Flood circulation in oligomictic lakes: an undervalued reason for restriction of zooplankton production [Translation from: Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia Dott.Marco de Marchi 22 9-52, 1967]

Dormancy has been observed in several species of Cyclops. Animals in dormancy are characterised by almost complete inactivity of the main appendages and sluggish intestinal peristalsis. In Cyclops vicinus dormancy can take place in copepod stages III (19%), IV (78%) and V (3%) but one and the same animal only in one developmental stage. The author gives his own results between frequency of dormancy and photoperiod (20 C, 1000 lux). He concludes that dormancy in C. vicinus can be influenced by day length and can be ended prematurely by short day length.

Efeitos da aplicação tópica da S-Nitrosoglutationa no reparo tecidual de lesões cutâneas isquêmicas

A aplicação tópica do hidrogel Pluronic F-127 (poli(óxido de etileno)99-poli(óxido de propileno)65-poli(óxido de etileno)99, PEO99-PPO65-PEO99) contendo um doador de óxido nítrico, a S-nitrosoglutationa (GSNO) é conhecida por exercer efeitos benéficos no reparo tecidual cutâneo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação tópica do hidrogel Pulronic F-127 contendo um doador de óxido nítrico no reparo tecidual de lesões isquêmicas. Ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos a duas lesões incisionais paralelas no dorso, a pele foi separada do tecido subjacente, as incisões foram suturadas e uma lesão excisional foi feita entre elas para criar uma condição isquêmica ao redor da lesão. Os animais foram separados em grupo controle, que recebeu a aplicação apenas do hidrogel sem doador de óxido nítrico e grupo tratado, que recebeu a aplicação do hidrogel contendo o doador de óxido nítrico. Os animais foram tratados por 7 dias consecutivos com uma aplicação diária dos hidrogéis. O grupo tratado apresentou taxas mais altas de contração e re-epitelização, menor quantidade de células inflamatórias, um aumento na densidade e organização de fibras colágenas e uma diminuição na neovascularização 14 dias após a lesão, comparado ao grupo controle. Esses resultados indicam que a aplicação tópica do gel doador de óxido nítrico é eficaz no tratamento de lesões isquêmicas em ratos, levando a uma melhora significativa na cicatrização. Consequentemente, a aplicação tópica de um hidrogel contendo doador de óxido nítrico poderá ter, futuramente, potencial para o tratamento terapêutico de úlceras venosas e decorrentes de diabetes.

The relationship between boat size and fish catches in the gillnet fishery of Lake Victoria, Uganda

The number and size composition of gillnets, fishing grounds, and the quantity and composition of fish catches were related to the size of fishing boat. The overall number of gillnets per boat increased from 20.9 + or - 2.3 nets in 5-6 m long boats to 88.6 + or - 11.8 nets in 11-12 m long boats. The proportion of large mesh sizes, + or more than 127 mm, also increased from 40% in 5-6 m long boats to 100% in boats longer than 10 m. Fish catches are related to the size of boat and this should be considered when formulating management guidelines of the lake's fishery. Promotion of large fishing boats 8 m or longer and restriction on the number and/or mesh size of gillnets of smaller boats could increase ecological and socio-economic benefits.

Disko-balaztaren fabrikazio prozesuaren deskribapena eta mekanizaziorako CAM bidezko programazioa

[EU]Lan honetan auto baten disko-balaztaren fabrikazio prozesua deskribatzen da, mekanizazio prozesuaren CAM bidezko programazioan sakonduz. Disko-balaztaren fabrikazioarekin hasi aurretik, informazio osagarri bezala, honek historian zehar izan duen garapena eta piezaren deskribapen zein funtzionamenduaren azalpena ematen dira. Jarraian, disko-balaztaren fabrikazioaren alderdi ezberdinak azaltzen dira, prozesu honek aurkezten dituen aukera desberdinak adieraziz. Azkenik, CAM bidezko programazioaren funtzionamendua erakusten da disko-balaztaren mekanizazio prozesurako aplikatuta.

I. The crystal structure of potassium bis(tricyanovinyl)amine. II. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of alkali halide solutions. III. Elucidation of the intramolecular hydrogen bond in acetylacetone by the deuterium isotope effect on the chemical shift of the bridge hydrogen

Part I

Potassium bis-(tricyanovinyl) amine, K⁺N[C(CN)=C(CN)₂]₂^-, crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group Cc and lattice constants, a = 13.346 ± 0.003 Å, c = 8.992 ± 0.003 Å, B = 114.42 ± 0.02°, and Z = 4. Three dimensional intensity data were collected by layers perpendicular to b* and c* axes. The crystal structure was refined by the least squares method with anisotropic temperature factor to an R value of 0.064.

The average carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bond distances in –C-CΞN are 1.441 ± 0.016 Å and 1.146 ± 0.014 Å respectively. The bis-(tricyanovinyl) amine anion is approximately planar. The coordination number of the potassium ion is eight with bond distances from 2.890 Å to 3.408 Å. The bond angle C-N-C of the amine nitrogen is 132.4 ± 1.9°. Among six cyano groups in the molecule, two of them are bent by what appear to be significant amounts (5.0° and 7.2°). The remaining four are linear within the experimental error. The bending can probably be explained by molecular packing forces in the crystals.

