Elektrol smörjningstabell n:o 3

kuv., 13 x 22 cm

Federal kuorma-autot hinnasto N:o 3

kuv., 22 x 29 cm

Myyntirahoitus anomus N:o 3

22 x 28 cm

Tavallinen Mannesmann-Mulag 3 1/2 tonnin kuorma-auto kardaanivedolla

kuv., 24 x 16 cm

Seiberling All-Tread hinnasto N:o 3. - 15.3.29

kuv., 11 x 14 cm

Poikkimaantien parantaminen välillä Terminaalitie - valtatie 22 : Kehittämissuunnitelma

Kehittämissuunnitelman tavoitetilanteena on vuosi 2030, johon esitetään edettäväksi kahdessa vaiheessa. Suunnitelman laatimisen lähtökohtana ovat olleet suunnittelualueen nykyinen väyläverkko ja maankäyttö, aikaisemmin laaditut ja käynnissä olevat väyläsuunnitelmat sekä Oulun yleiskaava ja alueen asemakaavat. Suunnittelun lähtötietoina ovat olleet suunnittelujakson liikennemäärät, hankekohtainen liikenne-ennuste v. 2030 sekä liikenneonnettomuustiedot. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa Poikkimaantielle esitetään rakennettavaksi toinen ajokaista idän suuntaan Äimärautiolta valtatien 4 eritasoliittymään. Äimäraution siltojen kohdalla uuden ajokaistan vaatima lisätila saadaan kaventamalla nykyistä 5 metrin levyistä kevyen liikenteen väylää. Poikkimaantien liittymiä parannetaan lisäkaistoja rakentamalla. Lisäksi tehdään kevyen liikenteen järjestelyjä ja täydennetään melusuojauksia. Ensimmäisessä vaiheeseen liittyen suunnitelmassa on huomioitu myös Terminaalitien liittymän parantaminen, valtatien 4 Lintulan eritasoliittymän lisäramppi pysäkkijärjestelyineen sekä valtatien 22 liikennevalo-ohjatun tasoliittymän parantamistoimenpiteet. Nämä toteutetaan erillishankkeina eivätkä ne ole mukana kustannusarviossa. Ensimmäisen vaiheen parantamistoimenpiteiden kustannukset ovat noin 3,0 milj. euroa. Kustannukset sisältävät siltojen parantamisen, mutta ei meluesteitä. Poikkimaantien varren meluesteiden kustannusennuste on noin 0,5 -1,0 milj. euroa estetyypistä riippuen. Esitettyjen liikenneratkaisujen arvioidaan palvelevan liikenteen sujuvuuden ja liittymien toimivuuden osalta vuoteen 2025 saakka. Ratkaisuilla parannetaan Poikkimaantien pääsuunnan, liittymien ja kevyen liikenteen sujuvuutta ja turvallisuutta. Melusuojauksen täydentämisellä vähennetään asutukseen kohdistuvia meluhaittoja. Vuoden 2030 tavoitetilanteen kehittämisratkaisuksi esitetään nelikaistatietä välille Äimätie – valtatien 4 Lintulan eritasoliittymän itäpuolinen ramppi. Ratkaisu edellyttää, että Limingantien ylittävää siltaa, rautatien ylittävää siltaa ja alikulkukäytäväsiltoja levennetään 7 metrillä. Poikkimaantien liittymien sivusuunnille rakennetaan lisäkaistoja ja pääsuunnan kääntymiskaistajärjestelyjä parannetaan. Meluesteet ovat vaiheen 1 ratkaisun mukaiset. Tavoitetilanteeseen liittyy Limingantulli - Äimärautio katuyhteys ja radan alikulku sekä valtatien 22 perusverkon eritasoliittymä. Vaiheittain edeten hankkeen kokonaiskustannukset ovat noin 9,5 milj. euroa, josta siltojen osuus noin 4 milj. euroa. Ratkaisulla turvataan Poikkimaantien ja sen liittymien toimivuus sekä turvallisuus pitkälle tulevaisuuteen. Ensimmäisen ratkaisun toteuttaminen vuonna 2020 on jo 10 vuoden tarkastelujaksolla liikennetaloudellisesti erittäin kannattava (hyöty-kustannus suhde 3,2). Kokonaisuutena tarkasteltuna hanke on liikennetaloudellisesti kannattava (hyöty-kustannussuhde 1,9).

Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

1. Fish oils are rich in the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids. Linseed oil and green plant tissues are rich in the precursor fatty acid, a-linolenic acid (18:3n-3). Most vegetable oils are rich in the n-6 PUFA linoleic acid (18:2n-6), the precursor of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). 2. Arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2 are pro-inflammatory and regulate the functions of cells of the immune system. Consumption of fish oils leads to replacement of arachidonic acid in cell membranes by eicosapentaenoic acid. This changes the amount and alters the balance of eicosanoids produced. 3. Consumption of fish oils diminishes lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, natural killer cell activity, macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity, monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis, major histocompatibility class II expression and antigen presentation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins 1 and 6, tumour necrosis factor) and adhesion molecule expression. 4. Feeding laboratory animals fish oil reduces acute and chronic inflammatory responses, improves survival to endotoxin and in models of autoimmunity and prolongs the survival of grafted organs. 5. Feeding fish oil reduces cell-mediated immune responses. 6. Fish oil supplementation may be clinically useful in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions and following transplantation. 7. n-3 PUFAs may exert their effects by modulating signal transduction and/or gene expression within inflammatory and immune cells.

Genetic characterization of dengue virus type 3 isolates in the State of Rio de Janeiro, 2001

The genetic characterization of dengue virus type 3 (DEN-3) strains isolated from autochthonous cases in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2001 is presented. Restriction site-specific (RSS)-PCR performed on 22 strains classified the Brazilian DEN-3 viruses as subtype C, a subtype that contains viruses from Sri Lanka, India, Africa and recent isolates from Central America. Nucleic acid sequencing (positions 278 to 2550) of one DEN-3 strain confirmed the origin of these strains, since genotype III - classified by sequencing - and RSS-PCR subtype C are correlated. This genetic subtype has been associated with hemorrhagic dengue epidemics and the information provided here could be useful to implement appropriate prevention and control measures.

The effects of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, adenosine triphosphate, and glycosylated hemoglobin on the hemoglobin-oxygen affinity of diabetic patients

The position of the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) is modulated by 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). Decreases in 2,3-DPG concentration within the red cell shift the curve to the left, whereas increases in concentration cause a shift to the right of the ODC. Some earlier studies on diabetic patients have reported that insulin treatment may reduce the red cell concentrations of 2,3-DPG, causing a shift of the ODC to the left, but the reports are contradictory. Three groups were compared in the present study: 1) nondiabetic control individuals (N = 19); 2) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients (on insulin treatment) (N = 19); 3) non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients using oral hypoglycemic agents and no insulin treatment (N = 22). The overall position of the ODC was the same for the three groups despite an increase of the glycosylated hemoglobin fraction that was expected to shift the ODC to the left in both groups of diabetic patients (HbA1c: control, 4.6%; IDDM, 10.5%; NIDDM, 9.0%). In IDDM patients, the effect of the glycosylated hemoglobin fraction on the position of the ODC appeared to be counterbalanced by small though statistically significant increases in 2,3-DPG concentration from 2.05 (control) to 2.45 µmol/ml blood (IDDM). Though not statistically significant, an increase of 2,3-DPG also occurred in NIDDM patients, while red cell ATP levels were the same for all groups. The positions of the ODC were the same for control subjects, IDDM and NIDDM patients. Thus, the PO2 at 50% hemoglobin-oxygen saturation was 26.8, 28.2 and 28.5 mmHg for control, IDDM and NIDDM, respectively. In conclusion, our data question the idea of adverse side effects of insulin treatment on oxygen transport. In other words, the shift to the left reported by others to be caused by insulin treatment was not detected.

Relation of cervical length at 22-24 weeks of gestation to demographic characteristics and obstetric history

Preterm delivery is the main cause of neonatal death and ultrasonographic cervical assessment has been shown to be more accurate than digital examination in recognizing a short cervix. This is a cross-sectional study, involving 1131 women at 22-24 weeks of pregnancy, designed to determine the distribution of cervical length and to examine which variables of demographic characteristics and obstetric history increase the risk of a short cervix (15 mm or less). The distribution of maternal demographic and obstetric history characteristics among patients with cervical length £15 mm was analyzed and compared to the findings for the general population. Risk ratios (RR) between subgroups were generated from this comparison. Median cervical length was 37 mm and in 1.5% of cases it was 15 mm or less. The proportion of women with a short cervix (<=15 mm) was significantly higher among patients with a low body mass index (RR = 3.5) and in those with previous fetal losses between 16-23 weeks (RR = 33.1) or spontaneous preterm deliveries between 24-32 weeks (RR = 14.1). We suggest that transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length be performed as part of a routine midtrimester ultrasound evaluation. There are specific variables of demographic characteristics and obstetric history which increase the risk of detecting a short cervix at 22-24 weeks.

