Relació entre el risc de patir una lesió de trànsit i les malalties del subjecte conductor, analitzades des de l’àmbit de l’Atenció Primària

INTRODUCCIÓ: Lesions per trànsit (LT), evitables i problema de salut publica. Àmbit d’atenció primària (AP) lloc on investigar i actuar. Possible relació entre malalties cròniques del conductor i LT. MÈTODES: estudi descriptiu, transversal i multicèntric, conductors amb història clínica, Barcelona, 2009. 1900 enquestes personals, mostreig consecutiu. Variables sociodemogràfiques, sobre conducció i salut. RESULTATS: 57,3% homes, 8,5% conductors professionals, 12,5% havia patit una LT, 6% va precisar ajuda mèdica. 51,5% malalts crònics, predominant malalties cardiovasculars i limitacions visuals. CONCLUSIONS: No van trobar relacions significatives entre malalties cròniques i LT. Limitacions:imperfecció dels sistemes de registre, fiabilitat feble de dades autodeclarades, presencia de possibles factors de confusió.

Efectos sobre la calidad de la inducción anestésica y agitación postoperatoria en niños según la presencia paterna en el quirófano

La presència paterna com una intervenció no farmacològica per a reduïr l’estrés i millorar la cooperació infantil durant la inducció anestèsica ha estat freqüentment estudiada, sobretot als països anglosaxons, amb resultats contradictoris. L’objectiu del present estudi és avaluar la qualitat de la inducció anestèsica i del postoperatori segons la presència paterna o no a la mateixa en xiquets espanyols, ASA I-II, no premedicats, programats per a cirurgía otorrinolaringológica. Hem trobat un increment de la incidència d’inducció suau i una disminució de la inducció traumàtica al grup de xiquets amb presència paterna (p&0.05).

Prevention of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes: what do we know?

Cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease are epidemic throughout industrialized societies. Diabetes leads to premature cardiovascular disease and is regarded by many as the most common etiological factor for chronic kidney disease. Because most studies of blood-pressure lowering agents in people with diabetes and hypertension have been conducted in individuals who already have some target organ damage, it is unclear whether earlier intervention could prevent or delay the onset of renal or systemic vascular disease. In early disease there is only a low possibility of observing cardiovascular or renal events; thus intervention trials in this population must rely on disease markers such as microalbuminuria. Accordingly, the authors review the evidence to support the use of microalbuminuria as a disease marker in diabetic patients based on its strong association with renal and cardiovascular events, and discuss recent trials that examine the impact of preventing or delaying the onset of microalbuminuria.

Clinical application of differential time to positivity of blood cultures as a diagnostic method for catheter-related bloodstream infection.

La sospita de bacterièmia relacionada a catèter (BRC) necessita la retirada d’aquest, confirmant-se a posteriori només en un 15-25%. La diferencia en el temps de positivització d´ hemocultius (DTP) ha demostrat ser un mètode fiable per el diagnòstic de BRC evitant la retirada del catèter. Amb la intenció de comprovar la utilitat clínica de la DTP, l’hem comparada amb un mètode diagnòstic estàndard. Hem inclòs 133 pacients ingressats a una unitat de cures intensives portadors de catèters venosos centrals. 56 pacients s’han aleatoritzats. No hem trobat diferències significatives en quant a morbi-mortalitat en els 2 grups havent evitat 70% de retirada innecessària de catèters en el grup de DTP.

Origen biogeogràfic i risc de varicel.la entre la població immigrant adulta de Catalunya

Es tracta de un estudi observacional longitudinal durant 2 anys naturals (07/2004 - 06/2006) i multicèntric (4 centres d’atenció primària) on es van monitoritzar i comparar les incidències de varicel.la registrades en les diferents poblacions ateses segons una classificació basada en el seu origen biogeogràfic. Les taxes d’incidència obtingudes, estandaritzades x 1000/any van ser, en ordre creixent: holoàrtics 2,17 (IC 95%: 1,95-2,39); autòctons 2,25 (IC 95%: 2,02-2,47); immigrants 3,59 (IC 95%: 2,92-4,26); neotropicals 4,50 (IC 95%: 3,28-5,71); no-holoàrtics 5,38 (IC 95%4,27-6,14); paleotropicals asiàtics 7,03 (IC 95%: 4,77-9,28) i paleotropicals etiòpics 7,05 (IC 95%: 1,12-23,58). Les diferències obtingudes en relació a la població autòctona es van centrar en los immigrants d’origen neotropical (raó d’incidència estandaritzada = 2,07; o un excés de 4,5 casos x 1000 habitants) i paleotropical asiàtica =3,24; o un excés de 9,6 casos x 1000 habitants) En conclusió, la població d’origen indostànic i, en menor grau, la d’origen sud-americà poden tenir una vulnerabilitat a la varicel.la superior al de la població autòctona.

