Tecnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento aplicadas ao mapeamento geologico e geotecnico no municipio de Tres Cachoeiras, litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul

As técnicas de sensoriarnento remoto e geoprocessamento são fundamentais para processamento e integração de dados de mapeamento geológico/geotécnico, principalmente estudos de gerenciamento e planejamento. A área estudada compreende o município de Três Cachoeiras. Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul o qual inclui-se na "Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlântica". O município tem st: deparado com problemas de localização de sitios adequados à disposição final dos resíduos sólidos. bem como o assentamento de loteamentos residenciais e industriais, localização de jazidas de extração de material para construção, fontes de abastecimento de água e necessidade de criação de áreas de preservação ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir mapeamentos da área em questão, através da pesquisa geológico-geotécnica desenvolvida com emprego de imagens de satélite e fotografias aéreas, em que as informações foram cruzadas no SIG. Baseado nisto, investigaram-se os aspectos acima mencionados. a partir de uma contribuição geológico/geotécnica ao município, incluindo-se levantamento de campo, fotointerpretação, processamento e classificação de imagens do município de Três Cachoeiras, sendo os dados integrados num sistema de geoprocessamento. Utilizando-se cartas planialtimétricas, fotografias aéreas e imagem de satélite LANDSAT TM5. foram criados planos de informação como o limite da área estudada, a estrutura viária municipal, a delimitação de reservas ecológicas baseadas na legislação ambiental vigente e, por meio do modelo numérico do terreno, a carta de declividade. A fotointerpretação gerou planos de rede de drenagem, litológica. morfoestruturas e formações superficiais. Os dados de campo. sobrepostos às litológicas obtidas por fotointerpretação, produziram a carta litológica. No tratamento das imagem, foram gerados produtos com contraste, operações entre bandas, filtragens e análise de componentes principais, os quais contribuíram parira classificação da imagem e resultando nos planos de rochas/solos e cobertura/uso do solo (carta de uso atual do solo). O cruzamento destas informações permitiu a obtenção da carta de formações superficiais, lidrogeológica que, juntamente com as cartas litológica, declividades e uso atual do solo distribuíram os atributos do meio físico em planos elaborados por novos cruzamentos, que satisfazem o objetivo do estudo, sendo estes planos o produto final, ou seja, cartas de recomendação: a extração de materiais para construção civil; a implantação de obras de infraestrutura; a disposição de resíduos sólidos e loteamentos; geotécnica à agricultura; à implantação de áreas destinadas à preservação ambienta1 e recuperação.

Ocupaçâo, valorizaçâo e comércio de terras no norte do Rio Grande do Sul - séculos 19 e 20

This article focuses on some aspects of the agrarian history of Soledade, a town in the north of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Our aim is to understand how this area was in many ways affected by the Land Law of 1850, particularly in economic and social terms. Population growth, arrival of European immigrants and increasing privatization of the commons contributed for the increasing of land prices in the region during the second half of the 19 th century. Understanding this situation as a great opportunity to make money, some landowners, directly or through a colonization company, allotted and sold the land they had previously acquired through the Land Law of 1850

Ocupaçâo, valorizaçâo e comércio de terras no norte do Rio Grande do Sul - séculos 19 e 20

This article focuses on some aspects of the agrarian history of Soledade, a town in the north of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Our aim is to understand how this area was in many ways affected by the Land Law of 1850, particularly in economic and social terms. Population growth, arrival of European immigrants and increasing privatization of the commons contributed for the increasing of land prices in the region during the second half of the 19 th century. Understanding this situation as a great opportunity to make money, some landowners, directly or through a colonization company, allotted and sold the land they had previously acquired through the Land Law of 1850

Ocupaçâo, valorizaçâo e comércio de terras no norte do Rio Grande do Sul - séculos 19 e 20

This article focuses on some aspects of the agrarian history of Soledade, a town in the north of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Our aim is to understand how this area was in many ways affected by the Land Law of 1850, particularly in economic and social terms. Population growth, arrival of European immigrants and increasing privatization of the commons contributed for the increasing of land prices in the region during the second half of the 19 th century. Understanding this situation as a great opportunity to make money, some landowners, directly or through a colonization company, allotted and sold the land they had previously acquired through the Land Law of 1850

Flood plain management study : Rio Grande near Del Norte, Colorado /

Chiefly plates.

Assessment of Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment in Elders From Rural Areas of the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul

The main objective of this study was to examine the relationships among demographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment in oldest-old elders from rural areas of the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul. A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was used to conduct the study. 137 Brazilian elders age 80 years or over. A target population data form, a county data form, a demographic questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Depressive Cognition Scale were used to collect the data. A significant difference was found between males and females in regard to cognitive impairment. In addition, educational level and depressive symptoms were correlated with cognitive impairment. Depressive symptoms were a weak but significant predictor of cognitive impairment after controlling for the effect of age, gender, and educational level of the oldest-old elders. The findings need to be interpreted cautiously since the sample scored above the cutoff points for cognitive impairment, and had low scores on depressive symptoms. Despite several limitations, findings from this study can be a foundation for further studies, and well-designed correlational or experimental approaches, are warranted.

