1000 resultados para Autorrealización (Psicología)
Resumo:
El cncer de prstata es el cncer ms frecuente en los hombres en muchos pases industrializados. Considerando el porcentaje de supervivencia relativa a los 5 aos (76,5%) y el estado de morbilidad que generan los tratamientos vigentes, el concepto de Calidad de Vida (CdV) del hombre mayor con cncer de prstata pasa a ser un objetivo prioritario en la intervencin sociosanitaria. Clsicamente la evaluacin del impacto que generan los sntomas se ha determinado por la frecuencia y el nmero de sntomas asociados a la enfermedad y al tratamiento. A nuestro parecer, lo ms apropiado es realizar el anlisis objetivando adems el impacto que generan en la actividad de vida diaria de los afectados. Este artculo tiene un doble objetivo. Primero, evaluar los beneficios de un programa de ejercicio de fuerza adaptado a la enfermedad y al tratamiento de cncer de prstata. Segundo, identificar los sntomas ms relevantes del cncer de prstata desde la perspectiva del paciente y el impacto que generan a la CdV del hombre mayor. La propuesta metodolgica se basa en la triangulacin metodolgica entre mtodos secuencial (cuantitativo y cualitativo). En los resultados se observa una mejora significativa de la CdV del enfermo, mediado indirectamente por la mejora del sntoma de incontinencia y el dolor. As mismo se observa una mejora de la capacidad de la fuerza y resistencia muscular ms evidente en las extremidades inferiores. Queda cientficamente demostrada la eficacia de un programa de ejercicio fsico de fuerza adaptado a los sntomas que genera la enfermedad y el tratamiento de cncer de prstata en la mejora de la CdV de la persona mayor
Resumo:
El objetivo del presente artculo es explorar el patrn de actividades cotidianas y deseadas en una muestra de personas mayores, as como algunos factores que las condicionan y sus implicaciones para la satisfaccin con la vida. Una muestra de 154 personas jubiladas de ms de 60 aos y que vivan en un entorno urbano particip en el estudio. Los datos sobre las actividades se recogieron mediante entrevistas individuales, mientras que para la satisfaccin con la vida se utiliz la escala LSI. Nuestros resultados muestran que el patrn de actividades manifestadas para el da de ayer es muy similar al que se realizara en un da ideal, aunque en ste se deseara pasar mucho ms tiempo en compaa de otras personas. Factores como el sexo y el nivel educativo y econmico afectan a las actividades realizadas, especialmente a las instrumentales y al tiempo dedicado al ocio. La diferencia entre el da de ayer y el da ideal se relacion negativamente y de manera significativa, aunque modesta, con la satisfaccin con la vida.
Resumo:
Las variables de personalidad que estn relacionadas con el comportamiento delictivo han sido identificadas consistentemente y replicadas en numerosos estudios. Entre stas las ms importantes son la impulsividad, la temeridad, la empata y la hostilidad, adems de la inteligencia y la estabilidad emocional. En este estudio tratamos de comprobar que relacin tienen algunas de aquellas variables con la conducta de los reclusos y en su adaptacin al medio penitenciario. Se analizaron todas las variables antes mencionadas excepto la inteligencia. Nuestro objetivo era generalizar los resultados obtenidos por la investigacin de factores de personalidad y conducta antisocial en el caso de los reclusos de larga duracin. Participaron en el estudio un grupo de reclusos condenados a distintas penas de prisin por la comisin de mltiples delitos y/o por delitos graves. Se analiz el expediente y el registro penitenciario de cada uno de ellos y se relacion con los rasgos de personalidad antes citados. Los resultados evidenciaron que el mejor predictor de las dificultades de adaptacin al medio carcelario son las puntuaciones en Agresividad-Hostilidad. Tambin la Impulsividad y la Temeridad aparecieron estrechamente relacionadas con las variables de conducta penitenciaria. Por ltimo, se debe destacar la importancia de controlar la Deseabilidad Social en los estudios que incluyen reclusos analizados durante el cumplimiento de su condena.
