A teoria de Callista Roy, a nanda-i e o cuidado ao paciente prostatectomizado

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de caso clínico, com abordagem qualitativa, o qual possui como objetivo estabelecer relações entre os diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I e os problemas de adaptação segundo o Modelo Teórico de Roy em um paciente prostatectomizado. A coleta de dados ocorreu em um hospital universitário localizado na cidade de Natal-RN, no mês de janeiro de 2011, por meio de um roteiro de entrevista e exame físico. Os diagnósticos que apresentaram relações entre a NANDA-I e o Modelo de Roy foram: dor, ansiedade, constipação, sono, atividade, volume de líquido e infecção. Conclui-se que grande parte dos problemas adaptativos segundo o Modelo de Roy, manifestados pelos pacientes no pós-operatório de prostatectomia, possuem semelhança com os diagnósticos da NANDA-I

Annaes da Camara dos Deputados. Tomo III [1920]

Anais da Câmara dos Deputados, 1920.

Reforming the public sector: personalised activation services in the UK

This paper highlights the degree of flexibility and personalisation in the UK’s welfare to work programmes. The Labour Government’s New Deals as originally designed were meant to provide personalised and tailor-made services and to meet the needs of individuals. The programmes have evolved and become more personalised and promote flexible service delivery. The chapter explores the Personal Adviser model and focuses on the development of New Deal for Young People and New Deal 25 Plus. In recent years a number of factors appear to have encouraged the development of more personalised activation services in the UK.

Research in Education

Research in Education, like any discipline, can not be conceived in isolation. For example, if a person is to conduct research on "Juvenile literature" must be clear what aspect is going to emphasize the overarching theme. For this it is important to obtain what is the psychological approach, social, philosophical, etc.. and then define what type of library material is adapted to this approach.

Sobre polinomios de Laurent ortogonales y fórmulas de cuadratura en la circunferencia unidad

El objetivo de esta tesis es el de unificar la Teoría de Sistemas Bi-ortogonales de Polinomios Trigonométricos (eje real), introducida por Szegö en 1963 como herramienta fundamental en el estudio de fórmulas de cuadratura con máximo grado de precisión trigonométrico y el de manifestar que las sucesiones de polinomios de Laurent ortogonales (circunferencia unidad) son la clave para el diseño de tales fórmulas.

Time perception in mild cognitive impairment: Interval length and subjective passage of time

Objectives: Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may have difficulties in time perception, which in turn might contribute to some of their symptoms, especially memory deficits. The aim of this study was to evaluate perception of interval length and subjective passage of time in MCI patients as compared to healthy controls. Methods: Fifty-five MCI patients and 57 healthy controls underwent an experimental protocol for time perception on interval length, a questionnaire for the subjective passage of time and a neuropsychological evaluation. Results: MCI patients presented no changes in the perception of interval length. However, for MCI patients, time seemed to pass more slowly than it did for controls. This experience was significantly correlated with memory deficits but not with performance in executive tests, nor with complaints of depression or anxiety. Conclusions: Memory deficits do not affect the perception of interval length, but are associated with alterations in the subjective passage of time.

Compartir significados sin esperar milagros

En nuestro trabajo presentamos una propuesta de cómo organizar, construir y compartir el conocimiento a través de la elaboración de Mapas Conceptuales (MC) en la asignatura Matemática III que se imparte en el primer semestre del segundo año de la carrera de ingeniería mecánica, les sometemos a su valoración una primera experiencia en este sentido, donde se establece una interrelación entre los diferentes temas que se imparten en esta asignatura, los vínculos internos que se pueden establecer mediante el uso las NTIC, enfocándolo como un espacio que garantice una renovación de los mecanismos con los que se construye el conocimiento.

SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF MOUNT MEAGER, SOUTH-WESTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

The Mount Meager Volcanic Complex (MMVC) in south-western British Columbia is a potentially active, hydrothermally altered massif comprising a series of steep, glaciated peaks. Climatic conditions and glacial retreat has led to the further weathering, exposure and de-buttressing of steep slopes composed of weak, unconsolidated material. This has resulted in an increased frequency of landslide events over the past few decades, many of which have dammed the rivers bordering the Complex. The breach of these debris dams presents a risk of flooding to the downstream communities. Preliminary mapping showed there are numerous sites around the Complex where future failure could occur. Some of these areas are currently undergoing progressive slope movement and display features to support this such as anti-scarps and tension cracks. The effect of water infiltration on stability was modelled using the Rocscience program Slide 6.0. The main site of focus was Mount Meager in the south- east of the Complex where the most recent landslide took place. Two profiles through Mount Meager were analysed along with one other location in the northern section of the MMVC, where instability had been detected. The lowest Factor of Safety (FOS) for each profile was displayed and an estimate of the volume which could be generated was deduced. A hazard map showing the inundation zones for various volumes of debris flows was created from simulations using LAHARZ. Results showed the massif is unstable, even before infiltration. Varying the amount of infiltration appears to have no significant impact on the FOS annually implying that small changes of any kind could also trigger failure. Further modelling could be done to assess the impact of infiltration over shorter time scales. The Slide models show the volume of material that could be delivered to the Lillooet River Valley to be of the order of 109 m3 which, based on the LAHARZ simulations, would completely inundate the valley and communities downstream. A major hazard of this is that the removal of such a large amount of material has the potential to trigger an explosive eruption of the geothermal system and renew volcanic activity. Although events of this size are infrequent, there is a significant risk to the communities downstream of the complex.

Natural Disasters and Comparative State-Formation and Nation-Building: Earthquakes in Argentina and Chile (1822-1939)

Natural disasters in Argentina and Chile played a significant role in the state-formation and nation-building process (1822-1939). This dissertation explores state and society responses to earthquakes by studying public and private relief efforts reconstruction plans, crime and disorder, religious interpretations of catastrophes, national and transnational cultures of disaster, science and technology, and popular politics. Although Argentina and Chile share a political border and geological boundary, the two countries provide contrasting examples of state formation. Most disaster relief and reconstruction efforts emanated from the centralized Chilean state in Santiago. In Argentina, provincial officials made the majority of decisions in a catastrophe’s aftermath. Patriotic citizens raised money and collected clothing for survivors that helped to weave divergent regions together into a nation. The shared experience of earthquakes in all regions of Chile created a national disaster culture. Similarly, common disaster experiences, reciprocal relief efforts, and aid commissions linked Chileans with Western Argentine societies and generated a transnational disaster culture. Political leaders viewed reconstruction as opportunities to implement their visions for the nation on the urban landscape. These rebuilding projects threatened existing social hierarchies and often failed to come to fruition. Rebuilding brought new technologies from Europe to the Southern Cone. New building materials and systems, however, had to be adapted to the South American economic and natural environment. In a catastrophe’s aftermath, newspapers projected images of disorder and the authorities feared lawlessness and social unrest. Judicial and criminal records, however, show that crime often decreased after a disaster. Finally, nineteenth-century earthquakes heightened antagonism and conflict between the Catholic Church and the state. Conservative clergy asserted that disasters were divine punishments for the state’s anti-clerical measures and later railed against scientific explanations of earthquakes.

