Cattle, crops and clearing: Regional drivers of landscape change in the Brigalow Belt, Queensland, Australia, 1840-2004

Landscape change occurs through the interaction of a multitude of natural and human driving forces at a range of organisational levels, with humans playing an increasingly dominant role in many regions of the world. Building on the current knowledge of the underlying drivers of landscape change, a conceptual framework of regional landscape change was developed which integrated population, economic and cultural values, policy and science/technology. Using the Southern Brigalow Belt biogeographic region of Queensland as a case study, the role of natural and human drivers in landscape change was investigated in four phases of settlement since 1840. The Brigalow Belt has experienced comparable rates of vegetation clearance over the past 50 years to areas of tropical deforestation. Economic factors were important during all phases of development, but the five regional drivers often acted in synergy. Environmental constraints played a significant role in slowing rates of change. Temporal trends of deforestation followed a sigmoidal curve, with initial slow change accelerating though the middle phases then slowing in recent times. Future landscape management needs to take account of the influence of all the components of the conceptual framework, at a range of organisational levels, if more ecologically sustainable outcomes are to be achieved. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Data compilation on the biological response to ocean acidification: environmental and experimental context of data sets and related literature

The exponential growth of studies on the biological response to ocean acidification over the last few decades has generated a large amount of data. To facilitate data comparison, a data compilation hosted at the data publisher PANGAEA was initiated in 2008 and is updated on a regular basis (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.149999). By January 2015, a total of 581 data sets (over 4 000 000 data points) from 539 papers had been archived. Here we present the developments of this data compilation five years since its first description by Nisumaa et al. (2010). Most of study sites from which data archived are still in the Northern Hemisphere and the number of archived data from studies from the Southern Hemisphere and polar oceans are still relatively low. Data from 60 studies that investigated the response of a mix of organisms or natural communities were all added after 2010, indicating a welcomed shift from the study of individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. The initial imbalance of considerably more data archived on calcification and primary production than on other processes has improved. There is also a clear tendency towards more data archived from multifactorial studies after 2010. For easier and more effective access to ocean acidification data, the ocean acidification community is strongly encouraged to contribute to the data archiving effort, and help develop standard vocabularies describing the variables and define best practices for archiving ocean acidification data.

Figuraciones de la esclavitud en novelas y ensayos antiesclavistas de Cuba y Brasil, 1840-1880

La tesis doctoral presentada da cuenta de las "figuraciones de la esclavitud" en un amplio corpus textual (ensayos y novelas) de autores representativos de la "narrativa antiesclavista" en el siglo XIX, centrada en las áreas de Cuba y Brasil. Desde una perspectiva comparativa, que atiende a los planos retóricos y discursivos, se analizan puntualmente novelas y ensayos de autores canónicos como Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, Cirilo Villaverde, José Antonio Saco, Alejandro von Humboldt, José de Alencar, Bernardo Guimaraes, Joaquim Nabuco y Jean-Baptiste Debret. A la vez, se incorpora la plasmación de un enfoque interdisciplinar en el análisis de la "narrativa antiesclavista", abordando también aspectos que remiten a la historiografía política, social y económica sobre el proceso de la esclavitud en el período de 1840-1880, junto con otros de articulación antropológica, cultural y estética en ambas zonas mencionadas

Figuraciones de la esclavitud en novelas y ensayos antiesclavistas de Cuba y Brasil, 1840-1880

La tesis doctoral presentada da cuenta de las "figuraciones de la esclavitud" en un amplio corpus textual (ensayos y novelas) de autores representativos de la "narrativa antiesclavista" en el siglo XIX, centrada en las áreas de Cuba y Brasil. Desde una perspectiva comparativa, que atiende a los planos retóricos y discursivos, se analizan puntualmente novelas y ensayos de autores canónicos como Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, Cirilo Villaverde, José Antonio Saco, Alejandro von Humboldt, José de Alencar, Bernardo Guimaraes, Joaquim Nabuco y Jean-Baptiste Debret. A la vez, se incorpora la plasmación de un enfoque interdisciplinar en el análisis de la "narrativa antiesclavista", abordando también aspectos que remiten a la historiografía política, social y económica sobre el proceso de la esclavitud en el período de 1840-1880, junto con otros de articulación antropológica, cultural y estética en ambas zonas mencionadas

Figuraciones de la esclavitud en novelas y ensayos antiesclavistas de Cuba y Brasil, 1840-1880

