Desenvolvimento de argamassa para restauração utilizando resíduo do polimento do porcelanato

The coatings mortars are essential elements of building structures because they execute an important role in protecting walls and are particularly exposed to aggressive action responsible for its degradation over time. The importance of wall coverings has been the subject of discussion and analysis in the conservation and rehabilitation of old buildings. Are sometimes removed and replaced with inappropriate solutions of constructive point of view or architecture. The most commonly used coatings on walls of old buildings is based on traditional hydraulic lime mortars. The present study aims at the formulation of new lime- based mortars and aerial fine aggregate, in order to contribute to a better field of conservation and restoration mortar coating of old buildings. Residue was used for polishing porcelain as fine aggregate, replacing the aggregate (sand), in percentages 05-30% by mass. We conducted a thorough evaluation of the mortar properties in fresh and hardened state by comparing the performance of the same with a reference mortar. The residue used was characterized as the density, bulk density, and particle size laser, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. Formulations were produced 7, 6 with residue and one commonly used formulation, which served as a reference. In the formulations of lime mortars air (hydrated lime powder CH-I) has been adopted a stroke volume (1:3) with constant binder, was varied and the water / binder and aggregate and waste. For evaluation of mortars fresh, proceeded to consistency analysis, specific gravity, water retention and air content embedded. In the hardened state assays were performed in specific gravity, water retention, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength in bending, compressive strength, water absorption by capillary action, adhesion, tensile strength, resistance to shrinkage and salts by of crystallization trials with resources chloride solution, nitrate and sulfate all sodium in prismatic at 90 days of age, in addition to the micro structural analysis of mortars. Based on the results we can see that the mortar formulated with 10% content of waste and the reference free retraction feature more stable closer to neutrality. The composition of 10% was obtained better performance against the action of the salt crystallization. The mortar with 15% residue obtained better density, lower air content embedded and high capacity for water retention developing good workability. The replacement of 20% of waste generates a satisfactory utilization of resistance to compression, flexion and traction grip the base. And, finally, it can be seen that the mortar with 10, 15 and 20% residual show, in principle, good suitability as coatings, thus enabling a final result consistent with durability, workability and aesthetics developing therefore a material with better performance to repair or replace existing mortars in old buildings

Argamassas do grupo escolar Augusto Severo/RN: caracterização e incidência de manifestações patológicas

The search for cultural heritage preservation should be a constant, in order to minimize the lost of historical and cultural identity of a country. As part of this cultural heritage, highlights the importance of historical buildings. For the principles of restoration are met its important to know the state of conservation and the existing materials. Given the above, this work aims to study the pathological manifestations of the mortar coating from the Grupo Escolar Augusto Severo. For this, was conducted historical survey of the building, on-site visits with visual observation, collecting samples of mortar coating and characterization through visual and laboratory analysis, XRF, XRD, TG/DTG, OM and SEM-EDS. From the observations, pathological manifestations were found as: cracks, detachment of the coating, dirt, use of inappropriate material basis of cement, efflorescence, mold and mildew and also incompatible material base of cement. It was found that the pathological manifestations were intensified due to lack of coverage in some spots and especially the abandonment of the building, that many years does not have restoration or any other type of preventive and corrective maintenance. The results of laboratory tests indicated that the mortars studied are based on lime, with calcitic nature, and siliceous aggregate, with the presence of clay in two samples. From the samples collected, two are composed of lime, sand and clay and two by lime and sand. In this regard, it is important to conduct periodic inspections and maintenance, as well as carrying out restoration with use of material compatible with the original

Avaliação dos modelos de predição de propagação para telefonia móvel celular na cidade do Natal

