PICES Press, Vol. 12, No. 2, July 2004

The future of PICES [pdf, 1.7 MB] Paris by day - Symposium on "Quantative ecosystem indicators in fisheries management" [pdf, 0.2 MB] The Bering Sea: Current status and recent events [pdf, 0.4 MB] The state of the western North Pacific in the second half of 2003 [pdf, 0.7 MB] The state of the eastern North Pacific entering spring 2004 [pdf, 0.4 MB] PICES-IFEP Workshop on "In-situ iron enrichment experiments in the eastern and western subarctic Pacific" [pdf, 1.4 MB] Canadian SOLAS/PICES-IFEP session on "Response of the upper ocean to meso-scale iron enrichment" [pdf, 0.3 MB] Fisheries and ecosystem responses to recent regime shifts [pdf, 0.8 MB] PICES Interns [pdf, 0.8 MB] Did a regime shift occur in 1998 around Japan?- Highlights from a symposium addressing this question [pdf, 0.8 MB] The Global Ocean Carbon Observing System - Connecting national programs and regional networks [pdf, 1.7 MB] The North Pacific Ecosystem Metadatabase [pdf, 1.2 MB] International GLOBEC Symposium on "Climate variability and Sub-Arctic marine ecosystems" [pdf, 0.2 MB] PICES Calendar [pdf, 0.2 MB] PICES/GLOBEC Symposium on "Climate variability and ecosystem impacts on the North pacific: A basin-scale synthesis" [pdf, 0.2 MB]

氢氧混合气体爆轰波的真实化学反应模型数值模拟

采用高精度的ENO格式和基于基元化学反应的真实化学反应模型求解氢氧混合气体一维爆轰波的精细结构。采用直接起爆方法得到稳定传播的爆轰波，计算的爆轰波阵面参数和实验相当符合。对爆轰波反应区化学反应的研究表明，参与反应的不同组分具有不同类型的变化特征。网格尺寸影响的研究表明，计算结果的精度随着网格尺寸的增加而增加，并能保持较好的收敛性。移动网格研究结果表明，网格运动速度和爆轰速度接近时，两者的相互作用对计算结果产生一定影响。

Construir la resilencia en la escuela

[Es] Existen numerosas investigaciones y testimonios que destacan el papel de la educación formal y de los maestros en la construcción de la resiliencia de alumnos procedentes de entornos desfavorecidos y en riesgo de exclusión social. En todas las personas, en los alumnos y en los educadores, hay aspectos de resiliencia a partir de los cuales es posible ayudar a superar las dificultades y afrontar el futuro con confianza y optimismo. La escuela recibe a alumnos que están en situación de desventaja social, familiar o personal y que son sujetos de riesgo de exclusión educativa: fracaso escolar, inadaptación y conflictividad. Ante estas realidades no se puede permanecer expectante. En consecuencia, es necesario que todos los que forman parte de la comunidad escolar, y en particular los docentes, afronten decididamente los nuevos retos de la educación actual y desarrollen dinámicas educativas que contribuyan a formar personas capaces de participar activamente en la sociedad, sujetos preparados para afrontar con posibilidades reales de éxito las inevitables dificultades de la vida.

Number of prior episodes and the presence of depressive symptoms are associated with longer length of stay for patients with acute manic episodes

Background: Few studies have analyzed predictors of length of stay (LOS) in patients admitted due to acute bipolar manic episodes. The purpose of the present study was to estimate LOS and to determine the potential sociodemographic and clinical risk factors associated with a longer hospitalization. Such information could be useful to identify those patients at high risk for long LOS and to allocate them to special treatments, with the aim of optimizing their hospital management. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study recruiting adult patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria) who had been hospitalized due to an acute manic episode with a Young Mania Rating Scale total score greater than 20. Bivariate correlational and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of LOS. Results: A total of 235 patients from 44 centers were included in the study. The only factors that were significantly associated to LOS in the regression model were the number of previous episodes and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score at admission (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with a high number of previous episodes and those with depressive symptoms during mania are more likely to stay longer in hospital. Patients with severe depressive symptoms may have a more severe or treatment-resistant course of the acute bipolar manic episode.