Resumo:
Study of the changes in health habits of 105 cancer patients relatives and close friends after the diagnosis. The aim is to try to verify whether the knowledge of the disease has got some impact in the modification of their life styles. The emotional alterations influence in this change of behaviour has been analysed futhermore. An interview of own creation and HADS (Anxiety Hospital and Depression Scale of Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) instrument, in a Spanish and a Catalan version, were used with this aim. The results show that 21.1% of the participants presented positive changes in their health habits after the diagnosis of the relative or close friend and 11.5% showed negative changes. In relation to the role of the emotions, averages of anxiety (14,33; d.t.=4,98) and depressive (10,17; d.t.=4,93) symptoms were higher in those subjects who made negative changes than in those who did not make any change (9,32; d.t.=5,37 and 6,33; d.t.=4,64). In addition, the youngest participants, with more depressive symptoms and who visit the subject more often, are those who become more assets modifying health habits. The results suggest that emotional alterations, mainly depressive symptoms, are associated with negative change and, therefore, it would be suitable to lend some type of attention to these alterations in the population studied with the purpose of improving their present and future health
Resumo:
Psychological Assessment is a core subject of Psychology studies, and of the university degree Human development, at the University of Girona and according to the University regulations, had 12 credits. Until the 2005-06 academic years, the student work conducted outside the classroom consisted of undertaking a psychological assessment that was written and handed in at the end of the course. From this the student obtained a qualification and a review if they applied for it In accordance with the European Credits for Higher Education, this subject was reduced to 9 credits, which is the equivalent of a total of 255 hours of in-class work and outside the classroom. In the 2006-07 academic year we created a guide to manage the students experiences outside the classroom, with the objective of encouraging the application of problem solving/critical thinking (Bloom, 1975), in line with the recommendations of the Catalonia Agency for University System Quality (2005). The guide includes: learning objectives, evaluation criterions, a description of activities, work week timetable for the whole course, programmed tutorials to review all steps of the psychological assessment process, and the use of a web-based virtual forum for the transfer of knowledge, analysis and constructive critiques of the assessment done by themselves and their colleagues
Resumo:
This study examined the independent effect of skewness and kurtosis on the robustness of the linear mixed model (LMM), with the Kenward-Roger (KR) procedure, when group distributions are different, sample sizes are small, and sphericity cannot be assumed. Methods: A Monte Carlo simulation study considering a split-plot design involving three groups and four repeated measures was performed. Results: The results showed that when group distributions are different, the effect of skewness on KR robustness is greater than that of kurtosis for the corresponding values. Furthermore, the pairings of skewness and kurtosis with group size were found to be relevant variables when applying this procedure. Conclusions: With sample sizes of 45 and 60, KR is a suitable option for analyzing data when the distributions are: (a) mesokurtic and not highly or extremely skewed, and (b) symmetric with different degrees of kurtosis. With total sample sizes of 30, it is adequate when group sizes are equal and the distributions are: (a) mesokurtic and slightly or moderately skewed, and sphericity is assumed; and (b) symmetric with a moderate or high/extreme violation of kurtosis. Alternative analyses should be considered when the distributions are highly or extremely skewed and samples sizes are small.
Resumo:
Schizotypy in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies indicate that relatives of patients with schizophrenia are more likely to present characteristics of schizotypal personality than the general population. Few transcultural studies of schizotypy have been carried out. Most instruments constructed to measure schizotypy have been applied in specific cultures; conceivably, in other populations its components may be distributed in different ways. These cultural differences may affect the relations between schizotypy and schizophrenia. The objective of this study is to obtain data on schizotypy in relatives of patients with schizophrenia and relatives of patients with other disorders in a Latin American rural population. The results suggest that cultural factors must be taken into account in order to establish the relationship between schizotypy and schizophrenia.
