5-Bromo-2R17;-deoxyuridine induces visible morphological alteration in the DNA puffs of the anterior salivary gland region of Bradysia hygida (Diptera, Sciaridae)

5-Bromo-2R17;-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) has long been known to interfere with cell differentiation. We found that treatment ofBradysia hygida larvae with BrdUrd during DNA puff anlage formation in the polytene chromosomes of the salivary gland S1 region noticeably affects anlage morphology. However, it does not affect subsequent metamorphosis to the adult stage. The chromatin of the chromosomal sites that would normally form DNA puffs remains very compact and DNA puff expansion does not occur with administration of 4 to 8 mM BrdUrd. Injection of BrdUrd at different ages provoked a gradient of compaction of the DNA puff chromatin, leading to the formation of very small to almost normal puffs. By immunodetection, we show that the analogue is preferentially incorporated into the DNA puff anlages. When BrdUrd is injected in a mixture with thymidine, it is not incorporated into the DNA, and normal DNA puffs form. Therefore, incorporation of this analogue into the amplified DNA seems to be the cause of this extreme compaction. Autoradiographic experiments and silver grains counting showed that this treatment decreases the efficiency of RNA synthesis at DNA puff anlages.

Amniotic fluid amino acid levels in non-immune hydrops fetalis: a case-control study

In a prospective case-control study, we compared the amniotic fluid amino acid levels in non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) and normal fetuses. Eighty fetuses underwent amniocentesis for different reasons at the prenatal diagnosis unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University. Forty of these fetuses were diagnosed with NIHF. The study included 40 women each in the NIHF (mean age: 27.69 ± 4.56 years) and control (27.52 ± 5.49 years) groups, who had abnormal double- or triple-screening test values with normal fetuses with gestational ages of 23.26 ± 1.98 and 23.68 ± 1.49 weeks at the time of sample collection, respectively. Amniotic fluid amino acid concentrations (intra-assay variation: 2.26-7.85%; interassay variation: 3.45-8.22%) were measured using EZ:faast kits (EZ:faast GC/FID free (physiological) amino acid kit; Phenomenex, USA) by gas chromatography. The standard for quantitation was a mixture of free amino acids from Phenomenex. The levels of 21 amino acids were measured. The mean phosphoserine and serine levels were significantly lower in the NIHF group, while the taurine, α-aminoadipic acid (aaa), glycine, cysteine, NH4, and arginine (Arg) levels were significantly higher compared to control. Significant risk variables for the NIHF group and odds coefficients were obtained using a binary logistic regression method. The respective odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk variables phosphoserine, taurine, aaa, Arg, and NH4 were 3.31 (1.84-5.97), 2.45 (1.56-3.86), 1.78 (1.18-2.68), 2.18 (1.56-3.04), and 2.41 (1.66-3.49), respectively. The significant difference between NIHF and control fetuses suggests that the amniotic fluid levels of some amino acids may be useful for the diagnosis of NIHF.

Effects of sciatic nerve transection on ultrastructure, NADPH-diaphorase reaction and serotonin-, tyrosine hydroxylase-, c-Fos-, glucose transporter 1- and 3-like immunoreactivities in frog dorsal root ganglion

Frogs have been used as an alternative model to study pain mechanisms. Since we did not find any reports on the effects of sciatic nerve transection (SNT) on the ultrastructure and pattern of metabolic substances in frog dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, in the present study, 18 adult male frogs (Rana catesbeiana) were divided into three experimental groups: naive (frogs not subjected to surgical manipulation), sham (frogs in which all surgical procedures to expose the sciatic nerve were used except transection of the nerve), and SNT (frogs in which the sciatic nerve was exposed and transected). After 3 days, the bilateral DRG of the sciatic nerve was collected and used for transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect reactivity for glucose transporter (Glut) types 1 and 3, tyrosine hydroxylase, serotonin and c-Fos, as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-diaphorase). SNT induced more mitochondria with vacuolation in neurons, satellite glial cells (SGCs) with more cytoplasmic extensions emerging from cell bodies, as well as more ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, intermediate filaments and mitochondria. c-Fos immunoreactivity was found in neuronal nuclei. More neurons and SGCs surrounded by tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity were found. No change occurred in serotonin- and Glut1- and Glut3-like immunoreactivity. NADPH-diaphorase occurred in more neurons and SGCs. No sign of SGC proliferation was observed. Since the changes of frog DRG in response to nerve injury are similar to those of mammals, frogs should be a valid experimental model for the study of the effects of SNT, a condition that still has many unanswered questions.