Overweight/obesity and HIV disease progression in HIV+ adults in Botswana

Studies indicate that overweight and obesity protect against HIV-disease progression in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients. We examined retrospectively the relationship of overweight/obesity with HIV-disease progression in ART-naïve HIV+ adults in Botswana in a case-control study with 18-month follow-up, which included 217 participants, 139 with BMI 18.0-24.9 kg/m 2 and 78 with BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Archived plasma samples were used to determine inflammatory markers: leptin and bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and genotype single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO). ^ At baseline, BMI was inversely associated with risk for AIDS-defining conditions (HR=0.218; 95%CI=0.068, 0.701, P=0.011), and higher fat mass was associated with reduced risk of the combined outcome of CD4+cell count ≤250/µL and AIDS-defining conditions, whichever occurred earlier (HR=0.918; 95%CI=0.847, 0.994, P=0.036) over 18 months, adjusting for age, gender, marriage, children, and baseline CD4+cell count and HIV-viral load. ^ FTO-SNP rs17817449 was associated with BMI (OR=1.082; 95%CI=1.001, 1.169; P=0.047). Fat mass was associated with the risk alleles of rs1121980 (OR=1.065; 95%CI=1.009, 1.125, P=0.021), rs8050136 (OR=1.078; 95%CI=1.021, 1.140; P=0.007), and rs17817449 (OR=1.086; 95%CI=1.031, 1.145; P=0.002), controlling for age, gender, tribe, total energy intake, and activity. There were no associations of SNPs with markers of disease progression. ^ Leptin levels were positively associated with BMI (β=1.764; 95%CI=0.788, 2.739; P=0.022) and fat mass (β=0.112; 95%CI=0.090, 0.135; P<0.001), but inversely with viral load (β=-0.305; 95%CI=-0.579, -.031; P=0.030). LPS levels were inversely associated with BMI (OR=0.790, 95%CI=0.630, 0.990; P=0.041), and fat mass (OR=0.852, 95%CI=0.757, 0.958; P=0.007) and directly with viral load (OR=2.608, 95%CI=1.111, 6.124; P=0.028), adjusting for age, gender, smoking and %fat mass. ^ In this cohort, overweight/obesity predicted slower HIV-disease progression. Obesity may confer an advantage in maintaining fat stores to support the overactive immune system. FTO-SNPs may contribute to the variation in fat mass; however, they were not associated with HIV-disease progression. Our findings suggest that the obesity paradox may be explained by the association of increased LPS with lower BMI and higher viral load; while viral load decreased with increasing leptin levels. Studies in African populations are needed to clarify whether genetic variation and inflammation mediate the obesity paradox in HIV-disease progression.^

Laminar and cellular distribution of AMPA, kainate, and NMDA receptor subunits in monkey sensory-motor cortex

In situ hybridization histochemistry and immunocytochemistry were used to examine lamina- and cell-specific expression of glutamate receptor (GluR) mRNAs and polypeptide subunits in motor and somatosensory cortex of macaque monkeys. Radioactive complementary RNA (cRNA) probes were prepared from cDNAs specific for α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxozolepropionate (AMPA)/kainate (GluR1-GluR4), kainate (GluR5-GluR7), and N-methylD-aspartate (NMDA; NR1, NR2A-NR2D) receptor subunits. AMPA/kainate and NR1, NR2A, and NR2B receptor transcripts show higher expression than other transcripts. All transcripts show lamina-specific patterns of distribution. GluR2 and GluR4 mRNAs show higher expression than do GluR1 and GluR3 mRNAs. GluR6 transcript expression is higher than that of GluR5 and GluR7. NR1 mRNA expression is much higher than that of NR2 mRNAs. NR2C subunit expression is very low except for a very distinct band of high expression in layer IV of area 3b. Immunocytochemistry, using subunit-specific antisera and double labeling for calbindin, parvalbumin, or α type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII-α), allowed identification of cell types expressing different subunit genes. GluR1 and GluR5/6/7 immunoreactivity is found in both pyramidal cells and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) cells; GluR2/3 immunoreactivity is preferentially found in pyramidal cells, whereas GluR4 immunoreactivity is largely restricted to GABA cells; NMDA receptor subunit immunoreactivity is far greater in excitatory cells than in GABA cells. The density of expression of AMPA/kainate, kainate, and NMDA receptor subunit mRNAs differed within and across the architectonic fields of sensory-motor cortex. This finding and the lamina- and cell-specific patterns of expression suggest assembly of functional receptors from different arrangements of available subunits in specific neuronal populations.

