Seismic attenuation due to wave-induced fluid flow at microscopic and macroscopic scales

Wave-induced fluid flow at microscopic and mesoscopic scales arguably constitutes the major cause of intrinsic seismic attenuation throughout the exploration seismic and sonic frequency ranges. The quantitative analysis of these phenomena is, however, complicated by the fact that the governing physical processes may be dependent. The reason for this is that the presence of microscopic heterogeneities, such as micro-cracks or broken grain contacts, causes the stiffness of the so-called modified dry frame to be complex-valued and frequency-dependent, which in turn may affect the viscoelastic behaviour in response to fluid flow at mesoscopic scales. In this work, we propose a simple but effective procedure to estimate the seismic attenuation and velocity dispersion behaviour associated with wave-induced fluid flow due to both microscopic and mesoscopic heterogeneities and discuss the results obtained for a range of pertinent scenarios.

Quadratic tranverse anisotropy term due to dislocations in Mn12 acetate crystals directly observed by EPR spectroscopy

High-sensitivity electron paramagnetic resonance experiments have been carried out in fresh and stressed Mn12 acetate single crystals for frequencies ranging from 40 GHz up to 110 GHz. The high number of crystal dislocations formed in the stressing process introduces a E(Sx2-Sy2) transverse anisotropy term in the spin Hamiltonian. From the behavior of the resonant absorptions on the applied transverse magnetic field we have obtained an average value for E=22 mK, corresponding to a concentration of dislocations per unit cell of c=10-3.

Particle creation due to cosmological contraction of extra dimensions

Particle production in a cosmological spacetime with extra dimensions is discussed. A five-dimensional cosmological model with a three-dimensional space expanding isotropically like in a radiative Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model and an internal space contracting to a constant small size is considered. The parameters of the model are adjusted so that time variations in internal space are compatible with present limits on time variations of the fundamental constants. By requiring that the energy density of the particles produced be less than the critical density at the radiation era we set restrictions on two more parameters: namely, the initial time of application of the semiclassical approach and the relative sizes between the internal space and the horizon of the ordinary Universe at this time. Whereas the production of massless particles allows a large range of variation to these parameters, the production of massive particles sets severe constraints on them, since, if they are overproduced, their energy density might very soon dominate the Universe and make cosmological dimensional reduction by extradimensional contraction unlikely.

EFFECTS OF COMPACTION DUE TO MACHINERY TRAFFIC ON SOIL PORE CONFIGURATION

Soil compaction has been recognized as a severe problem in mechanized agriculture and has an influence on many soil properties and processes. Yet, there are few studies on the long-term effects of soil compaction, and the development of soil compaction has been shown through a limited number of soil parameters. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the persistence of soil compaction effects (three traffic treatments: T0, without traffic; T3, three tractor passes; and T5, five tractor passes) on pore system configuration, through static and dynamic determinations; and to determine changes in soil pore orientation due to soil compaction through measurement of hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil in samples taken vertically and horizontally. Traffic led to persistent changes in all the dynamic indicators studied (saturated hydraulic conductivity, K0; effective macro- and mesoporosity, εma and εme), with significantly lower values of K0, εma, and εme in the T5 treatment. The static indicators of bulk density (BD), derived total porosity (TP), and total macroporosity (θma) did not vary significantly among the treatments. This means that machine traffic did not produce persistent changes on these variables after two years. However, the orientation of the soil pore system was modified by traffic. Even in T0, there were greater changes in K0 measured in the samples taken vertically than horizontally, which was more related to the presence of vertical biopores, and to isotropy of K0 in the treatments with machine traffic. Overall, the results showed that dynamic indicators are more sensitive to the effects of compaction and that, in the future, static indicators should not be used as compaction indicators without being complemented by dynamic indicators.

Alterations in the local myocardial motion pattern in patients suffering from pressure overload due to aortic stenosis.