Resumo:
Perception of social support and functioning of patients with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers and its relationship to quality of life are described. Forty-five patients and their 45 relatives, treated at the Mental Health Services in Arica, Chile, participated. Both patients and caregivers in the study have a poor perception of social support with regard to extra-family people, as well as a low social integration. However, patients showed adequate capacity to function within their immediate family. Unlike what was found in developed countries, these patients showed moderate levels of quality of life, with a strong relationship with perceptions of the social support they receive from family and significant others and the ability to establish and maintain social contacts. Quality of life of primary caregivers is linked to patients ability to establish and maintain social contacts within the family group, as in other social instances, such as keeping a job. The results of the study suggest the need to consider the design and application of programs of support for these patients and their caregivers, with the central aim of the social functioning of the above-mentioned patients and their familiar and community integration.
Resumo:
Aquest treball tracta sobre levoluci de la Psicologia en els centres penitenciaris. En el desenvolupament del treball es comenar amb una breu introducci del marc legislatiu que emmarca aquest mbit per veure quines reformes legislatives shan donat. A continuaci, sexposaran les funcions que exerceix un psicleg penitenciari, els instruments i les tcniques ms utilitzades, litinerari personal que segueixen els interns i quins programes de tractament existeixen en lactualitat. Seguidament, sexposar la part ms prctica que consta de la realitzaci de dues entrevistes [Centre Penitenciari dHomes de Barcelona (La Model) i Centre Penitenciari Brians 2 de Sant Esteve Sesrovires]. Es finalitzar amb unes conclusions integrant la teoria i la part prctica del treball.
Resumo:
This study explored ethnic identity among 662 students (326 mestizos and 336 indigenous) from the Intercultural University of Chiapas (IUCh). Scholars suggest that ethnicity is more salient for ethnic minority adolescents than for adolescents who are members of the ethnic majority. The aims for this study were: 1) to determine the structure and validity of ethnic identity as measured by the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure in a sample of majority and minority ethnic groups from Intercultural University in Chiapas, and 2) to examine the variability of ethnic identity across ethnic groups. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure would show two factors, and that ethnic groups would differ on ethnic identity. The results supported the hypotheses
Resumo:
Introduccin: conocer la prevalencia de algunos trastornos menores de salud (TMS) en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Barcelona (2004-05). Material y mtodos:. El estudio se realiz en las facultades de Ciencias Econmicas, Farmacia, Medicina, Psicología y Qumicas y Escuela de Enfermera de la Universidad de Barcelona. Se emple un diseo observacional, descriptivo y transversal mediante un cuestionario mixto administrada a 600 estudiantes durante el mes de diciembre de 2004. Las variables estudiadas corresponden a los siguientes TMS: insomnio, estreimiento, cefalea, dolor osteomuscular, tics nerviosos, onicofagia y tricotilomania. Resultados: El sexo femenino representa el 64% de la muestra; la media de edad de los encuestados es de 22,7 (DE: 3,27; IC 95%: 22,43-22,96). Las mujeres acumulan el 67,79% de los 1.245 TMS identificados. Por sexo, se observan diferencias estadsticamente significativas en las prevalencias de cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania que afectan en mayor medida al sexo femenino. La onicofagia (264; 21,20%; IC 95%: 18-24,4) es el ms extendido de los TMS, seguido de la cefalea (233; 18,72%; IC 95%: 15,6-21,84). Los estudiantes de Psicología presentan el mayor nmero, seguidos de los de Ciencias Econmicas; los que presentan un menor nmero son los de Farmacia y Qumicas. Conclusiones: El sexo femenino presenta la mayor prevalencia de TMS. La onicofagia y la cefalea son los principales TMS identificados en la muestra. Los estudiantes de Psicología acumulan el mayor nmero de TMS, siendo los que presentan ms cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania.