The development of wireless telecommunication in the last years has been great. It has been taking academics to conceive new ideas and techniques. Their aims are to increase the capacity and the quality of the system s services. Cells that are smaller every time, frequencies that are every time higher and environments that get more and more complex, all those facts deserve more accurate models the propagation prediction techniques are inserted in this context and results with a merger of error that is compatible with the next generations of communication systems. The objective of this Work is to present results of a propagation measurement campaign, aiming at pointing the characteristics of the mobile systems covering in the city of Natal (state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil). A mobile laboratory was set up, using the infra-structure available and frequently used by ANATEL. The measures were taken in three different areas: one characterized by high buildings, high relief, presence of trees and towers of different highs. These areas covered the city s central zone, a suburban / rural zone and a section of coast surrounded by sand dunes. It is important to highlight that the analysis was made taking into consideration the actual reality of cellular systems with covering ranges by reduced cells, with the intent of causing greater re-use of frequencies and greater capacity of telephone traffic. The predominance of telephone traffic by cell in the city of Natal occurs within a range inferior to 3 (three) km from the Radio-Base Station. The frequency band used was 800 MHz, corresponding to the control channels of the respective sites, which adopt the FSK modulation technique. This Dissertation starts by presenting a general vision of the models used for predicting propagation. Then, there is a description of the methodology used in the measuring, which were done using the same channels of control of the cellular system. The results obtained were compared with many existing prediction models, and some adaptations were developed by using regression techniques trying to obtain the most optimized solutions. Furthermore, according to regulations from the old Brazilian Holding Telebrás, a minimum covering of 90% of a determined previously area, in 90% of the time, must be obeyed when implanting cellular systems. For such value to be reached, considerations and studies involving the specific environment that is being covered are important. The objective of this work is contribute to this aspect

The correlation between thermal comfort in buildings and fashion products

This article is about thermal comfort in the wearable product. The research correlates fashion and architecture, in so far as it elects the brise soleil - an architectural element capable of regulating temperature and ventilation inside buildings - as a study referential, in trying to transpose and adapt its mechanisms to the wearable apparel.

PCM thermal insulation in buildings

This paper presents the results of a numerical and experimental study of phase change material (PCM) filled walls and roofs under real operational conditions to achieve passive thermal comfort. The numerical part of the study was based on a one-dimensional model for the phase change problem controlled by pure conduction. Real radiation data was used to determine the external face temperature. The numerical treatment was based upon using finite difference approximations and the ADI scheme. The results obtained were compared with field measurements. The experimental set-up consisted of a small room with movable roof and side wall. The roof was constructed in the traditional way but with the phase change material enclosed. Thermocouples were distributed across the cross section of the roof. Another roof, identical but without the PCM, was also used during comparative tests. The movable wall was also constructed as is done traditionally but with the PCM enclosed. Again, thermocouples were distributed across the wall thickness to enable measurement of the local temperatures. Another wall, identical but without the PCM, was also used during comparative tests. The PCM used in the numerical and experimental tests was composed of a mixture of two commercial grades of glycol in order to obtain the required fusion temperature range. Comparison between the simulation results and the experiments indicated good agreement. Field tests also indicated that the PCM used was adequate and that the concept was effective in maintaining the indoor temperature very close to the established comfort limits. Further economical analysis indicated that the concept could effectively help in reducing the electric energy consumption and improving the energy demand pattern. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Evaluation of a potential hydroelectric project as an addition to an existing power system

Includes bibliography

Información para la gestión de riesgo de desastres: Estudio de caso de cinco países: Chile

Incluye Bibliografía

Avaliação de impacto ambiental do cemitério Jardim dos Lírios do município de Bauru - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Gestão energética e ambiental de edificações: avaliação de metodologias para certificação

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Construção fragmentada: uma análise gerencial dos processos construtivos do complexo de prédios do Instituto de Educação Matemática e Científica (IEMCI) da UFPA

