Critical miscellanies,

I. Robespierre. Carlyle. Byron. Macaulay. Emerson. --II. Vauvenargues. Turgot. Condorcet. Joseph de Maistre. --III. On popular culture. The death of Mr. Mill. Mr. Mill's Autobiography. The life of George Eliot. On Pattison's Memoirs. Harriet Martineau. W.R. Greg; a sketch. France in the eighteenth century. The expansion of England. Auguste Comte.

The bibliography of Ruskin : a bibliographical list arranged in chronological order of the published writings in prose & verse of John Ruskin M.A.from 1838 to the present time (October 1878).

Mode of access: Internet.

Lichenes.

Extracted from United States exploring expedition, 1838-1842. United States exploring expedition. v. XVII.

Remains of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin : their explorations and researches, A.D. 1886.

Mode of access: Internet.

Critical miscellanies,

Vol. 4, reprinted from the Times and Nineteenth century, has imprint: New York, The Macmillan company, 1908.

Ross River virus disease in Australia, 1886-1998, with analysis of risk factors associated with outbreaks

Ross River virus (RE) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus responsible for outbreaks of polyarthritic disease throughout Australia. To better understand human and environmental factors driving such events, 57 historical reports oil RR Outbreaks between 1896 and 1998 were examined collectively. The magnitude, regularity, seasonality, and locality of outbreaks were found to be wide ranging; however, analysis of climatic and tidal data highlighted that environmental conditions let differently ill tropical, arid, and temperate regions. Overall, rainfall seems to be the single most important risk factor, with over 90% of major outbreak locations receiving higher than average rainfall in preceding mouths. Many temperatures were close to average, particularly in tropical populations; however, in arid regions, below average maximum temperatures predominated, and ill southeast temperate regions, above average minimum temperatures predominated. High spring tides preceded coastal Outbreaks, both in the presence and absence of rainfall, and the relationship between rainfall and the Southern Oscillation Index and Lit Nina episodes suggest they may be useful predictive tools, but only ill southeast temperate regions. Such heterogeneity predisposing outbreaks supports the notion that there are different RE epidemiologies throughout Australia but also Suggests that generic parameters for the prediction and control of outbreaks are of limited use at a local level.

Costs of learning: the dynamics of mixed-prey exploitation by silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838)

Although generalist predators have been reported to forage less efficiently than specialists, there is little information on the extent to which learning can improve the efficiency of mixed-prey foraging. Repeated exposure of silver perch to mixed prey (pelagic Artemia and benthic Chironomus larvae) led to substantial fluctuations in reward rate over relatively long (20-day) timescales. When perch that were familiar with a single prey type were offered two prey types simultaneously, the rate at which they captured both familiar and unfamiliar prey dropped progressively over succeeding trials. This result was not predicted by simple learning paradigms, but could be explained in terms of an interaction between learning and attention. Between-trial patterns in overall intake were complex and differed between the two prey types, but were unaffected by previous prey specialization. However, patterns of prey priority (i.e. the prey type that was preferred at the start of a trial) did vary with previous prey training. All groups of fish converged on the most profitable prey type (chironomids), but this process took 15-20 trials. In contrast, fish offered a single prey type reached asymptotic intake rates within five trials and retained high capture abilities for at least 5 weeks. Learning and memory allow fish to maximize foraging efficiency on patches of a single prey type. However, when foragers are faced with mixed prey populations, cognitive constraints associated with divided attention may impair efficiency, and this impairment can be exacerbated by experience. (c) 2005 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

O PREGADOR SILENCIOSO: Ecumenismo no jornal Expositor Cristão (1886-1982)

O jornal Expositor Cristão, órgão oficial da Igreja Metodista no Brasil, nasceu em 1886, com uma proposta que se poderia chamar de ecumênica: seu primeiro nome, Methodista Catholico, revela o desejo de universalidade, confirmado pelo editorial de estréia. Seu criador, o missionário norte-americano John James Ransom, pretendia um veículo de orientação doutrinária que não fosse sectário, em consonância com a tradição wesleyana. Mas o Metodista Católico teve vida curta: em pouco mais de um ano passou a se chamar Expositor Cristão. O campo religioso brasileiro vivia, então, o período da controvérsia apologética, com a inserção do protestantismo de missão, de origem anglo-saxã, em contraposição ao catolicismo romano. O nome do recém-nascido jornal foi mais uma vítima dos embates. Este trabalho se dispôs a avaliar como o jornal tratou a questão do ecumenismo desde esse período até a entrada da Igreja Metodista no CONIC, Conselho Nacional de Igrejas Cristãs, no início da década de 1980. A pesquisa constatou que o anticatolicismo arraigado no metodismo brasileiro em seus primórdios jamais desapareceu por completo. Notou também que o metodismo não esteve imune aos conflitos interdenominacionais existentes no próprio meio evangélico. Em que pese o reconhecido pioneirismo da Igreja Metodista na criação de organismos ecumênicos brasileiros, o ecumenismo sempre enfrentou barreiras internas, mais ou menos explícitas. E o jornal Expositor Cristão, criado para ser um veículo de informação e formação doutrinária, nem sempre comunicou com a necessária clareza qual o significado que a Igreja Metodista confere à palavra ecumenismo e como ela o pratica. Em alguns momentos, a coexistência entre ecumenismo e antiecumenismo no interior do campo metodista não foi trazida à luz dos debates pelo jornal, mas permaneceu oculta por omissões e ambivalências. É o que este trabalho pôde constatar a partir de uma avaliação qualitativa do conteúdo do jornal.(AU)

