草鱼出血病病毒873株基因组外发现缺损性干扰颗粒的亚基因组成份

草鱼出血病病毒基因组由 11条dsRNA片段组成。最近在研究其基因组时发现 ,在病毒基因组外存在许多核酸成份 ,但在核苷酸数量上少于基因组成份 ,表现为较小分子量的RNA片段。在完整地克隆了这些片段的全长cDNA后 ,测定了其中两个克隆的序列组成 ,发现它们为病毒基因组经剪切后的部分片段 ,已经重新装配 ,而且都含有原基因组某一片段 3′端和 5′端的保守区和倒转重复区 ,缺失中间部分。根据其特点来看 ,它们应为目前病毒学研究的重要材料———缺损性干扰颗粒的亚基因组成份。

武昌六前鞭虫胞器超微结构的研究

对武昌六前鞭虫胞器的超微结构进行了观察，发现Ｒ鞭毛复合体的内下方有分散的微管，两根Ｒ鞭毛复合体之间和外方具少量的粗面内质网，而虫体周边分布较多。粗面内质同外周被发达的微管。生毛体与胞核之间有胞咽和小盾结构。胞质中有较多的食物泡，未见到线粒体、高尔基体和表膜下微管结构。另外对粗面内质网的结构、功能以及种的鉴定等方面也作了讨论。

Direct comparison of the gravimetric responsivities of ZnO-based FBARs and SMRs

Film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) and solidly mounted resonators (SMRs) have the potential to significantly improve upon the sensitivity and minimum detection limit of traditional gravimetric sensors based on quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) and surface acoustic wave resonators (SAWs). To date, neither FBAR nor SMR devices have been demonstrated to be superior to the other; hence the choice between them depends primarily on the users' ability to design/fabricate membranes and/or Bragg reflectors. In this work, it is shown that identically designed FBAR and SMR devices resonating at the same frequency exhibit different responsivities to mass loadings, Rm, and that the SMRs are less responsive than the FBARs. For the specific device design and resonant frequency (~2 GHz) of the resonators presented here, the FBARs' mass responsivity is ~20% greater than that of the SMRs', and although this value is not universal for all possible device designs, it clearly shows that FBAR devices should be favoured over SMRs in gravimetric sensing applications where the FBARs' fragility is not an issue. Numerical calculations based on Mason's model offer an insight into the physical mechanisms behind the greater FBARs responsivity, and it was shown that the Bragg reflector has an effect on the acoustic load at one of the facets of the piezoelectric films which is in turn responsible for the SMRs' lower responsivity to mass loadings. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

The role of artificial intelligence as 'text' within design

The paper describes a new approach to artificial intelligence (AI) and its role in design. This approach argues that AI can be seen as 'text', or in other words as a medium for the communication of design knowledge and information between designers. This paper will apply these ideas to reinterpreting an existing knowledge-based system (KBS) design tool, that is, CADET - a product design evaluation tool. The paper will discuss the authorial issues, amongst others, involved in the development of AI and KBS design tools by adopting this new approach. Consequently, the designers' rights and responsibilities will be better understood as the knowledge medium, through its concern with authorship, returns control to users rather than attributing the system with agent status. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

玛利安蚓属一新种(环节动物门:寡毛纲:线蚓科)

描述线蚓科Enchytraeidae玛利安蚓属MarioninaMichaelsen 1889一新种 长白山玛利安蚓M .changbaishanensisXie ,LiangetWang ,sp .nov .。该种的主要特点为 :刚毛每束 2～ 4条 ,直棒状 ,一束内刚毛长度不等 ;肾管在隔膜前仅包含肾漏斗 ;储精囊单个 ,发达 ;受精囊腔有 2个近球形的分支 ,分支内具精子环

早熟河蟹的养殖生态学及其渔业价值评价

把池塘育成的早熟河蟹（即一秋龄性腺成熟中华绒螯蟹）放养于湖汊，其群体越冬成活率为11％。在第二年养殖期间，早熟河蟹不脱壳，体重维持在原来的水平，对鱼肉的日摄食率最高为1．2％，个体不断死亡，至7月中旬，群体全部死完。从当年11月下旬到第二年7月上旬，早熟河蟹成活率曲线公式为：Y=1．09exp（－0018t）［Y：成活率（％），t：时间（d）］。本文还通过对围栏湖汊和扁担塘早熟河蟹逐月跟踪采样、对同龄的末成熟与成熟河蟹的行为及离水成活时间进行对比观察。作者认为，草型湖泊中早熟河蟹没有养殖价值，但若在第二年

