Estudo de filme fino modificado por eletropolimerização de fenotiazina em FTO (óxido de estanho dopado com flúor) para construção de sensor eletroquímico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo do conteúdo de partículas inorgânicas, da contração de polimerização e da resistência à flexão de materiais restauradores estéticos diretos indicados para dentes posteriores

Recentemente, foram lançados no mercado odontológico novos materiais estéticos para restaurações diretas em dentes posteriores, aos quais são atribuídas propriedades mais adequadas para essa indicação. Entretanto, as informações disponíveis são ainda muito escassas, gerando dúvidas quanto à sua real eficácia, sobre quais as diferenças de suas composições e propriedades físicas e mecânicas em relação aos materiais até então disponíveis e se, de fato, apresentam melhor performance clínica. Em vista do exposto, nos propusemos a estudar contração de polimerização, resistência à flexão e concentração de partículas inorgânicas, por massa e volume, de sete resinas compostas (Alert, Ariston, Solitaire, Definite, Filtek P60, Z-100 e Tetric Ceram). A contração de polimerização foi medida nos materiais inseridos em um anel plástico, e o registro das alterações, durante a polimerização, foi feito por meio de instrumento eletrônico de medida linear, que registra as alterações dimensionais, com sensibilidade de 1 mm. A resistência à flexão foi medida na máquina de ensaios mecânicos MTS 810 e a confecção dos corpos-de-prova e dos dispositivos para o ensaio foi orientada pela norma ISO no 4049:1988. A determinação do conteúdo de partículas inorgânicas por massa foi feita através da pesagem de uma porção de resina composta polimerizada antes e após a eliminação da fase orgânica em forno, à temperatura de 700oC. O porcentual volumétrico de partículas inorgânicas foi calculado com base no Princípio de Arquimedes. Foi determinado o volume da resina composta polimerizada, antes e após a eliminação da fase orgânica, pela diferença da massa do material pesado ao ar e imerso em água. Os dados de conteúdo de partículas inorgânicas por massa e por volume, de contração de polimerização e resistência à flexão foram submetidos...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Caracterização do meio físico para definição de traçado e manutenção de multidutos na região do Vale do Paraíba

The present study characterizes the physical environment for its fragility and its capacity to support, through geological and geomorphological properties in the study area, concerning primarily with a sustainable environmental planning for the construction and maintenance of buried linear works. The study area is located on a portion of the Paraiba Valley, which is between the latitudes 22 °30' S and 23°00' S and longitudes 44°30' W and 45° 15' W, between cities of Aparecida (SP) and Queluz (SP). The methodology was based in the visual interpretation of TM/Landsat-7 images, using as a criterion the element textural image and its way of organizing space. To do so, it was set five levels of textural density, enabling thus to the partitioning of the area in areas counterparts (Z.H.s). As a result, it was identified 133 Z.H.s. By using the same criterion textural image the following physical properties were classified: Erosion Resistance, Permeability, Plasticity X Brittle, Tropia and Relief Asymmetry for each zone counterpart, and then grouped themselves as they hold all properties equal in Units Geoenvironmental (U.G.s). As a result it was identified 18 U.G.s. The work presents, as a final result, a thematic map with favorable or restrictable sectores to the design of buried linear works. Based on this map, it can be propose traces to buried linear works, analyzing their suitability to the physical environment and reducing the impacts caused to the environment.

Painel particulado composto por casca de eucalipto na camada intermediária

This work was developed to evalute the physical and mechanical properties of a panel of three particle layers from the test specification of NBR 14810-3 (2006), using wood of Eucalyptus sp. and Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus urograndis bark. The mechanical properties were evaluated to obtain the bending modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) and Internal bond. The physical properties were obtained thickness sweeling, water absorption, moisture content and board density. Were evaluated four different compositions of panels containing 5, 10, 15 and 20% in the inner layer of bark. The results were compared with the Brazilian standard NBR 14810-2 (2006) and also with studies in the literature. The panels produced were adequate to all the optimal values suggested by the standard only in the composition with 5% skin in the inner layer. The other treatments showed satisfactory results in all tests except for moisture content

Modelo tectono-estrutural dos campos de petróleo Namorado, Cherne e Albacora

The main goal in this research is a tectono-estructural characterization of the Cherne, Albacora and Namorado Fields, located at Campos Basin, in order to investigate the relationship between the geologic evolution and the rock´s physical properties of the reservoir, and how they affect the hydrocarbon accumulation in those fields. Well correlations show that the inferior turbidites have a regional lateral continuity. Basic petrophysics analysis, calculated here, shows that the three fields present porosity values that range from 15 to 20%, shale volume range from 26 to 30% and formation water saturation range from 23 to 45%, based on formation water resistivity dada from Albacora Field. Petrophysics maps feature a trend in Albacora Field that increase the porosity values to SE, and in Cherne and Namorado Field the trend increase towards N. Seismic horizons where interpreted between the first appearance of the Namorado Sandstone and the top of Quissamã Formation. This interval presents normal listric faulting, in Cherne and Namorado Field with NWSE and NE-SW direction, and sedimentation trend to NW-SE, in Albacora Field the faulting presents a NNE-SSW and N-S direction, with a sedimentation trend to NE-SW. Seismic attribute maps present amplitude anomalies close to the producing wells, and on Namorado Field, it indicates a potential hydrocarbon accumulation in the NE region. For each field is indicated laboratory tests for a better characterization of the petrophysical properties, since that they don’t form the same reservoir level, therefore, not influencing the water saturation calculation

