Comportamento contrátil de barreiras selantes de solo estabilizado para base de lagoas de tratamento

Liners were proposed as subsoil contamination protection devices for waste disposal sites. In the rural environment, they can be used to construct pond bottoms for liquid waste treatment, but the construction needs to be quick and cheap. A good technical solution for these situations is the use of local soil compacted with low quantities of cement or lime, obtaining good properties for this purpose. These barriers need special care about their contraction behavior which may compromise its use. This work shows the results of contraction tests in sandy soil specimens and others stabilized with lime and with cement. Soil structure changes during cure time were checked using electronic scan microscopy. Results show maximum soil contraction of 0.648% for specimen with 14 days cure process. After twenty eight days of cure the contraction values were lower than 0.5%, which classifies the material as of low contraction. Electronic scan image shows significant material structure alteration up to seven days cure. Results show that studied mixtures had appropriate contraction behavior for liner usage.

Sertralina no tratamento de pacientes com depressão maior leve e moderada: Estudo multicêntrico brasileiro

Introduction: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of sertraline for the treatment of Brazilian patients with mild to moderate major depression. Patients and methods: Patients were 18 years old or older treated on an out-patient basis. Previous medications were stopped for a 2-week washout period. Afterwards, patients received sertraline, initial dose of 50 mg/day up to the 4 th week. The dose could then be increased up to 200 mg/day according to the efficacy and tolerability. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton scale for depression (HAM-D), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Results: 51 patients (42 women) were evaluated regarding efficacy and safety. Treatment with sertraline significantly decreased scores of MADRS, HAM-D e ICGfrom 15.7 ± 6.1; 12.2 ± 3.9 e 3.5 ± 0.6 to 6.2 ± 6.5; 5.4 ± 4.7 e 2.3 ± 1.0 (P < 0.0001), respectively. Sertraline was well tolerated. Gastro-intestinal upset (N=14; 24.6%), headache (N=7; 12.3%), sleep alterations (H-7; 12.3%), dizziness (N-4; 7.0%), and anorexia (N=4; 7.0%) were the most common adverse events. Six patients discontinued the treatment due to adverse events. Conclusion: Sertraline is efficient and presents a favorable safety and tolerability profile for the treatment of Brazilian patients with mild to moderate major depression. © Copyright Moreira Jr. Editora.

Síndrome das pernas inquietas: Diagnóstico e tratamento. Opinião de especialistas Brasileiros

This article contains the conclusions of the November 17-18, 2006 meeting of the Brazilian Study Group of Restless Legs Syndrome (GBE-SPI) about diagnosis and management of restless legs syndrome (RLS). RLS is characterized by abnormal sensations mostly but not exclusively in the legs which worsen in the evening and are improved by motion of the affected body part. Its diagnosis is solely based on clinical findings. Therapeutic agents with efficacy supported by Class I studies are dopamine agonists, levodopa and gabapentine. Class II studies support the use of slow release valproic acid, clonazepan and oxycodone. The GBE-SPI recommendations for management of SPI are sleep hygiene, withdrawal of medications capable of worsening the condition, treatment of comorbidities and pharmacological agents. The first choice agents are dopaminergic drugs, second choice are gabapentine or oxycodone, and the third choice are clonazepan or slow release valproic acid.

Tratamento de efluentes de carcinicultura por macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes

The efficiency of systems composed of two species of floating aquatic macrophyte (Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes) to treat effluents from shrimp culture was evaluated in this research. The effluent originated from a pond populated with Macrobrachium amazonicum. Treatment systems consisted of 12 experimental tanks with aquatic macrophyte and three tanks without plants (control). Water samples were collected from the fresh water supply and before and after passing through the treatment systems. There are no differences in the removal of nutrients between the two species. The higher nutrient removal was observed for total phosphorus (41.9% by control; 71.6% by E. crassipes; 69.9 by P. stratiotes; 72.5% by E. crassipes + P. stratiotes and 72.1 by P. stratiotes + E. crassipes) and turbidity (30.6% by control; 80.2% by E. crassipes; 75.2 by P. stratiotes; 79.8% by E. crassipes + P. stratiotes and 81.5 by P. stratiotes + E. crassipes). The systems containing aquatic macrophytes were efficient in nitrogen and phosphorus removal from M. amazonicum culture. © 2008 Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia.