Light water breeding with nitride fuel

This scoping study proposes using mixed nitride fuel in Pu-based high conversion LWR designs in order to increase the breeding ratio. The higher density fuel reduces the hydrogen-to-heavy metal ratio in the reactor which results in a harder spectrum in which breeding is more effective. A Resource-renewable Boiling Water Reactor (RBWR) assembly was modeled in MCNP to demonstrate this effect in a typical high conversion LWR design. It was determined that changing the fuel from (U,TRU)O2 to (U,TRU)N in the assembly can increase its fissile inventory ratio (fissile Pu mass divided by initial fissile Pu mass) from 1.04 to up to 1.17. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

酶的基因剂量效应及其对鱼类远缘杂交的影响

亲缘关系较远的杂种二倍体，酶的表达出现父本基因受抑制，双亲基因表达迟缓和母本基因提前表达三种类型的紊乱。由于双亲等位基因不亲和，各等位基因只调控产生1／2的基因产物，从而致使胚胎出现“双单倍体综合症”而在孵化期全部死亡。远缘杂交三倍体由于母本基因剂量加倍，一方面抑制了父本基因的表达，消除了不协调基因活动的干扰，另一方面母本基因产物趋于正常，代谢得以正常进行，杂种后代能成活并正常生长。

白鱀豚的核型及其C－带核型的研究

采用常规的白细胞培养技术及ＢＳＧＣ－带技术分析了白豚的核型、Ｃ－带核型。结果是：白豚的染色体数目２ｎ＝４４，其核型由１２条中部着丝点染色体、１８条亚中部着丝点染色体、４条亚端部着丝点染色体、８条端部着丝点染色体和２条性染色体所组成。染色体臂数（ＮＦ）雌性为７６，雄性为７５。Ｃ－带异染色质呈现出很深的着色区，主要分布在染色体臂上，着丝点区则几乎没有。Ｃ－带异染色质的量约为总染色质量的１２％。这一结果表明白豚与海生豚类的核型、Ｃ－带核型有较明显的相似性。

武汉东湖浮游动物对浮游细菌的牧食力研究

利用３５μｍ、６４μｍ、９０μｍ和３６０μｍ等不同大小孔径的筛绢网过滤湖水进行了浮游动物对浮游细菌牧食力的研究。结果表明，东湖浮游动物对浮游细菌总滤过率为１８０．１９ｍｌｌ￣（－１）ｈ￣（－１）．摄食率为０．４０μｇＣｌ￣（－１）ｈ￣（－１）。９０μｍ以下的个体为原生动物和轮虫，它们组成了群落总生物量的７５％，其对细菌的牧食力占总牧食力的４４．８％，大于３６０μｍ的浮游动物（主要是甲壳动物）的牧食力占总牧食力的３５．１％。大于９０到小于３６０μｍ的浮游动物其牧食力最小，只占总牧食力的２０％。文中分别用滤过

多刺裸腹溞体外附生累枝虫的数量变动

研究了天津市卫津河中多刺裸腹溞（Ｍｏｉｎａｍａｃｒｏｃｏｐａｓｔｒａｕｓ）生活史各阶段体外附生累枝虫（Ｅｐｉｓｔｙｌｉｓｄａｐｈｎｉａｅ）的数量变化。从１９９０年４月到１０月的１３次采样中，累枝虫的数量与其附主的平均体长及雌性怀卵个体所占比例均无显著相关关系。对同一水样中的数据进行分析后发现，以幼龄裸腹为主的三个体长组的体表附生的累枝虫数之间无显著差异，但与以成龄为主的第四个体长组之间的差异却显著。在雌性成体中怀卵阶段后期的裸腹体表的累枝虫数量显著多于前期。本研究的结论是裸腹体表的累枝虫数量的多少主要不是

Growth, structural and optical properties of III-V nanowires for optoelectronic applications

We investigate the growth of III-V nanowires by MOCVD and the structural and optical properties of these nanowires. Binary and ternary nanowires of GaAs, InAs, InP, AlGaAs and InGaAs are achieved. We discuss the nucleation and growth issues involved in fabricating high quality nanowires suitable for device applications. We have fabricated and characterised a variety of axial and radial heterostructures including GaAs/InGaAs superlattices, and GaAs/AlGaAs core-shell and core-multishell nanowires. © 2007 IEEE.