BACKGROUND: MR tissue tagging allows the noninvasive assessment of the locally and temporally resolved motion pattern of the left ventricle. Alterations in cardiac torsion and diastolic relaxation of the left ventricle were studied in patients with aortic stenosis and were compared with those of healthy control subjects and championship rowers with physiological volume-overload hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve aortic stenosis patients, 11 healthy control subjects with normal left ventricular function, and 11 world-championship rowers were investigated for systolic and diastolic heart wall motion on a basal and an apical level of the myocardium. Systolic torsion and untwisting during diastole were examined by use of a novel tagging technique (CSPAMM) that provides access to systolic and diastolic motion data. In the healthy heart, the left ventricle performs a systolic wringing motion, with a counterclockwise rotation at the apex and a clockwise rotation at the base. Apical untwisting precedes diastolic filling. In the athlete's heart, torsion and untwisting remain unchanged compared with those of the control subjects. In aortic stenosis patients, torsion is significantly increased and diastolic apical untwisting is prolonged compared with those of control subjects or athletes. CONCLUSIONS: Torsional behavior as observed in pressure- and volume-overloaded hearts is consistent with current theoretical findings. A delayed diastolic untwisting in the pressure-overloaded hearts of the patients may contribute to a tendency toward diastolic dysfunction.

Levantamento dos temas TIC e EAD na biblioteca virtual Educ@

Trata-se de uma pesquisa que envolveu a exploração dos 36 periódicos que compõem o repositório Educ@ com vistas ao levantamento das publicações que enfocam os temas educação a distância - EAD - e tecnologias da informação e da comunicação - TIC. Excluídos três periódicos que se voltam exclusivamente para a divulgação de estudos relacionados aos temas desse levantamento, foram evidenciados 824 artigos. Os dados tabulados permitiram identificar uma mudança no foco dos estudos encontrados, que discutiam a informática educativa e passaram a investigar o uso/apropriação das TIC e a formação de professores para e por meio da EAD. A partir de 2008, a quantidade de artigos publicados por ano em cada periódico triplicou, sinalizando um aumento do interesse dos pesquisadores por investigações sobre os temas explorados.

"Ciberteca" ou biblioteca virtual: uma perspectiva de gerenciamento de recursos de informação

As modificações tecnológicas e as recentes concepções de gerenciamento de recursos de informação têm causado uma quebra no paradigma dos modelos tradicionais de bibliotecas. O conceito de biblioteca virtual se apresenta como uma alternativa para ampliar as condições de busca, disponibilidade e recuperação de informações de maneira globalizada, qualitativa, pertinente e racional, aliando o acesso local ao acesso remoto, com base nas redes de telecomunicação disponíveis. Embora o conceito de biblioteca virtual esteja ainda em construção, um cuidadoso planejamento deve ser elaborado, tendo em vista a transição do modelo tradicional de bibliotecas para o modelo de biblioteca virtual. Alguns passos desta avaliação são apresentados, em especial para bibliotecas especializadas, bem como algumas experiências já em funcionamento em países do Primeiro Mundo. Novos papéis são também exigidos para os profissionais bibliotecários e para o pessoal da biblioteca, visando a um reposicionamento de atitudes e atividades.

Natura cosméticos: quando é virtuoso ser virtual

Descreve a filosofia, o histórico de implantação e as funções da biblioteca virtual da Natura Cosméticos S.A., considerado o primeiro sistema virtual de informações em empresa do Brasil. Devido ao vertiginoso crescimento da empresa desde o início de sua atuação no mercado internacional, buscou-se a definição de uma estrutura de sustentação informativa que auxiliasse o aprimoramento dos produtos e processos e trouxesse informação sobre o que de mais moderno e inovador estivesse acontecendo na cosmética mundial. Além disso, buscava-se uma metodologia que também organizasse, sistematizasse e disponibilizasse a informação com rapidez e critérios seletivos de pertinência e relevância. Acreditava-se ser ineficaz a repetição do velho paradigma da biblioteca interna em um cenário de globalização de mercados no qual o acesso à informação não deveria estar limitado à informação que pudesse ser armazenada em uma sala de biblioteca. Mais importante do que ter a informação seria saber onde encontrá-la de maneira rápida e eficaz, porque guardar não significa dispor quando se necessita e guardar tem um custo geralmente subestimado quando da criação de sistemas que pretendam ser efetivos quanto à prospecção e difusão de informações. O foco de atuação do Centro de Informações Bibliográficas da Natura é o acesso externo à informação em detrimento do acervo interno de informação. Descreve as características, produtos e atividades desse sistema virtual de informações.

Design de biblioteca virtual centrado no usuário: a abordagem do Sense-Making para estudos de necessidades e procedimentos de busca e uso da informação

Analisa a abordagem do Sense-Making na busca e uso da informação.