Report on applying agreed-upon procedures to the City of Protivin’s certification of compliance with Chapter 388.10 of the Code of Iowa

Report on applying agreed-upon procedures to the City of Protivin’s certification of compliance with Chapter 388.10 of the Code of Iowa

Ratio maps and correspondence analysis

We compare two methods for visualising contingency tables and developa method called the ratio map which combines the good properties of both.The first is a biplot based on the logratio approach to compositional dataanalysis. This approach is founded on the principle of subcompositionalcoherence, which assures that results are invariant to considering subsetsof the composition. The second approach, correspondence analysis, isbased on the chi-square approach to contingency table analysis. Acornerstone of correspondence analysis is the principle of distributionalequivalence, which assures invariance in the results when rows or columnswith identical conditional proportions are merged. Both methods may bedescribed as singular value decompositions of appropriately transformedmatrices. Correspondence analysis includes a weighting of the rows andcolumns proportional to the margins of the table. If this idea of row andcolumn weights is introduced into the logratio biplot, we obtain a methodwhich obeys both principles of subcompositional coherence and distributionalequivalence.

Regions of rationality: Maps for bounded agents

An important problem in descriptive and prescriptive research in decision making is to identify regions of rationality, i.e., the areas for which heuristics are and are not effective. To map the contours of such regions, we derive probabilities that heuristics identify the best of m alternatives (m > 2) characterized by k attributes or cues (k > 1). The heuristics include a single variable (lexicographic), variations of elimination-by-aspects, equal weighting, hybrids of the preceding, and models exploiting dominance. We use twenty simulated and four empirical datasets for illustration. We further provide an overview by regressing heuristic performance on factors characterizing environments. Overall, sensible heuristics generally yield similar choices in many environments. However, selection of the appropriate heuristic can be important in some regions (e.g., if there is low inter-correlation among attributes/cues). Since our work assumes a hit or miss decision criterion, we conclude by outlining extensions for exploring the effects of different loss functions.

Reaudit on the City of Webster City for the period January 1, 1997 through December 31, 2006

Reaudit on the City of Webster City for the period January 1, 1997 through December 31, 2006

Audit report on the City of Magnolia, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the City of Magnolia, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the City of Van Wert, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the City of Van Wert, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on a special investigation of the City of Gravity for the period January 1, 2003 through February 15, 2007

Audit report on a special investigation of the City of Gravity for the period January 1, 2003 through February 15, 2007

Audit report on the City of Postville, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the City of Postville, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the City of State Center, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the City of State Center, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the City of Shenandoah, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the City of Shenandoah, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the City of Ely, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Audit report on the City of Ely, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2007

Report on a special investigation of the City of Clearfield for the period August 1, 2006 through June 30, 2007

Report on a special investigation of the City of Clearfield for the period August 1, 2006 through June 30, 2007