Hydrologic aspects of freshening upper Old Tampa Bay, Florida

Upper Old Tampa Bay, a 17-square mile area of Old Tampa Bay, Florida, has been proposed for conversion to a fresh-water lake. The amount of runoff to the proposed lake and its chemical quality are both adequate to freshen and sustain a fresh-water lake in this part of the bay. During 1950-66 runoff to the proposed lake, including discharge from Lake Tarpon, would have averaged 134 mgd (million gallons per day) and would have displaced the volume of the proposed lake at normal pool stage (2.5 feet above mean sea level) about 1.7 times per year. Without discharge from Lake Tarpon, the volume of the proposed lake would have been displaced 1.2 times. If the lake level was initially at a normal pool stage during a critically dry year, such as 1956, the proposed lake would have declined 0.25 to 0.5 foot below the minimum design level, (1.5 feet above mean sea level). (44 page document)

Marine ecosystems of the North Pacific

Key Messages [pdf, 2.5 Mb] Climate Information Gaps Ocean Productivity Information gaps Living Marine Resources Information gaps Climate [pdf, 1.8 Mb] Productivity [pdf, 5.2 Mb] Nutrients Phytoplankton Zooplankton Living Resources [pdf, 10 Mb] Subarctic coastal systems Central oceanic gyres Temperate coastal and oceanic systems Marine mammals The Human Population [pdf, 5 Mb] Contaminants and Habitat Modifications Aquaculture Knowledge Gaps Glossary Ocean and Climate Changes [pdf, 4.1Mb] Highlights Introduction Atmospheric Indices Change in 1998/99 Comparison of Atmospheric Indices Authorship Yellow Sea / East China Sea [pdf, 2.3 Mb] Highlights Background Status and Trends Hydrography Chemistry Plankton Benthos Fish and invertebrates Marine birds and mammals Issues Critical factors causing change Authorship Japan/East Sea [pdf, 3.3 Mb] Highlights Background Status and Trends Hydrography Chemistry Plankton Fish and Invertebrates Marine Birds and Mammals Critical factors causing change Issues Authorship Okhotsk Sea [pdf, 1.7 Mb] Background Status and Trends Climate Hydrography Chemistry Plankton Fish and Invertebrates Marine Birds and Mammals Issues Critical factors causing change Authorship Oyashio / Kuroshio [pdf, 4.5 Mb] Highlights Background Status and Trends Hydrography Plankton Fish and Invertebrates Marine Birds and Mammals Issues Authorship Western Subarctic Gyre [pdf, 4.5 Mb] Highlights Background Status and Trends Hydrography Chemistry Plankton Fish and Invertebrates Marine Birds and Mammals Issues Authorship Bering Sea [pdf, 2.2 Mb] Highlights Background Status and Trends Hydrography Chemistry Plankton Fish and Invertebrates Marine Birds and Mammals Critical Factors Causing Change Issues Authorship Gulf of Alaska [pdf, 2.6 Mb] Highlights Background Status and trends Hydrography Chemistry Plankton Fish and Invertebrates Marine birds and mammals Critical factors causing change Issues Authorship California Current [pdf, 2.7 Mb] Highlights Background Status and Trends Hydrography Chemistry Plankton Fish and Invertebrates Marine Birds and Mammals Critical Factors Causing Change Issues Authorship Gulf of California [pdf, 1.7 Mb] Highlights Background Status and Trends Hydrography Chemistry Plankton Fisheries Marine Birds and Mammals Critical Factors Causing Change Issues Authorship Transition Zone [pdf, 2.5 Mb] Background Status and Trends Hydrography Chemistry Plankton Fish and Invertebrates Marine Birds and Mammals Issues Authorship Tuna [pdf, 1.5 Mb] Highlights Background Pacific bluefin tuna Albacore tuna Status and trends Ecosystem model and climate forcing Authorship Pacific halibut [pdf, 1.1 Mb] Background The Fishery Climate Influences Authorship Pacific salmon [Updated, pdf, 0.4 Mb] Background Status and Trends Washington, Oregon, and California British Columbia Southeast Alaska Central Alaska Western Alaska Russia Japan Authorship References [pdf, 0.5 Mb]

