Virus infection speeds: theory versus experiment

In order to explain the speed of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus VSV infections, we develop a simple model that improves previous approaches to the propagation of virus infections. For VSV infections, we find that the delay time elapsed between the adsorption of a viral particle into a cell and the release of its progeny has a very important effect. Moreover, this delay time makes the adsorption rate essentially irrelevant in order to predict VSV infection speeds. Numerical simulations are in agreement with the analytical results. Our model satisfactorily explains the experimentally measured speeds of VSV infections

Multidisciplinary analysis of clinical cases: a transition towards active learning in dental education

In the past 2009/10 academic year, we took steps towards introduction of active methodologies, from a multidisciplinar approach, into a conventional lecture-based Dental Education program. We consolidated these practices in the current 2010/11 year, already within a new Bologna-adapted scheme. Transition involved (i) critical assessment of the limitations of traditional teaching (ii) identification of specific learning topics allowing for integration of contents, (iii) implementation of student-centred learning activities in old curricular plans (iv) assessment of students' satisfaction and perceived learning outcomes, (v) implementation of these changes in new Bologna-adapted curricula

Doença periodontal no cão caraterização da doença periodontal no hospital veterinário montenegro : estudo 50 casos : periodo : 1 de setembro a 1 de março de 2012

As doenças periodontais perfazem 75% das alterações odontológicas em humanos e diversos estudos epidemiológicos mostram que esta afeção acomete cerca de 85% de cães acima dos três anos de idade. A doença periodontal trata-se de uma doença de origem infeciosa causada por bactérias, pela alteração da capacidade de resposta imunológica do hospedeiro à infeção e tem uma relação documentada com fatores predisponentes, tais como a idade, raça, formato da cabeça, obesidade e dieta. Tem como principal agente causador de doença a placa bacteriana associada à falta de higienização ou profilaxia dentária regular. Assumindo que a cavidade oral pode atuar como foco de infeção, a doença periodontal traduz-se pela inflamação da gengiva (gengivite), e a destruição de tecidos que suportam e protegem o dente (periodontite). Além da elevada carga bacteriana local, as bactérias presentes em lesões da cavidade oral podem entrar na circulação sanguínea e atingir outros órgãos, pelo fenómeno de anacorese, causando infeções sistémicas graves. Têm sido efetuadas várias pesquisas sobre a etiologia e patogenia da doença periodontal, mas são escassos os trabalhos concentrados na orientação, sensibilização e percepção dos proprietários na profilaxia e controlo da doença. O desconhecimento da importância deste tema é um factor que tem vindo a dificultar a adopção de medidas profiláticas, tornando-se assim necessário incluir o proprietário na teia relacional epidemiológica da doença periodontal. Esta é uma condição necessária para a aquisição de novas posturas clínicas no que diz respeito ao controlo da doença e consequente diminuição de intervenções médicas ou cirúrgicas com finalidades terapêuticas.

The intelligibility of cleft palate speech with and without dental prosthesis

This paper discusses a study to investigate the possibility of quantifying and analyzing the speech of cleft palate subjects.

Current infection control trends in audiology

The purpose of this study was to provide an in-depth assessment of current infection control practice trends in a group of practicing audiologists. The study investigated the extent to which Universal Precautions are applied in the clinical settings, the percentages of respondents familiar with general infection control nomenclature, and the future educational directives.

Are there hazardous auditory effects of high-frequency turbines and ultrasonic dental scalers on dental professionals?

The purpose of this pilot study was to survey dentists in the St. Louis area to assess their subjective opinion of commonly used dental handpieces as well as history of noise exposure and use of hearing protection. Selected handpieces were then chosen to measure their output levels and determine if emissions are hazardous to the auditory system.

Collaboration between infection control and occupational health in three continents: a success story with international impact

Globalization has been accompanied by the rapid spread of infectious diseases, and further strain on working conditions for health workers globally. Post-SARS, Canadian occupational health and infection control researchers got together to study how to better protect health workers, and found that training was indeed perceived as key to a positive safety culture. This led to developing information and communication technology (ICT) tools. The research conducted also showed the need for better workplace inspections, so a workplace audit tool was also developed to supplement worker questionnaires and the ICT. When invited to join Ecuadorean colleagues to promote occupational health and infection control, these tools were collectively adapted and improved, including face-to-face as well as on-line problem-based learning scenarios. The South African government then invited the team to work with local colleagues to improve occupational health and infection control, resulting in an improved web-based health information system to track incidents, exposures, and occupational injury and diseases. As the H1N1 pandemic struck, the online infection control course was adapted and translated into Spanish, as was a novel skill-building learning tool that permits health workers to practice selecting personal protective equipment. This tool was originally developed in collaboration with the countries from the Caribbean region and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Research from these experiences led to strengthened focus on building capacity of health and safety committees, and new modules are thus being created, informed by that work. The products developed have been widely heralded as innovative and interactive, leading to their inclusion into “toolkits” used internationally. The tools used in Canada were substantially improved from the collaborative adaptation process for South and Central America and South Africa. This international collaboration between occupational health and infection control researchers led to the improvement of the research framework and development of tools, guidelines and information systems. Furthermore, the research and knowledge-transfer experience highlighted the value of partnership amongst Northern and Southern researchers in terms of sharing resources, experiences and knowledge.

Dental training system using haptic technology

In the U.K., dental students require to perform training and practice on real human tissues at the very early stage of their courses. Currently, the human tissues, such as decayed teeth, are mounted in a human head like physical model. The problems with these models in teaching are; (1) every student operates on tooth, which are always unique; (2) the process cannot be recorded for examination purposes and (3) same training are not repeatable. The aim of the PHATOM Project is to develop a dental training system using Haptic technology. This paper documents the project background, specification, research and development of the first prototype system. It also discusses the research in the visual display, haptic devices and haptic rendering. This includes stereo vision, motion parallax, volumetric modelling, surface remapping algorithms as well as analysis design of the system. A new volumetric to surface model transformation algorithm is also introduced. This paper includes the future work on the system development and research.