Part II

The nuclear magnetic resonance of ⁸¹Br and ¹²⁷I in aqueous solutions were studied. The cation-halide ion interactions were studied by studying the effect of the Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Cs⁺ upon the line width of the halide ions. The solvent-halide ion interactions were studied by studying the effects of methanol, acetonitrile, and acetone upon the line width of ⁸¹Br and ¹²⁷I in the aqueous solutions. It was found that the viscosity plays a very important role upon the halide ions line width. There is no specific cation-halide ion interaction for those ions such as Mg⁺⁺, Di⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺, whereas the Cs⁺ - halide ion interaction is strong. The effect of organic solvents upon the halide ion line width in aqueous solutions is in the order acetone ˃ acetonitrile ˃ methanol. It is suggested that halide ions do form some stable complex with the solvent molecules and the reason Cs⁺ can replace one of the ligands in the solvent-halide ion complex.

Part III

An unusually large isotope effect on the bridge hydrogen chemical shift of the enol form of pentanedione-2, 4(acetylacetone) and 3-methylpentanedione-2, 4 has been observed. An attempt has been made to interpret this effect. It is suggested from the deuterium isotope effect studies, temperature dependence of the bridge hydrogen chemical shift studies, IR studies in the OH, OD, and C=O stretch regions, and the HMO calculations, that there may probably be two structures for the enol form of acetylacetone. The difference between these two structures arises mainly from the electronic structure of the π-system. The relative population of these two structures at various temperatures for normal acetylacetone and at room temperature for the deuterated acetylacetone were calculated.

Clasificación del formato tridimensional de materiales líticos desde una perspectiva geoarqueológica

Homenaje a Georges Laplace, realizado en Vitoria-Gasteiz el 13, 14 y 15 de noviembre de 2012. Edición a cargo de Aitor Calvo, Aitor Sánchez, Maite García-Rojas y Mónica Alonso-Eguíluz.

The structure of liquid argon as determined by x-ray diffraction

X-ray diffraction measurements and subsequent data analyses have been carried out on liquid argon at five states in the density range of 0.91 to 1.135 gm/cc and temperature range of 127 to 143°K. Duplicate measurements were made on all states. These data yielded radial distribution and direct correlation functions which were then used to compute the pair potential using the Percus-Yevick equation. The potential minima are in the range of -105 to -120°K and appear to substantiate current theoretical estimates of the effective pair potential in the presence of a weak three-body force.

The data analysis procedure used was new and does not distinguish between the coherent and incoherent absorption factors for the cell scattering which were essentially equal. With this simplification, the argon scattering estimate was compared to the gas scattering estimate on the laboratory frame of reference and the two estimates coincided, indicating the data normalized. The argon scattering on the laboratory frame of reference was examined for the existence of the peaks in the structure factor and the existence of an observable third peak was considered doubtful.

Numerical studies of the effect of truncation, normalization, the subsidiary peak phenomenon in the radial distribution function, uncertainties in the low angle data relative to errors in the direct correlation function and the distortion phenomenon are presented.

The distortion phenomenon for this experiment explains why the Mikolaj-Pings argon data yielded pair potential well depths from the Percus-Yevick equation that were too shallow and an apparent slope with respect to density that was too steep compared to theoretical estimates.

The data presented for each measurement are: empty cell and cell plus argon intensity, absorption factors, argon intensity, smoothed argon intensity, smoothed argon intensity corrected for distortion, structure factor, radial distribution function, direct correlation function and the pair potential from the Percus-Yevick equation.

钛宝石强激光负载的有机硅复合凝胶增透膜研究

以硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)和甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTEOS)为前驱材料，用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)方法在钛宝石表面制备得到均匀性良好且具有高激光损伤阈值的有机硅复合凝胶增透膜。膜层在钛宝石激光器输出波段(750～850nm)的增透效果显著，其平均透过率超过98．6％；激光破坏阈值为2．2J／cm^2(800nm，300ps)；膜层表面均匀性达到激光波面的要求，在皮秒、飞秒超短脉冲高功率激光领域具有应用价值。溶胶的性能测试结果表明，溶胶粘度和成膜折射率均随溶液中CH3SiO1.5溶胶体含量的增加而增大，而膜

El efecto placebo en productos artísticos; el caso de la poesía

[ES] Esta investigación aporta evidencias concluyentes de que existe el efecto placebo en la valoración de un producto artístico, en este caso un poema. Tras la aplicación de diferentes metodologías y testando divergentes poemas, los resultados indican que el nombre del autor influye significativamente en la valoración subjetiva que se hace de la obra. De este modo, esta investigación da respuesta a la pregunta: ¿puede una pieza literaria ser evaluada de manera diferente en función de la persona que firma esa creación? Los resultados de este estudio ciertamente muestran ese efecto: un poema es evaluado de manera significativamente más favorable cuando el que lo lee cree que esa obra está firmada por un gran artista, en contraposición a que ese poema fuera anónimo. O lo que es lo mismo, el nombre de marca condiciona la percepción del producto. Sin embargo, el efecto placebo se debilita cuando el estímulo es evaluado por personas con alta experiencia con el producto. Las implicaciones para el marketing y para el sector editorial son discutidas finalmente.