Resumo:
Introduccin: conocer la prevalencia de algunos trastornos menores de salud (TMS) en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Barcelona (2004-05). Material y mtodos:. El estudio se realiz en las facultades de Ciencias Econmicas, Farmacia, Medicina, Psicología y Qumicas y Escuela de Enfermera de la Universidad de Barcelona. Se emple un diseo observacional, descriptivo y transversal mediante un cuestionario mixto administrada a 600 estudiantes durante el mes de diciembre de 2004. Las variables estudiadas corresponden a los siguientes TMS: insomnio, estreimiento, cefalea, dolor osteomuscular, tics nerviosos, onicofagia y tricotilomania. Resultados: El sexo femenino representa el 64% de la muestra; la media de edad de los encuestados es de 22,7 (DE: 3,27; IC 95%: 22,43-22,96). Las mujeres acumulan el 67,79% de los 1.245 TMS identificados. Por sexo, se observan diferencias estadsticamente significativas en las prevalencias de cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania que afectan en mayor medida al sexo femenino. La onicofagia (264; 21,20%; IC 95%: 18-24,4) es el ms extendido de los TMS, seguido de la cefalea (233; 18,72%; IC 95%: 15,6-21,84). Los estudiantes de Psicología presentan el mayor nmero, seguidos de los de Ciencias Econmicas; los que presentan un menor nmero son los de Farmacia y Qumicas. Conclusiones: El sexo femenino presenta la mayor prevalencia de TMS. La onicofagia y la cefalea son los principales TMS identificados en la muestra. Los estudiantes de Psicología acumulan el mayor nmero de TMS, siendo los que presentan ms cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania.
Resumo:
La adquisicin de Habilidades Teraputicas (HHTT) es esencial en la formacinde los psiclogos clnicos y de otros profesionales de la salud (Bados y Garca,2011; Cunico, Sartori, Marongnolli y Meneghini, 2012). Consideramos que unabuena manera de adquirir y potenciar habilidades clnicas es a travs de laprctica dirigida en situaciones reales de aspectos personalmente significativos;es decir, lo que podramos denominar APRENDIZAJE EXPERIENCIAL.As, en lugar de practicar la Escucha activa o la Empata con alguien quesimula ser un paciente con depresin o que ha experimentado una experienciatraumtica, pensamos que es mejor trabajar con las propias experiencias vitales.Es decir, realizando ejercicios dirigidos a mejorar la capacidad para escucharactivamente o entender a personas significativas (padres, hermanos, parejas,amigos, etc.) con las que se tienen dificultades reales de relacin.En el mbito universitario son escasas las experiencias didcticas de ste tipo(Saldaa, Bados, Garca-Grau, Balaguer y Fust, 2009), por lo que apenas existen estudios que evalen su eficacia.
Resumo:
The ability to recognize mental states in oneself and others, or the theory of mind, has been a widely studied topic in last years. Traditionally, these studies have focused on the understanding of false belief, one of the most important milestones in its development. Studies conducted with children with language difficulties suggest that they have a delay in false belief acquisition. On the other hand, numerous studies have established a relationship between the understanding of false belief and language skills. In particular, it has been suggested that training based in labelling objects with double perspective facilitates the understanding of false belief. The aim of the present study is to test the effect of the structuration level of labelling training in a group of children with difficulties in language development. A total of 14 children, aged between 58 and 107 months, were trained in 3 sessions, and a pre-test and a post-test were administered to evaluate the effects of the training. The results confirm a delay in false belief understanding in children with developmental language difficulties, and suggest that the structured labelling training is effective to improve this understanding
Resumo:
In the past years a considerable amount of research has been carried out on the development of theory of mind (ToM) reporting that language and ToM performance are correlated. However it is less clear what aspect of language is related with ToM development. Some studies show a greater influence of semantics aspects, whereas others suggest that sentential complement sentences, a specific aspect of syntax, are crucial for false belief understanding (FB). Yet others argue that pragmatic abilities correlate with FB understanding. The aim of this study is investigate, on the one side, the development of ToM between the ages of 6 and 8 and on the other side, the relationship between some aspects of language and the ToM improvement. Several ToM tasks were administrated to evaluate childrens performance at two different ages (60 participants aged 6 and 8 years) and four tasks to assess language abilities. The results show a significant increase in the understanding of the mind between the ages of 6 and 8. Furthermore, results reveal a significant relationship between syntax and tasks that require FB understanding, while pragmatics is more strongly associated with tasks that involve more complex socio-cognitive understandings