estratificación y contraste regional en Brasil: análisis de algunos aspectos de la estructura socioeconómica

Incluye Bibliografía