Retro, faux-vintage, and anachronism: When cinema looks back at Its Analogue Past

This article explores the definition of ‘vintage cinema’ and specifically re-evaluates the fetishism for the past and its regurgitation in the present by providing a taxonomy of the phenomenon in recent film production. Our contribution identifies three aesthetic categories: the faux-vintage, the retro and the anachronistic and by illustrating their overlapping and discrepancies, it argues that the past remains a powerful negotiator of meaning for the present and the future. Drawing on studies of memory and digital nostalgia, this article focuses on the latter category: anachronism and unravel the persistence of and the filmic fascination for obsolete analogue objects through an analysis of Only Lovers Left Alive (Jim Jarmusch, 2013).

Failure-Free Survival and Radiotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer: Data From Patients in the Control Arm of the STAMPEDE Trial

Importance: The natural history of patients with newly diagnosed high-risk nonmetastatic (M0) prostate cancer receiving hormone therapy (HT) either alone or with standard-of-care radiotherapy (RT) is not well documented. Furthermore, no clinical trial has assessed the role of RT in patients with node-positive (N+) M0 disease. The STAMPEDE Trial includes such individuals, allowing an exploratory multivariate analysis of the impact of radical RT.

Objective: To describe survival and the impact on failure-free survival of RT by nodal involvement in these patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants: Cohort study using data collected for patients allocated to the control arm (standard-of-care only) of the STAMPEDE Trial between October 5, 2005, and May 1, 2014. Outcomes are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs derived from adjusted Cox models; survival estimates are reported at 2 and 5 years. Participants were high-risk, hormone-naive patients with newly diagnosed M0 prostate cancer starting long-term HT for the first time. Radiotherapy is encouraged in this group, but mandated for patients with node-negative (N0) M0 disease only since November 2011.

Exposures: Long-term HT either alone or with RT, as per local standard. Planned RT use was recorded at entry.

Main Outcomes and Measures: Failure-free survival (FFS) and overall survival.

Results: A total of 721 men with newly diagnosed M0 disease were included: median age at entry, 66 (interquartile range [IQR], 61-72) years, median (IQR) prostate-specific antigen level of 43 (18-88) ng/mL. There were 40 deaths (31 owing to prostate cancer) with 17 months' median follow-up. Two-year survival was 96% (95% CI, 93%-97%) and 2-year FFS, 77% (95% CI, 73%-81%). Median (IQR) FFS was 63 (26 to not reached) months. Time to FFS was worse in patients with N+ disease (HR, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.46-2.81]) than in those with N0 disease. Failure-free survival outcomes favored planned use of RT for patients with both N0M0 (HR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.18-0.61]) and N+M0 disease (HR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.29-0.79]).

Conclusions and Relevance: Survival for men entering the cohort with high-risk M0 disease was higher than anticipated at study inception. These nonrandomized data were consistent with previous trials that support routine use of RT with HT in patients with N0M0 disease. Additionally, the data suggest that the benefits of RT extend to men with N+M0 disease.

Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00268476; ISRCTN78818544.

Species composition of coastal dune vegetation in Scotland has proved resistant to climate change over a third of a century

Climate change is expected to have an impact on plant communities as increased temperatures are expected to drive individual species' distributions polewards. The results of a revisitation study after c. 34years of 89 coastal sites in Scotland, UK, were examined to assess the degree of shifts in species composition that could be accounted for by climate change. There was little evidence for either species retreat northwards or for plots to become more dominated by species with a more southern distribution. At a few sites where significant change occurred, the changes were accounted for by the invasion, or in one instance the removal, of woody species. Also, the vegetation types that showed the most sensitivity to change were all early successional types and changes were primarily the result of succession rather than climate-driven changes. Dune vegetation appears resistant to climate change impacts on the vegetation, either as the vegetation is inherently resistant to change, management prevents increased dominance of more southerly species or because of dispersal limitation to geographically isolated sites.

Cigarette smokers have exaggerated alveolar barrier disruption in response to lipopolysaccharide inhalation

RATIONALE: Cigarette smoke exposure is associated with an increased risk of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain largely unknown.

OBJECTIVE: To assess pathways of lung injury and inflammation in smokers and non-smokers with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation using established biomarkers.