La tesis doctoral presentada da cuenta de las "figuraciones de la esclavitud" en un amplio corpus textual (ensayos y novelas) de autores representativos de la "narrativa antiesclavista" en el siglo XIX, centrada en las áreas de Cuba y Brasil. Desde una perspectiva comparativa, que atiende a los planos retóricos y discursivos, se analizan puntualmente novelas y ensayos de autores canónicos como Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, Cirilo Villaverde, José Antonio Saco, Alejandro von Humboldt, José de Alencar, Bernardo Guimaraes, Joaquim Nabuco y Jean-Baptiste Debret. A la vez, se incorpora la plasmación de un enfoque interdisciplinar en el análisis de la "narrativa antiesclavista", abordando también aspectos que remiten a la historiografía política, social y económica sobre el proceso de la esclavitud en el período de 1840-1880, junto con otros de articulación antropológica, cultural y estética en ambas zonas mencionadas

CERAMICS IN BRITAIN (1840-90): MEANINGS AND METAPHORS

The intention of this thesis, “Ceramics in Britain (1840–90): Meanings and Metaphors” is to present new approaches for interpreting ceramics in nineteenth-century Britain by situating, problematizing, and contextualizing pottery and porcelain in the popular debates of the day within the methodologies of material culture, design, cultural and art histories. I ask how did ceramics—portable, functional, and often decorative objects—contribute to shaping modes of experiences? Crockery, tableware and blue-white-porcelain, admittedly largely mediated in texts and paintings, are at the centre of this research to examine how they imposed symbolism and influenced the engagement of their subjects beyond their intended meanings and functions. This thesis tracks a common rhetoric shared by writers and artists across genres and understood by readers and viewers: crockery in the cupboard, on the mantel, the table or the floor were popular motifs exemplifying class, gender, character, etiquette, and taste. This thesis also seeks to map ceramics’ relations with other objects and people depicted. Their meanings and metaphors changed, depending on their exchange with other objects in the room and who uses them. The conventions of representing ceramics dictated a particular grammar that writers and artists used, critiqued, discarded or personalized. The examination of ceramics mediated in text and image especially in comparison with extant objects invites a deeper probing of both material culture and artistic practice, which helps to situate the agency of the ceramic objects themselves. Also this thesis, in attempt to explore new methodological approaches for ceramic studies, examines the social life of the mid-Victorian relief-moulded “Minster” Jug in the Gardiner Museum in Toronto. The product originating in Staffordshire in 1843 and exported to the colonies holds significance due to its multiple life histories. Viewing the “Minster” through the lenses of curator, collector, consumer, and critic its layered lives unfold to reveal the protocols of museum praxis as well as important aspects of mid-nineteenth-century British society related to design reform, gender, imperialism and consumption patterns. This thesis contends that the British experienced ceramics in sometimes unexpected ways, unrelated to their original purpose, such as tools of violence or containers of solace, and transformative fantasy.

“Comulgar con ruedas de molino”: el cierre del Fray Gerundio en 1840

Fundado en abril de 1837 por Modesto Lafuente, el Fray Gerundio fue el principal periódico satírico de su tiempo, así como uno de los más populares y vendidos. Su crítica permanente al poder le valió varias amonestaciones por parte de los distintos gobiernos, la última de las cuales acabó con su cierre en marzo de 1840 por desacato, una acusación que luego se comprobó contraria a la ley. El cierre lo hizo aún más popular y convirtió a Modesto Lafuente en una verdadera celebridad por su defensa de la libertad de imprenta.

Keisarillisen majesteetin armosta wahwistettu palo-asetus Wiipurin kaupungille, annettu Helsingissä 21 päiwänä tammikuuta wuonna 1840

Julkaistu myös ruotsiksi nimellä: Brandordning för Wiborgs stad. - Julkaistu myös venäjäksi nimellä: Požarnyj ustav dlâ g. Vyborga.

Hans kejserliga majestäts i nåder fastställde brandordning för Wiborgs stad, gifwen i Helsingfors den 21 Januarii 1840

Julkaistu myös suomeksi nimellä: Palo-asetus Wiipurin kaupungille. - Julkaistu myös venäjäksi nimellä: Požarnyj ustav dlâ g. Vyborga.

Vysočajše utverždennyj ego imperatorskim" vělistvom" požarnyj ustav" dlâ g. Vyborga, izdannyj v" Gel'singforsě 26 ânvarâ 1840 goda

Julkaistu myös suomeksi nimellä: Palo-asetus Wiipurin kaupungille. - Julkaistu myös ruotsiksi nimellä: Brandordning för Wiborgs stad.