"And a child shall lead them?": Slavery, childhood, and African cultural identity in Jamaica, 1750--1838

Based primarily on archival evidence collected in Jamaica, this dissertation examined the nature of childhood in the plantation complex between 1750 and 1838, how colonial society and the slave community defined childhood, and how that definition changed over time. It proves how childhood and slavery influenced and changed each other during these years, with the abolitionist movement standing as the main catalyst for change. Although this project chronologically examined the changing nature of slave childhood in Jamaica through four shifts of Jamaican history, each chapter topically focused on slave childhood through the lenses of labor, family, resistance, race, status, culture, education, and freedom. ^ The research showed that although slavery forced slave children into an early adulthood, childhood was a contested process that changed with each generation of children. As the abolitionist movement motivated changes in planter opinion on the value of children to the plantation economy, planters placed increased responsibility on slave children to lead them towards economic stability and profitability. Meanwhile, slave children struggled to survive slavery by reinventing and modifying their ideas of family and kinship and reacting to their situation through various acts of resistance. Although slave parents gained many opportunities to raise their children on their own terms, they struggled to maintain control over that process as planters attempted to change the nature of African cultural identity in Jamaica by impressing Christian and English values on slave children. Under apprenticeship, childhood returned to its previous status as a liability in the eyes of the Jamaican planters. Yet, Jamaican children faced the prospect of an unwritten childhood, one that was free from planter control and gave Jamaican laborers hope for the future. In the end, this dissertation told the story of an overlooked childhood, one that was often defined by Jamaican planters, but frequently contested by the slaves themselves. ^

Queen's College Journal (1885-1886)

The Journal has been Queen's main student newspaper since it was founded in 1873. It appears twice a week on campus with a mix of news, sports, and entertainment stories, editorials, letters to the editor, and photographs. The paper is students' most important source of news and general information and has been a training ground for scores of Canadian journalists.

Queen's College Journal (1886-1887)

The Journal has been Queen's main student newspaper since it was founded in 1873. It appears twice a week on campus with a mix of news, sports, and entertainment stories, editorials, letters to the editor, and photographs. The paper is students' most important source of news and general information and has been a training ground for scores of Canadian journalists.

Commentary on International Copyright Act 1838

Legislation providing that the British monarch could, by Order in Council, grant copyright protection, within Britain and its Dominions, to the authors of literary works first published abroad for a period specified within the Order but not exceeding the domestic copyright term. The Act provided the first occasion on which the British legislature offered the possibility of copyright protection for the work of foreign authors. Its timing is indicative of the widespread attention which the issue of international copyright had begun to attract in Britain, on the continent, and in the United States. The commentary describes the background to the legislation in relation to British attitudes to the importation of foreign works throughout the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and in the context of early nineteenth century debates before the courts as to whether the work of foreign authors was in any event protected under existing legislative measures (see also: uk_1854). The commentary also explores the reasons for the failure of the British government to successfully negotiate any bilateral agreements under the legislation, but nevertheless suggests that the 1838 Act provided an important platform upon which to build a subsequent and more successful regime of international copyright protection (see also: uk_1844; uk_1852; uk_1886).

Commentary on International Copyright Act 1886

The Act enabling the British government to become a signatory to the Berne Convention, which Convention came into force on 5 December 1887. The commentary describes the nature and extent of British participation in the three conferences which led to the signing of the Berne Convention, against a backdrop of several unsuccessful attempts to reform and consolidate the British copyright regime, the importance of pursuing meaningful Anglo-American copyright negotiations, and the significance of imperial-colonial copyright relations. The commentary also explores the extent to which the cause of Irish Nationalism, and the case for Home Rule, dominated the political landscape in early 1886, so explaining why the opportunity of adhering to the Berne Convention did not also lead to substantive reform of the domestic copyright regime at this time.

Iowa Roads : Historical Sketch of Development in Administration 1838-1929, 1959

An brief history of the developments in the Iowa highway administration between 1838 and 1929.