METHODS: We measured plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) biomarkers of inflammation and lung injury in smokers and non-smokers in two distinct cohorts of healthy volunteers, one unstimulated (n=20) and one undergoing 50 μg LPS inhalation (n=30).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: After LPS inhalation, cigarette smokers had increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability as measured by BAL total protein, compared with non-smokers (median 274 vs 208 μg/mL, p=0.04). Smokers had exaggerated inflammation compared with non-smokers, with increased BAL interleukin-1β (p=0.002), neutrophils (p=0.02), plasma interleukin-8 (p=0.003), and plasma matrix metalloproteinase-8 (p=0.006). Alveolar epithelial injury after LPS was more severe in smokers than non-smokers, with increased plasma (p=0.04) and decreased BAL (p=0.02) surfactant protein D. Finally, smokers had decreased BAL vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p<0.0001) with increased soluble VEGF receptor-1 (p=0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoke exposure may predispose to ARDS through an abnormal response to a 'second hit,' with increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, exaggerated inflammation, increased epithelial injury and endothelial dysfunction. LPS inhalation may serve as a useful experimental model for evaluation of the acute pulmonary effects of existing and new tobacco products.

Caractéristiques familiales associées à l'initiation précoce à la consommation de psychotropes

Cette recherche porte sur les caractéristiques familiales associées à l'initiation précoce à la consommation de psychotropes chez les enfants âgés de 10, 11 et 12 ans. Cette étude s'appuie sur le constat suivant : bien que la plupart des individus s'initient à la consommation de psychotropes au cours de l'adolescence ou au début de l'âge adulte, un certain nombre d'entre eux en consommeront dès l'enfance (Oxford, Harachi, Catalano et Abbott, 2000). Aussi, on note que depuis le début des années 1990, les jeunes manifesteraient de moins en moins leur désapprobation à l'égard de la consommation de psychotropes, augmentant ainsi le niveau d'inquiétude face à cette situation (Johnston, O'Malley et Bachman, 1999). Il est reconnu que les enfants qui s'initient à la consommation de psychotropes, tels que le tabac, l'alcool et la marijuana, avant l'âge de 12 ans augmentent singulièrement leurs risques de développer des problèmes de consommation (abus, dépendance) à l'adolescence et à l'âge adulte (Kuperman, Chan, Kramer, Bierut, Bucholz, Fox, Hesselbrock et al. , 2005; Lambert, 2005), et de présenter différents problèmes d'adaptation sur les plans personnel, familial et social (Kuperman et al. , 2005). II semble donc important de s'intéresser à cette problématique, d'autant plus que la période de développement prépubertaire est reconnue fondamentale, notamment sur le plan du développement social, émotionnel, physique, comportemental, cognitif et affectif (Thomassin, 2004). Afin d'intervenir en amont de ces difficultés et d'offrir des programmes de prévention adaptés aux enfants s'étant initiés précocement aux psychotropes, il s'avère essentiel de mieux connaître les caractéristiques familiales associées à ce phénomène (Gouvernement du Québec, 2001). Cela se justifie par le fait qu'il appartient au système familial d'exercer une influence positive afin que l'enfant adopte des comportements adaptés (Clark, Cornelius, Kirisci, et Tarter, 2005; Sung, Erkanli, Angold, et Costello, 2003; Thomassin, 2004). On retrouve effectivement différentes caractéristiques familiales qui seraient associées à l'initiation précoce des enfants à la consommation de psychotropes, notamment, la structure familiale (Saint-Jacques, Turcotte, Drapeau, Cloutier et Doré, 2004), les caractéristiques personnelles des parents dont la présence d'un problème avec la justice, de santé mentale ou de consommation de psychotropes, les pratiques éducatives lacunaires des parents à l'égard des enfants, ainsi qu'un faible engagement parental (Vitaro, Carbonneau, Gosselin, Tremblay et Zoccolillo, 2000). Les objectifs de l'étude sont donc : (1) d'identifier les caractéristiques familiales associées à l'initiation précoce à la consommation de psychotropes chez ces enfants et (2) d'identifier, parmi ces caractéristiques familiales, celles qui sont les plus fortement associées à une initiation précoce aux psychotropes."--Résumé abrégé par UMI.

Developing Web Design Skills Through Group Critiquing and Feedback.

The aim of this quasi-experimental research study was to investigate whether guided small-group discussions that involved explaining, analysing or justifying design and followed a modeling session from the teacher could improve students' creativity in web design. The convenience sample comprised of 37 third year students of the ""Publication Design and Hypermedi Technology"" program at John Abbott College in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellvue, Quebec who had enrolled in the Web Design course offered in the Fall semester of 2011. The primary instrument of this study was a set of two assigments for the course. A traditional teaching method was used during the first assignment and a small-group teaching strategy was implemented during the second one. Another instrument used in this research was a questionnaire on willingness to participate in teamwork. The last instrument of this study was a questionnaire on the type of intelligences that students possessed. It is hoped that the knowledge gathered from the study will add to the information about group-work activities and critiquing in particular.

Award for the Best Cornell Quarterly Article in 2002

[Excerpt] I am pleased to announce that the following article has been named Cornell Quarterly article of the year for 2002 (it appeared in the August 2002 issue): "Assessing the Profitability of Premium Players," by Anthony Lucas, Jim Kilby, and Jocelina Santos