微重力两相流相似模拟准则新探

根据两流体同心环状流线性稳定性分析的结果，对微重力气／液两相流地面模拟实验所应遵循的相似准则进行了探讨，得到了一个新的重力无关性准则，即Bond数和环形区流体相的毛细数之比的绝对值不大于1．此外，微重力气／液两相流模拟实验还必须满足两个条件，即流量比和气相表观Weber数应与所模拟的流动中对应数值相等．

态矢量方法的实验研究

在地震等灾变的发生之前,会出现一定的前兆现象.文中通过实验方法对这些前兆现象之一的态矢量的异常变化进行了研究.实验使用声发射技术(Acoustic Emission),对三轴应力条件下岩石试件内部微裂纹的产生和扩展进行了记录.实验结果表明在岩石试件最终破坏之前,表征态矢量的相关参量都发生了异常明显的变化,这表明态矢量的异常变化可以被用作为岩石等脆性材料灾变的前兆,使用态矢量方法可以对脆性材料的破坏乃至地震作出预测.

地震预报的新途径——加卸载响应比理论

从力学角度看,地震的孕育过程实质上是孕震区介质的损伤演化过程,这个过程主要是一个力学过程.但解决与地震预测有关的力学问题与工程中的力学问题有许多不同之处.通常力学问题的解决需要知道其本构关系、边界条件、初始条件以及某些力学量的变化历史(如流变).但是在地震孕育过程中它们却是未知的或者不完全知道的.人们知道的只是地壳中某些物理量的变化.由此提出了加卸载响应比作为一种地震预测的新途径,并简述了加卸载响应比的基本概念、实际应用及一些最新结果.

乳化油燃烧与微爆实验研究的现状

文章介绍了乳化油的蒸发、微爆和燃烧机理的实验研究现状。在乳化油的实验过程中 ,“微爆”的发现和提出“无水层”的概念来解释“微爆”机理具有重要的意义。鉴于乳化油喷雾的特点 ,为了进行深入的理论分析 ,多脉冲激光全息摄影技术是比较有前途的研究方法。

Investigation of Interactions between Two Monoclonal Antibodies and SARS Virus with a Label-Free Protein Array

The investigation of interactions between two kinds of monoclonal antibodies and SARS virus with a label-free protein array technique were presented in this paper. The performance consists of three parts: a surface modification for ligand immobilization/surface, a protein array fabrication with an integrated microfluidic system for patterning, packaging and liquid handling, and a protein array reader of imaging ellipsometer. This revealed the technique could be used as an immunoassay for qualitative and quantitative detection as wen as kinetic analysis of biomolecule interaction.

Optimization of Off-Null Ellipsometry for Optical Biosensor Applications

The optimization of off-null ellipsometry is described with emphasis on the improvement of resolution for visualizing biomolecule layers. For optical biosensor with layer thickness below 6.5 nm, a numerical simulation for the dependence of resolution on the azimuth settings of polarizer and analyzer is presented first. For comparison, three different resolutions are given at three azimuth settings which are near null and far away from null condition, respectively. Furthermore, the square or linear approximation relationship between the intensity and the layer thickness are also given at these settings. The difference among their accuracy is up to 100 times or so. Experimental results of the biosensor sample verify the optimization.

Validity of Resting Energy Expenditure Predictive Equations before and after an Energy-Restricted Diet Intervention in Obese Women

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Study of Interaction Force between Antigen and Antibody Using Flow Chamber Method

A parallel plate flow chamber was used to study the interaction force between human IgG (immobilized on a chip surface as ligand) and goat anti-human IgG (immobilized on microspheres surface as receptor). First, it was demonstrated that the binding force between the microspheres and the chip surface came from the bio-specific interaction between the antigen and the antibody. Secondly, it was obtained that the critical shear rate to detach microspheres from the chip surface increases with the ligand surface concentration. Finally, two models to estimate the antigen-antibody bond strength considering bonds' positions were proposed and analyzed.