The epidemiologic importance of Triatoma brasiliensis as a Chagas disease vector in Brazil: a revision of domiciliary captures during 1993-1999

To clarify the epidemiologic importance of Triatoma brasiliensis, the most important Chagas disease vector in the Northeastern of Brazil, capture data related to this species, its distribution, capture index, and percentages of natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi were examined in 12 different Brazilian states. The Brazilian National Health Foundation collected these data from 1993 to 1999, a period during which a total of 1,591,280 triatomines (21 species) were captured in domiciles within the geographic range of T. brasiliensis. Of this total, 422,965 (26.6%) were T. brasiliensis, 99.8% of which were collected in six states, and 54% in only one state (Ceará). The percentage of bugs infected with T. cruzi varied significantly among states, ranging from 0% (Goiás, Maranhão, Sergipe, and Tocantins) to more than 3% (Alagoas, Minas Gerais, and Rio Grande do Norte) with an average of 1.3%. This latter value represents a dramatic reduction in the natural infection percentages since 1983 (6.7%) suggesting that, despite the impossibility of eradicating this native species, the control measures have significantly reduced the risk of transmission. However, the wide geographic distribution of T. brasiliensis, its high incidence observed in some states, and its variable percentages of natural infection by T. cruzi indicate the need for sustained entomological surveillance and continuous control measures against this vector.

Informatización de una biblioteca mediante una BD multimedia

El projecte té com objectiu desenvolupar una aplicació informàtica per a una biblioteca. El principal handicap que tindrà aquesta aplicació és que algunes de les dades que s'hi volen desar són de diversos formats: imatges, sons, dibuixos, pel·lícules de DVD, arxius doc, arxius application/pdf, etc.

Projecte de usabilitat : Menú gestió acadèmica telemàtica de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya

La finalitat general d'aquest projecte és dissenyar i avaluar la facilitat d'ús del menú de l'aplicació GAT. Els objectius principals són ordenar, agrupar i classificar les opcions del menú, agrupar-les per processos i subprocessos de la UOC, disminuir l'adaptació a l'aplicació, facilitar-ne l'aprenentatge i distingir amb claredat si és una opció de tipus formulari o de tipus web.

Polymorphisms of CD16A and CD32 Fcgamma receptors and circulating immune complexes in Meniere's disease: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune diseases with elevated circulating autoantibodies drive tissue damage and the onset of disease. The Fcγ receptors bind IgG subtypes modulating the clearance of circulating immune complexes (CIC). The inner ear damage in Ménière's disease (MD) could be mediated by an immune response driven by CIC. We examined single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the CD16A and CD32 genes in patients with MD which may determine a Fcγ receptor with lower binding to CIC. METHODS: The functional CD16A (FcγRIIIa*559A > C, rs396991) and CD32A (FcγRIIa*519A > G, rs1801274) SNPs were analyzed using PCR-based TaqMan Genotyping Assay in two cohorts of 156 mediterranean and 112 Galicia patients in a case-control study. Data were analyzed by χ2 with Fisher's exact test and Cochran-Armitage trend test (CATT). CIC were measured by ELISA for C1q-binding CIC. RESULTS: Elevated CIC were found in 7% of patients with MD during the intercrisis period. No differences were found in the allelic frequency for rs396991 or rs1801274 in controls subjects when they were compared with patients with MD from the same geographic area. However, the frequency of AA and AC genotypes of CD16A (rs396991) differed among mediterranean and Galicia controls (Fisher's test, corrected p = 6.9 × 10-4 for AA; corrected p = 0.02 for AC). Although genotype AC of the CD16A receptor was significantly more frequent in mediterranean controls than in patients, [Fisher's test corrected p = 0.02; OR = 0.63 (0.44-0.91)], a genetic additive effect for the allele C was not observed (CATT, p = 0.23). Moreover, no differences were found in genotype frequencies for rs396991 between patients with MD and controls from Galicia (CATT, p = 0.14). The allelic frequency of CD32 (rs1801274) was not different between patients and controls either in mediterranean (p = 0.51) or Galicia population (p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated CIC are not found in most of patients with MD. Functional polymorphisms of CD16A and CD32 genes are not associated with onset of MD.