Ensaios não destrutivos: metrologia e calibração

To perform the quality control of various industries like: petrochemical, nuclear, aerospace, steel, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, and inspection of welded products, castings, forgings, rolled products, among others, used the method of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). The method is based on the physical properties of the material, so selecting a procedure more appropriate. The company Inter-Metro Serviços Especiais Ltda., with its cutting-edge laboratory, dedicated to the implementation of calibration services and measurement equipment for industrial, medical, occupational safety and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). It has a trained team, providing guidance and providing support for improving procedures for testing and measuring

Ótica e a visão humana

Optics consists in the study of interaction of light with physical systems. The human vision is a product of the interaction of light with the eye (a very peculiar physical system). Here we present a basic study of the relationship between the optics and human vision, including: - The fundaments and physicals properties who characterize the light and the colors and the characteristics of the incidence mediums. - The basics laws of geometrical optics, based in the rectilinear propagation of light in the form of a light ray, in the independence of light rays and in the principle of reversibility of the light beams. This principle is present in the process of image formations in lenses and mirrors and applied in the study of image formation in the human eye. - The refraction and reflection laws and types of lenses, who permits the construction of optics devices for the study of physical universe, and the appliances to correct vision diseases. - Presents the human vision process as consisting in the reception of light (electromagnetic radiation in the zone of wavelength visible to us) through the eye and the sending of information obtained by the retina to the brain where it is interpreted. The vision involves a biophysical relation between the light and the biological structure of the eye who is constituted by cornea, iris, crystalline and retina. Analyzes is made of how some parts of the eye performs a function in the reception and sending of information of the images to the brain

Estudo, construção e caracterização de diodos orgânicos tipo Schttky

During the twentieth century the inorganic electronics was largely developed being present in various industrial equipment or household use. However, at the end of that century were verified electronic properties in organic compounds, giving rise to the field of organic electronics. Since then, the physical properties of elementary devices such as diodes and organic transistors have been studied. In this work was studied the properties of diode devices fabricated with a semiconductor polymer, the poly-o-methoxyaniline (POMA). Devices containing electrodes of Au and Al were fabricated with semiconductor polymer of different doping levels. We found that the rectifying behavior for the heterojunctions metal/polimer are reached only for high doping level (with conductivity greater than 1,77. 10-9 S / cm), which gives the devices characteristic of a Schottky diode. The rectifying behavior was observed for electric fields of low magnitude, below the operating field (~ 600 V/cm), while for electric field greater than 600 V/cm the a linear behavior I vs.V was obtained. We determined that this Ohmic behavior arises from the charge transport over the volume of the semiconductor material after the lowering of the metal/semiconductor barrier. In devices with weakly doped semiconductor, the electrical resistance of the volume becomes high and the process of charge transportation is dominated by the volume, for any intensity of the applied electric field

Determinação de metais em água produzida de petróleo

In order to enable the reuse of the large surplus volume of petroleum produced water for irrigation of crops inedible, the quality evaluation of this water is very important. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the diffusive gradient in thin films technique (DGT) for the determination of labile Cu (II), Mn (II) and Zn (II) in petroleum produced water destined to reuse in agriculture. Samples were collected at the exit of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (after separation oil/water and flotation) of a Petrobrás onshore production region. Basically, the laboratory experiments with DGT devices involved the evaluation of the behavior of the main variables of the technique for determination of analytes in the samples (diffusion coefficients, immersion time, fractionation of organic and inorganic species, and performance of diffusion gels with different porosities, among others). Also, experiments were conducted based on the solid phase extraction (SPE) protocol with Chelex- 100 resin using previously established protocols to support the study. During the project the possibility of in situ immersions in water treatment plants was evaluated. The DGT technique presented satisfactory results for determination of Mn in produced water, and can be used for in situ determinations. However, the results obtained for Cu and Zn show the need of additional studies

Estudo da propagação de trinca por fadiga sob carregamento de amplitude variável

For engineering projects that require high reliability levels, is often not enough know only physical and chemical material properties. It’s necessary understand the failure mode of these materials in operation to ensure security level in the project and establish more stringent criteria in the analysis of structural integrity. Due to this need, aircraft industry has been using aluminum alloys in their designs and projects. “Currently more than 70% of aircraft structures are built of high strength aluminum alloys among which stand out 7075-T6 and 2024-T3 alloys, which are considered basics for being used in the new alloys development.” (PASTOUKHOV & VOORWALD, 1995). Some years ago ALCOA develops Al 2524 alloy that has emerged as refinement of Al 2024 (Al, Cu. Mg) alloy, with purpose of improve fracture toughness and fatigue resistance on structural components. The present research addresses testing of fatigue crack propagation under variable amplitude loading for Al 2024 alloy, observing the interaction effects from application of overhead blocks and plastic zone at the crack tip and makes an analysis of fracture surface images