Fatores relacionados à adesão das drogarias e farmácias de Tatuí-SP no projeto Farmácias Notificadoras

Pharmacovigilance is accomplished by voluntary notification of suspected adverse reactions, medication errors, and deviations from quality, by users and health professionals, through the filling in of forms that are sent to a data bank. To broaden the sources of notifications, the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), in partnership with the Regional Pharmacy Council (CRF) and Center for Health Surveillance (CVS) of each state, introduced the scheme of Notifying Pharmacies. The present study was aimed at determining the factors influencing the decision of drugstores and private pharmacies in Tatuí/SP in 2007, to join this project A descriptive, observational survey of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) was applied to volunteer pharmacists in the town. The results showed that the professionals are awave of pharmacovigilance, (95.24%) and have attitude (95.24%). However, practice is limited (6.0%). Based on this information we concluded that the low support of the project was due to lack of time, interest and no information about the benefits to society of such activity and a lack of support from the pharmacists' organizations. This situation is expected to change with the current introduction of a professional profile, the fusion of professional bodies and the promotion of social awareness on pharmacovigilance.

Análise de econometria de dois sistemas naturais de tratamento de água residuária na suinocultura

The aim of this work was to develop a detailed econometric analysis to compare a constructed wetland system - combined model, and a waste stabilization pond system - facultative pond, as a function of six different sizes of finishing pig farms and two waste management systems - wet and dry. The constructed wetland system using dried waste management showed the best economic results. This finding is due to the low-cost implementation a year both per animal and per kilogram of meat. This system also required the smallest area for waste treatment. The use of stabilization pond with wet waste management system showed a lower implementation cost a year per animal and per kilogram of meat, but it required large areas. The econometric analysis of both systems of wastewater treatment revealed an economy of scale.

Infliximabe no tratamento inicial da retocolite ulcerativa moderada e grave. Terapia top down: Relato preliminar

The first option for the treatment of UC is both: salicylates or corticoids. Recently, in late November of 2006, the Brazilian Ministry of Health has approved infliximab (Remicade c, Mantecorp, Brazil) to treat ulcerative colitis. We report the use of infliximab as a first option for the treatment of two patients with severe ulcerative colitis. Case report: Patient 1: AZF, 52 years-old, female, was first diagnosed with UC after history and clinical examination; colonoscopy showed pancolitis with positive biopsy (crypt microabscess). Her Mayo score was 10 (range: 0 to 12/asymptomatic to severe colitis). She received intra venous infusion of infliximab at a dose of 5mg/Kg of body weigh at week 0, 2, 6 and 14. Then, patient was given mesalazine 4.5 g/day for maintenance therapy. Clinical response was defined as a decreased from baseline in the total Mayo score of at least 3 points. At present, patient is asymptomatic with Mayo score of 3 one moth after the last dose of infliximab. Patient 2: MLA, 45 years-old, female was first diagnosed with bloody diarrhea; colonoscopy showed left colitis and the biopsy was positive for ulcerative colitis. Her Mayo score was 9. She was offered and accepted the step down treatment. She was given infliximab 5mg/Kg of body weight at week 0, 2, 6 and 14. After initial treatment with infliximab, she received mesalazine 4.2 g/day. At present, she is asymptomatic with Mayo score of 2 eighteen days after the last dose of infliximab. At our knowledge, this is the first Brazilian report of the use of infliximab as fist-line therapy in ulcerative colitis. Few days after the begging of the infusion, an impressive clinical and colonoscopy improvement was seen in these two patients. Recently, it has been reported the use of infliximab as first-line therapy in pediatric Crohn disease. Infliximab could be a good option in cases of moderate and severe UC to avoid the side effects of the use of high doses of corticoids in patients with moderate and severe UC. However, the question if step-down therapy in ulcerative colitis is better then conventional therapy with salicylates and corticoids needs to be answered by randomized trials.

Avaliação hematológica de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi submetidos a tratamento com antimoniato de meglumina

The present research was carried out aiming to assess the hematological response of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis submitted to treatment. For this, seven animals naturally infected by Leishmania sp. were submitted to a treatment with 75 mg/kg meglumine antimoniate subcutaneously, 12-12h/3 weeks. In all animals, a complete blood count and bone marrow aspiration biopsy were carried out for a descriptive evaluation at up to seven moments: before the treatment, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after the start of the treatment. Before the beginning of the experiment hematological alterations were observed in four of the seven dogs (57.1%), among them, nonregenerative anemia, lymphopenia, lymphocytosis and monocytosis. During the course of the experiment the occurrence of leukocytoses, such as left shift neutrophilia and eosinophilia, were observed in some of the animals. Before the beginning of the treatment (M1), the occurrence of erythrocytic hypoplasia was detected by bone marrow cytology in two of the dogs (28.6%). This was reversed through an increase in the amount of erythroid progenitor cells after the administration of meglumine antimoniate. Thus, it can be concluded that the treatment led to normalization of the hematological alterations and recovery of the bone marrow.