Endocannabinoid system and psychiatry: in search of a neurobiological basis for detrimental and potential therapeutic effects.

Public concern on mental health has noticeably increased given the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders. Cognition and emotionality are the most affected functions in neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., anxiety disorders, depression, and schizophrenia. In this review, most relevant literature on the role of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in neuropsychiatric disorders will be presented. Evidence from clinical and animal studies is provided for the participation of CB1 and CB2 receptors (CB1R and CB2R) in the above mentioned neuropsychiatric disorders. CBRs are crucial in some of the emotional and cognitive impairments reported, although more research is required to understand the specific role of the eCB system in neuropsychiatric disorders. Cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychotropic component of the Cannabis sativa plant, has shown therapeutic potential in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Although further studies are needed, recent studies indicate that CBD therapeutic effects may partially depend on facilitation of eCB-mediated neurotransmission. Last but not least, this review includes recent findings on the role of the eCB system in eating disorders. A deregulation of the eCB system has been proposed to be in the bases of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including eating disorders. Cannabis consumption has been related to the appearance of psychotic symptoms and schizophrenia. In contrast, the pharmacological manipulation of this eCB system has been proposed as a potential strategy for the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, and anorexia nervosa. In conclusion, the eCB system plays a critical role in psychiatry; however, detrimental consequences of manipulating this endogenous system cannot be underestimated over the potential and promising perspectives of its therapeutic manipulation.

Characteristics of victims of violence admitted to a specialized medico-legal unit in Switzerland.

To improve care and services to victims of interpersonal violence, a medico-legal consultation unit was set up at the Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland in 2006. Adult victims of violence are referred to the consultation by the emergency department. Patients are received by forensic nurses for support, forensic examination and community orientation. A descriptive study of medical reports filled for the 2006 population was conducted in 2007 with the aim to explore characteristics of this specific population and to better orient prevention. Among the 422 patients in 2006, 57% were men and 43% women, with a median age of 31 years old. Violent episodes took place in a public place for 90% of male victims and at home for 70% of female victims. The perpetrators were mostly unknown to male victims (62% of all men victims) and mostly known (usually the partner or a former partner) to female victims (90% of all women victims). For 80% of the women and 47% of the men, the violent event which brought them to the consultation, was not the first one. Because 90% of all patients under study were victimized by men., not only is it necessary to target prevention program to match the potential victims, prevention messages must also focus on potential offenders, especially on young men.

Randomized phase 3 trial of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide alone or followed by Paclitaxel for early breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Taxanes are among the most active drugs for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, and, as a consequence, they have also been studied in the adjuvant setting. METHODS After breast cancer surgery, women with lymph node-positive disease were randomly assigned to treatment with fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) or with FEC followed by weekly paclitaxel (FEC-P). The primary endpoint of study-5-year disease-free survival (DFS)-was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Secondary endpoints included overall survival and analysis of the prognostic and predictive value of clinical and molecular (hormone receptors by immunohistochemistry and HER2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization) markers. Associations and interactions were assessed with a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model for DFS for the following covariates: age, menopausal status, tumor size, lymph node status, type of chemotherapy, tumor size, positive lymph nodes, HER2 status, and hormone receptor status. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Among the 1246 eligible patients, estimated rates of DFS at 5 years were 78.5% in the FEC-P arm and 72.1% in the FEC arm (difference = 6.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6% to 11.2%; P = .006). FEC-P treatment was associated with a 23% reduction in the risk of relapse compared with FEC treatment (146 relapses in the 614 patients in the FEC-P arm vs 193 relapses in the 632 patients in the FEC arm, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.95; P = .022) and a 22% reduction in the risk of death (73 and 95 deaths, respectively, HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.06; P = .110). Among the 928 patients for whom tumor samples were centrally analyzed, type of chemotherapy (FEC vs FEC-P) (P = .017), number of involved axillary lymph nodes (P < .001), tumor size (P = .020), hormone receptor status (P = .004), and HER2 status (P = .006) were all associated with DFS. We found no statistically significant interaction between HER2 status and paclitaxel treatment or between hormone receptor status and paclitaxel treatment. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with operable breast cancer, FEC-P treatment statistically significantly reduced the risk of relapse compared with FEC as adjuvant therapy.