Cultural adaptation and validation of the "Kidney Disease and Quality of Life - Short Form (KDQOL-SF™ 1.3)" in Brazil

The objective of the present study was to translate the Kidney Disease Quality of Life - Short Form (KDQOL-SF™1.3) questionnaire into Portuguese to adapt it culturally and validate it for the Brazilian population. The KDQOL-SF was translated into Portuguese and back-translated twice into English. Patient difficulties in understanding the questionnaire were evaluated by a panel of experts and solved. Measurement properties such as reliability and validity were determined by applying the questionnaire to 94 end-stage renal disease patients on chronic dialysis. The Nottingham Health Profile Questionnaire, the Karnofsky Performance Scale and the Kidney Disease Questionnaire were administered to test validity. Some activities included in the original instrument were considered to be incompatible with the activities usually performed by the Brazilian population and were replaced. The mean scores for the 19 components of the KDQOL-SF questionnaire in Portuguese ranged from 22 to 91. The components "Social support" and "Dialysis staff encouragement" had the highest scores (86.7 and 90.8, respectively). The test-retest reliability and the inter-observer reliability of the instrument were evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient. The coefficients for both reliability tests were statistically significant for all scales of the KDQOL-SF (P < 0.001), ranging from 0.492 to 0.936 for test-retest reliability and from 0.337 to 0.994 for inter-observer reliability. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was higher than 0.80 for most of components. The Portuguese version of the KDQOL-SF questionnaire proved to be valid and reliable for the evaluation of quality of life of Brazilian patients with end-stage renal disease on chronic dialysis.

C-reactive protein in acute coronary syndrome: association with 3-year outcomes

Inflammatory markers have been associated with clinical outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The present study evaluated the role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements as a predictor of late cardiovascular outcomes after ACS. One hundred and ninety-nine ACS patients in a Coronary Care Unit from March to November 2002 were included and were reassessed clinically after ~3 years. Clinical variables and CRP levels were evaluated as predictors of major cardiovascular events (MACE, defined as the occurrence of cardiac death, ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction) and mortality. Statistical analyses included Cox multivariable analysis and survival curves (Kaplan-Meier). Of the 199 patients, 11 died within 1 month (5.5%). Of the 188 remaining patients, 22 died after a mean follow-up of 2.9 ± 0.5 years. Baseline CRP levels for patients with MACE (N = 57) were significantly higher than those of patients with no events (median = 0.67 mg/L; 25th-75th percentiles = 0.32 and 1.99 mg/L vs median = 0.45 mg/L; 25th-75th percentiles = 0.24 and 0.83 mg/L; P < 0.001). Patients with CRP levels >3 mg/L had a significantly lower survival than the other two groups (1-3 and <1 mg/L; P = 0.001, log-rank test). The odds ratio for MACE was 7.41 (2.03-27.09) for patients with CRP >3 mg/L compared with those with CRP <1 mg/L. For death by any cause, the hazard ratio was 4.58 (1.93-10.86). High CRP levels predicted worse long-term outcomes (MACE and death by any cause) in patients with ACS.

Farinha integral de trigo germinado: 3. Características nutricionais e estabilidade ao armazenamento

O trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) é usado principalmente para alimentação humana, na forma de farinhas. A germinação pode ser útil para melhorar a qualidade protéica, bem como a de outros nutrientes do trigo, e a estabilidade das farinhas produzidas de trigo germinado é desconhecida. Assim, este trabalho investigou, em laboratório, o efeito da germinação sobre algumas características nutricionais e sobre a estabilidade ao armazenamento de farinhas integrais de trigo germinado por 48 (FITG48), 72 (FITG72) e 96 horas (FITG96). O perfil de aminoácidos das FITGs foi considerado bom, quando comparado com o da farinha controle e com o do padrão teórico da FAO para pré-escolares (2-5 anos). Somente a lisina (primeiro aminoácido limitante) e a treonina das FITGs mostraram valores mais baixos que o do citado padrão. O escore químico (em torno de 56-57) e o escore de aminoácidos corrigido pela digestibilidade protéica (em torno de 54-58) foram mais altos nas FITGs que na farinha integral controle (48 e 42, respectivamente). Com base nesses resultados, as características nutricionais das FITGs foram melhoradas pela germinação de trigo. Com relação à estabilidade ao armazenamento, o pH diminuiu e a acidez álcool-solúvel aumentou de acordo com o tempo de germinação de trigo. As FITGs foram estáveis até 4 meses de armazenamento, com exceção da FITG96, que apresentou alto nível de acidez álcool-solúvel, provavelmente devido à rancidez hidrolítica. O hexanal, uma medida da deterioração oxidativa, foi encontrado somente na farinha controle; nas FITGs não foi detectado, indicando boa estabilidade oxidativa durante 6 meses de armazenamento.

Chemometrics applied to the incorporation of omega-3 in tilapia fillet feed flaxseed flour

This study evaluated the effect of adding flaxseed flour to the diet of Nile tilapia on the fatty acid composition of fillets using chemometrics. A traditional and an experimental diet containing flaxseed flour were used to feed the fish for 60 days. An increase of 18:3 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 and a decrease of 18:2 n-6 were observed in the tilapia fillets fed the experimental diet. There was a reduction in the n-6:n-3 ratio. A period of 45 days of incorporation caused a significant change in tilapia chemical composition. Principal Component Analysis showed that the time periods of 45 and 60 days positively contributed to the total content of n-3, LNA, and DHA, highlighting the effect of omega-3 incorporation in the treatment containing flaxseed flour.