Probe beam deflection study of the ion exchange between Prussian blue film or indium hexacyanoferrate film and electrolyte solutions

Probe beam deflection(PBD) technique together with electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry was used to study the ion exchange in prussian blue(PB) film and its analogue indium hexacyanoferrate (InHCF) chemically modified electrodes, The ion exchange mechanism of PB was verified as following: K2Fe2+FeI(CN)(6)(-e--K+)reversible arrow(+e-+K+)KFe(3+)Fe(I)(CN)(6)(-xe--xK+)reversible arrow(+xe-+xK+) [Fe3+FeI(CN)(6)](x)[KFe3+FeI(CN)(6)](1-x) where on reduction in contact with an acidic KCl electrolyte, H+ enter PB film before K+. Both the cations and anions participate concurrently in the redox process of InHCF, meanwhile K+ ion plays a major role in the whole charge transfer process of this film with increasing radii of anions.

A novel in-situ spectroelectrochemical technique with probe beam deflection: For study of the ion exchange between films on electrode surface and solutions

A novel in-situ spectroelectrochemical technique, the combination of probe beam deflection (PBD) with cyclic voltammetry (CV), was used to study the ion exchange process of prussian blue(PB) modified film electrode in contact with various electrolyte solutions. The ion exchange mechanism was verified as following: (K2Fe2+FeII)(CN)(6) -e(-)-k(+)reversible arrow +e(-)+k(+) (KFe3+FeII)(CN)(6) -ke(-)-xk(+)reversible arrow +xe(-)+kk(+) [(Fe3+FeIII)(CN)(6)](x)[(KFe3+FeII)(CN)(6)](1-x) where on reduction PB film in contact with an acidic KCl electrolyte, it was confirmed that protons enter into the PB film before K+ cations.

Experimental investigation of an unstable ring resonator with 90-deg beam rotation for a chemical oxygen iodine laser

We report the experimental results of an unstable ring resonator with 90-deg beam rotation for a kilowatt class chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL). The distributions of near-field phase and far-field intensity were measured. A beam quality of 1.6 was achieved when the COIL average output power was approximately 5 kW. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America.