Incorporação do lodo da estação de tratamento de água (ETA II) do município de Rio Claro-SP, na argila, para produção de cerâmica vermelha

The slugde from decanters in Water Treatment Plants (WTP) has different composition varying, according to the region, coagulant type and dosages, the plant layout. In this work, the physical characterization of the sludge generated from decenties (ETAII the municipality of Rio Claro, Brazil), the manufacture of bodies of evidence-sludge mixture of clay (with humidity of 8% and concentrations of sludge, 5, 15 and 30%) the testing technology after burning the mixture to a temperature of 950 ° C were investigated. The main aim assess the possibility of its use as raw material in the ceramic red production. For comparison of the obtained results it was used values of the testing technology of bodies of evidence only with clay, prepared under the same conditions. In general, the addition of sludge from ETA made worse the properties of the ceramic body, however, the values obtained from the tests on the concentration of 5% of sludge, still remain within the acceptable limits for the production of red pottery pieces.

Caracterização física e mecânica de compensado produzido com dois diferentes adesivos em duas variações de pressão de prensagem

The adhesives used in the production of engineered boards have been object of study over the years in order to improve the properties of the boards with less energy consumption, lower production costs and reduced environmental impact. In addition to that, process variables may affect the properties of the board. The present study aimed to characterize sheets of plywood, manufactured with two types of adhesives, under two different pressing conditions. The adhesives used for the study were Phenol-formaldehyde and Polyurethane castor oil based. The pressure of pressing was varied in a range from 75 to 160 Bar, in order to verify how they influence the physical and mechanical properties of the board. The tests performed resulted in a conclusion that shows that the moister content of the veneers interferes on the physical and mechanical tests. In general, boards produced with polyurethane resin showed superior physical and mechanical results; although the ones produced with phenol formaldehyde at a pressure of 75 Bar had always equal or higher values, compared to what is found in literature

Considerações sobre a presença e características do tema água nas Propostas Curriculares para o ensino de Química/2009, do Estado de São Paulo

This study sought to raise the water issue is addressed in the teaching of chemistry in public schools through the notebooks Curricular Proposal of the State of Sao Paulo. First we tried to do a survey of knowledge related to construction of the concept of historical perspective, the physical and chemical properties, their importance to man and the particulars of the national curriculum for this subject. The methodology used was qualitative, descriptive and documentary. We analyzed the books for the first, second and third marking periods and the three series (the 4th book had not yet been distributed). As expected the first scenario, the proposed curriculum addresses the topic in greater depth in only one of the notebooks of the second year of high school. The approaches are no longer linked to health issues and the environment, cross-cutting issues considered by the NCP and important for students to make associations between the chemical content and their daily lives. We conclude that the contract should be evaluated by teachers and that their use should be involved in drawing up a plan that takes into account the aspects that seem incomplete. We also emphasize that although the proposal is interesting from the standpoint of teaching, teachers need training to its full use in the classroom

Análise física da estrutura do tecido ósseo bovino

There are diseases in vertebrates associated with the structure of bone tissue that directly affect the locomotor system of the animal. Being a endoskeleton, the diagnosis of these diseases becomes difficult in vivo. The characterization of the physical structure of the bone tissue of healthy animals becomes a major tool in the diagnosis comparison of live animals. Thus, the objective of this work is to determine the average value of the key physical properties of the bone structure used in the clinical diagnosis, such as: bone density, porosity, and mass attenuation coefficient of 59.6 keV photons of bone tissue and bovine and equine check variations in these values. The samples were provided by the pathology department of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny of Botucatu-SP, which are of one male equine and one female bovine animals, using the radio and metacarpus, together with these materials were supplied the historic them. They were withdrawn ten samples in cuts of 10cm over the bone . These samples were submitted to the wet method of immersion in water for the density, by the method of attenuation of gamma radiation of radioisotope 241Am, it is estimated the mass attenuation coefficient, and then were dried in the oven for determining the content moisture. In determining the porosity of the samples was tight ground, in order to obtain the density of particles. The results for the mass attenuation coefficient of gamma radiation to the levels of saturated humidity, environment humidity, dry humidity respectively 0289 ± 0039; 0286 ± 0040 and 0297 ± 0042. And the density of particles was 2.2691 g/cm3

Estudo dos parâmetros físicos na fluidização em um leito gás sólido

Through measurements of basic parameters for determining the fluidization regime, as particle size, minimum fluidization velocity, bed porosity, etc., This paper analyze the mass distribution of the phases of the bed to be discussed in relation to: the flow gas physical properties of the solid particles and the forces acting on the solid particles circulating within the bed, as the weight force, buoyancy and drag forces (Stokes' Law). Due to the weight force is constant, open up the discussion about which of the other two forces, buoyancy and drag force, influencing the behavior of the bed. We used the photographic method to realize the statistical analyzes. Therefore, we can conclude what changes can be made more convenient in fluidizing the bed to obtain the highest efficiency for a good mixing used in industrial processes