Development of metabotropic glutamate receptors from trigeminal nuclei to barrel cortex in postnatal mouse

Expression patterns of group I (mGluR1α and mGluR5)and group II (mGluR2/3) metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes were examined immunocytochemically in the trigeminal system of mice during the first 3 weeks of postnatal development, when somatotopic whisker representations are sequentially established from brainstem through thalamus to cerebral cortex. Immunostaining for all three epitopes formed whisker-related patterns in the trigeminal nuclei from postnatal day (P) 0, in the ventral posterior thalamic nucleus from P2, and in the posteromedial barrel subfield of somatosensory cortex (SI) from P4. The appearance of whisker-related patterns was preceded by increased levels of immunostaining of the neuropil, which subsequently declined from the trigeminal nuclei upward. In SI, mGluR1α-positive neurons were observed in all cortical layers from P2. mGluR5 was localized in neurons, glial cells, and neuropil from P2. mGluR2/3 immunostaining was distributed only in the neuropil at all ages. The three receptor subtypes showed moderate to high expression in deep layer V throughout development. Transient expression peaked in the hollows of layer IV barrels from P4 to P9, and then fell off as expression increased in supragranular layers from P14 to P21. The deep aspect of the cortical subplate (layer VIb) showed dense mGluR5 and less dense mGluR1α immunostaining throughout development. Up-regulation of expression of group I and II mGluRs is correlated with the growth and refinement of connectivity and the establishment of somatotopic patterns in the three main relay stations of the trigeminal system. This finding suggests roles for mGluRs in the early processing of sensory information and in developmental plasticity.

Un aporte a la comprensión de las estrategias emergentes en las organizaciones a través del concepto de improvisación y la metáfora musical

Este trabajo se inscribe en uno de los grandes campos de los estudios organizacionales: la estrategia. La perspectiva clásica en este campo promovió la idea de que proyectarse hacia el futuro implica diseñar un plan (una serie de acciones deliberadas). Avances posteriores mostraron que la estrategia podía ser comprendida de otras formas. Sin embargo, la evolución del campo privilegió en alguna medida la mirada clásica estableciendo, por ejemplo, múltiples modelos para ‘formular’ una estrategia, pero dejando en segundo lugar la manera en la que esta puede ‘emerger’. El propósito de esta investigación es, entonces, aportar al actual nivel de comprensión respecto a las estrategias emergentes en las organizaciones. Para hacerlo, se consideró un concepto opuesto —aunque complementario— al de ‘planeación’ y, de hecho, muy cercano en su naturaleza a ese tipo de estrategias: la improvisación. Dado que este se ha nutrido de valiosos aportes del mundo de la música, se acudió al saber propio de este dominio, recurriendo al uso de ‘la metáfora’ como recurso teórico para entenderlo y alcanzar el objetivo propuesto. Los resultados muestran que 1) las estrategias deliberadas y las emergentes coexisten y se complementan, 2) la improvisación está siempre presente en el contexto organizacional, 3) existe una mayor intensidad de la improvisación en el ‘como’ de la estrategia que en el ‘qué’ y, en oposición a la idea convencional al respecto, 4) se requiere cierta preparación para poder improvisar de manera adecuada.

Covariant Spectator Theory of heavy–light and heavy mesons and the predictive power of covariant interaction kernels

The Covariant Spectator Theory (CST) is used to calculate the mass spectrum and vertex functions of heavy–light and heavy mesons in Minkowski space. The covariant kernel contains Lorentz scalar, pseudoscalar, and vector contributions. The numerical calculations are performed in momentum space, where special care is taken to treat the strong singularities present in the confining kernel. The observed meson spectrum is very well reproduced after fitting a small number of model parameters. Remarkably, a fit to a few pseudoscalar meson states only, which are insensitive to spin–orbit and tensor forces and do not allow to separate the spin–spin from the central interaction, leads to essentially the same model parameters as a more general fit. This demonstrates that the covariance of the chosen interaction kernel is responsible for the very accurate prediction of the spin-dependent quark–antiquark interactions.