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The effects of turbulent Reynolds number, Ret, on the transport of scalar dissipation rate of reaction progress variable in the context of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulations have been analyzed using three-dimensional simplified chemistry-based direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of freely propagating turbulent premixed flames with different values of Ret. Scaling arguments have been used to explain the effects of Ret on the turbulent transport, scalar-turbulence interaction, and the combined reaction and molecular dissipation terms. Suitable modifications to the models for these terms have been proposed to account for Ret effects, and the model parameters include explicit Ret dependence. These expressions approach expected asymptotic limits for large values of Ret. However, turbulent Reynolds number Ret does not seem to have any major effects on the modeling of the term arising from density variation. Copyright © Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

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系统发育和生物地理学分析认为喜马拉雅地区  鱼类的物种分化过程与青 藏高原的隆升有直接的关系,并可用隔离分化假说加以解释. 鱼类的祖先与目前 广布的纹胸 属鱼类和/或 属鱼类相似.在Tethys海封闭、印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞 的初期,纹胸 属鱼类或经属鱼类广泛分布于青藏高原地区.更新世后,随着碰撞的 加深,青藏高原逐步隆起并造就了山区水系的急流环境,  鱼类就是在这种环境因 子的压迫下从类纹胸 属鱼类产生的.目前跨喜马拉雅山分布的原 属就是  鱼类 中最原始的种类.在青藏高原的3次隆升过程中,随着该区域水

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在人工诱导的复合三倍体鲤鱼成熟个体中有极个别个体产出的卵既保留了原有的3套染色体,又能与一套外来精核融合产生四倍体。1997年人工产生的8000多尾鲤鲫四倍体鱼经细胞遗传学研究分析鉴定,结果所有的个体都有4套染色体组,染色体数目在185~210之间,众数为200,四倍体比率为100%。这表明人工复合三倍体鲤鱼的生殖方式十分独特,绝大部分个体的成熟卵可借助于外来精子的激动进行自然雌核发育;而有极个别个体的成熟卵能与外来精子融合产生四倍体个体。四倍体鲤鲫的形态特征像鲫鱼。