Nos últimos anos, a Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), entre outras providências importantes, tem investido significativamente na reestruturação e expansão de seus campi, com a construção de novos prédios, ampliação e reforma dos já existentes. Como na maioria das IFES, porém, na UFPA não existe estrutura e tempo suficientes para que a equipe técnica responsável possa gerenciar e executar os projetos executivos, acompanhar e fiscalizar as obras de construção e manutenção. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma análise gerencial dos processos construtivos da UFPA, tomando por base a obra do Complexo de prédios do Instituto de Educação Matemática e Científica (IEMCI) da UFPA, visando à identificação e minimização dos problemas que se apresentaram ao longo de seu fluxo. Para tal, procedeu-se um estudo de caso nos processos administrativos e demais documentos inerentes à construção dos diversos módulos que compõem o Instituto, com o levantamento de dados de todas as obras executadas, e realização de entrevistas, baseadas no modelo de Campos (2011), a todos os envolvidos no processo. Após a análise dos resultados, constatou-se que a falta de planejamento e gerenciamento efetivo dos processos de projeto construtivos produziram vários problemas, entre os quais, projetos incompletos e falhos, levando à construção fragmentada. A obra, executada em várias etapas, custou 35,19% mais, do que se fosse realizada em uma só etapa, integralmente. Quanto ao prazo, esse acréscimo foi maior ainda, chegando a 283%. Concluindo-se que os intervenientes causados pela fragmentação, influenciaram seriamente no prazo e no valor final da obra.

Distribuição espacial de criadouros de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Linnaeus 1762 (Diptera: Culicidae) em pontos georreferenciados de dois bairros da cidade de Macapá-AP: área endêmica de dengue

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a distribuição espacial dos criadouros de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Linnaeus 1762 Diptera: Culicidae) em pontos georreferenciados de dois bairros da cidade de Macapá-AP. Os espécimes foram coletados em dois períodos (seco e chuvoso) e analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Realizou-se mapeamento dos imóveis inspecionados, destacando-se aqueles com criadouros positivos para formas imaturas de A. aegypti, além de entrevistas com os residentes locais, a fim de se avaliar aspectos sócio-econômicos relacionados à ocorrência da espécie em questão. No bairro do Trem os depósitos móveis, detiveram 21,90% das larvas coletadas no período seco e 24,60% no período chuvoso; depósitos fixos 22,38% no período seco e 20,59% no período chuvoso; e depósitos removíveis 49,05% no período seco e 48,93% no período chuvoso. No Bairro Cidade Nova as fossas e depósitos de água para consumo, detiveram 26,79% e 18,66% no período seco respectivamente. No período chuvoso, os depósitos de água para consumo subiram para 34,16 %, as fossas se mantiveram inalteradas, sugerindo que esse último seja considerado um recipiente preferencial para a desova do mosquito. Constatou-se que o abastecimento de água encanada cobre 93% das residências do bairro do Trem, e 73% do bairro Cidade Nova, o qual não dispõe de rede de esgoto sanitário. No bairro do Trem houve variabilidade regular na distribuição dos criadouros nos dois períodos estudados. No bairro Cidade Nova o comportamento espacial apresentou uma tendência de variabilidade irregular, sendo possível caracterizar as áreas de risco existentes em relação ao tipo de criadouro. De modo geral, conclui-se que uma das grandes capacidades da análise de dados georeferenciados é a sua manipulação para produzir novas informações que contribuam para uma melhor gestão das medidas de controle.

Modelo de mudança organizacional: estudo de caso no setor de compras

O presente trabalho apresenta um modelo de mudança organizacional para melhorar o processo empresarial de compra de uma construtora, proveniente do sistema de comunicação entre o escritório central e suas obras, a fim de identificar as oportunidades e deficiências existentes no sistema, seja de ordem tecnológica e/ou gerencial. O mapeamento das informações permite detectar os percursos desnecessários que impossibilitam o sistema de comunicação funcionar de forma ágil e otimizada, bem como perceber as oportunidades de melhorias contínuas ao processo. O método de pesquisa se baseou no aperfeiçoamento de processos empresariais, que consiste na modelagem do processo citado, por meio da coleta de dados, análise de documentos, desenho de fluxos de informações existentes no modelo e discussão dos resultados. Para validação da aplicação do método, fez-se o estudo de caso único em uma construtora do subsetor edificações, o qual gerou fluxogramas do processo de compras atual e proposto como modelo de mudança organizacional.