Avaliação da eficiência de extração de compostos nitrogenados da polpa de anchoíta (Engraulis anchoita)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência da extração de compostos nitrogenados, como proteínas solúveis (PS), nitrogênio total (NT), nitrogênio não proteico (NNP) e nitrogênio proteico (NP) da polpa de anchoíta (Engraulis anchoita), bem como obter informações a respeito de sua composição proximal e do frescor em relação ao seu local de captura. A polpa de anchoíta foi submetida a tratamento de extração de nitrogenados utilizando como soluções NaHCO3 (0,1; 0,2; 0,3 e 0,5%), NaCl 0,3% e água destilada. O ciclo de lavagem da polpa utilizando 0,1% de NaHCO3, dois ciclos de água destilada e um ciclo de NaCl 0,3% demonstrou maior eficiência na extração dos compostos nitrogenados, assim como das proteínas sarcoplasmáticas. Na determinação da composição proximal, a anchoíta in natura apresentou valores de umidade de 77,2%, proteína 16,8%, lipídios 3,4% e cinzas 2,4% e, para a polpa de anchoíta, foram encontrados valores de umidade de 78,1%, proteína 17,5%, lipídios 2,4% e cinzas 2,0%. A avaliação do frescor foi determinada através do pH, bases voláteis totais (N-BVT) e trimetilamina (N-TMA), encontrando-se valores de 6,3; 11,5 mg.100 g-1 e 2,8 mg.100 g-1 para a anchoíta in natura e 6,7; 20,2 mg.100 g-1; 3,1 mg.100 g-1 para a polpa, respectivamente.

Suomen taloudellinen kartta 1:100000 = Finlands ekonomiska karta 1:100000 - Lehti = Blad 8:2, Raippaluoto

0-meridiaani : Helsinki.

Suomen taloudellinen kartta 1:100000: (kihlakunnankartta) = Finlands ekonomiska karta 1:100000 : (häradskarta) - Lehti = Blad 2:7, Porvoo-Loviisa = Borgå-Lovisa

0-meridiaani : Helsinki.

Suomen taloudellinen kartta 1:100000: (kihlakunnankartta) = Finlands ekonomiska karta 1:100000 : (häradskarta) - Lehti = Blad 2:7, Porvoo-Loviisa

0-meridiaani : Helsinki.

Suomen taloudellinen kartta 1:100000: (kihlakunnankartta) = Finlands ekonomiska karta 1:100000 : (häradskarta) - Lehti = Blad 2:11, Kivennapa

0-meridiaani : Helsinki.

Suomen taloudellinen kartta 1:100000 = Finlands ekonomiska karta 1:100000 - Lehti = Blad 19:2, Kilpisjärvi

0-meridiaani : Helsinki.

Suomen taloudellinen kartta 1:100000 = Finlands ekonomiska karta 1:100000 - Lehti = Blad 20:2, Haltia

0-meridiaani : Helsinki.

Suomen taloudellinen kartta 1:100000: (kihlakunnankartta) = Finlands ekonomiska karta 1:100000 : (häradskarta) - Lehti = Blad 2:9, Lavansaari

0-meridiaani : Helsinki.

Suomen taloudellinen kartta 1:100000: (kihlakunnankartta) = Finlands ekonomiska karta 1:100000 : (häradskarta) - Lehti = Blad 2:8, Suursaari = Hogland

0-meridiaani : Helsinki.