A TEN-YEAR SURVEY OF Tinea pedis IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL

Tinea pedis is the most common type of dermatophytosis, but can mimic many cutaneous diseases and tend to be chronic. We present a study of the frequency, epidemiology and clinical aspects of tinea pedis in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul during the period 1988-1997.

A ten-year survey of onychomycosis in the Central Region of the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Onychomycosis is a common infection of the nail plate caused by fungal microrganisms, and represents approximately 50% of nails disorders and 30% of all superficial mycotic infections. We present a study of the frequency, epidemiology and clinical aspects of onychomycosis in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul during the period 1988-1997.

Airborne fungi in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Knowledge of anemophilous fungi in a given city or region is important for the ecological diagnosis and specific treatment of allergic manifestations induced by inhaled allergens. In order to diagnose the presence of anemophilous fungi, several qualitative and quantitative techniques are used depending on the study place. This study of fungal air spores was performed with a Rotorod Sampler®, an equipment which samples the air through a plastic rod attached to an electric engine that makes it spin fast enough to collect the particles in the air. The samples were collected once a week during 24 hours using the standard cycle of the manufacturers. A total of 52 samples were obtained from April 2000 through March 2001. The results revealed prevalence of ascosporos (50.49%), Cladosporium (17.86%), Aspergillus/Penicillium (15.03%), basidiosporos (3.84%), rusts (3.82%), and Helminthosporium (2.49%), and a lesser frequency of Botrytis (1.22%), Alternaria (1.19%), smuts (0.90%), Curvularia (0.87%), Nigrospora (0.61%), and Fusarium (0.08%). Also, 1.59% of the spores detected here could not be identified by the systematic key used. More fungal spores were observed during the summer than during the autumn.

Echinococcosis in southern Brazil: efforts toward implementation of a control program in Santana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul

This investigation aimed to design a strategy for echinococcosis control in Santana do Livramento county, an endemic area in state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Fecal samples from 65 dogs were obtained from urban, suburban and rural areas. Purging with Arecoline Bromhidrate (AB) was done to visualize Echinococcus granulosus, and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was performed to detect parasite coproantigen. Samples were obtained at the beginning and at the end of treatment with Praziquantel. A third fecal sampling was also done in rural areas four months after the end of treatment. Each dog was treated immediately after the first purging and every 30 days for eight months. In urban and suburban areas no infected dogs were found. In rural areas, first evaluation showed 11.36% and 27.69% of infected dogs by AB and ELISA, respectively. No infected dogs were diagnosed in the second evaluation and in the third evaluation 36.84% and 47.37% infected dogs were identified by AB and ELISA, respectively. Medication program to combat dog infection resulted in successful interruption of parasite transmission, but the project failed to create awareness of the need for dog prophylaxis among rural populations as well as to establish a permanent control program in this municipality.

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (ACARI: IXODIDAE) BITING A HUMAN BEING IN PORTOALEGRE CITY, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL

We report the finding of a female brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) on the scalp of a male patient inPorto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Human parasitism by this tick is rare and has seldomly been reported in the literature, despite its recognized importance since it can act as a vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of spotted fever.

Molecular characterization of clinical multiresistant isolates of Acinetobacter sp. from hospitals in Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Hospitals around the world have presented multiresistant Acinetobacter sp. outbreaks. The spread of these isolates that harbor an increasing variety of resistance genes makes the treatment of these infections and their control within the hospital environment more difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and dissemination of Acinetobacter sp. multiresistant isolates and to identify acquired resistance genes. METHODS: We analyzed 274 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter sp. from five hospitals in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. We evaluated the susceptibility to antimicrobial, acquired resistance genes from Ambler's classes B and D, and performed molecular typing of the isolates using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) technique. RESULTS: A high (68%) percentage of multiresistant isolates of Acinetobacter sp. was observed, and 69% were resistant to carbapenems. We identified 84% of isolates belonging to species A. baumannii because they presented the gene blaOXA-51. The gene blaOXA-23 was detected in 62% of the isolates, and among these, 98% were resistant to carbapenems. Using the ERIC-PCR technique, we identified clones of Acinetobacter sp. spread among the four hospitals analyzed during the sampling period. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate the dissemination of Acinetobacter sp. isolates among hospitals and their permanence in the hospital after one year.

Prevalence of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul

OBJECTIVE - To determine the risk factors prevalence for coronary artery disease in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and to identify their relation with the age bracket. METHODS - We carried out an observational, cross-sectional study of 1,066 adults older than 20 years in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul. We investigated the risk factors: familial antecedents, systemic arterial hypertension, high levels of cholesterol and glycemia, overweight/obesity, smoking and sedentary lifestyle. A standardized questionnaire completed at the patients' dwellings by health agents were used; the data were stored in an EPI-INFO software database. The results were expressed with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS - The sample composition was of 51.8% females. The risk factors prevalences were: 1) sedentary lifestyle 71.3%; 2) familial antecedents: 57.3%; 3) overweight/obesity (body mass index >25): 54.7%; 4) smokers: 33.9%; 5) hypertension: 31.6% (considering >140/90mmHg) and 14.4% (considering >160/95mmHg); 6) high glycemia (>126 mg/dL): 7%; 7) high cholesterol >240 mg/dL): 5.6%. CONCLUSION - The prevalence of the major risk factors for coronary artery disease in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul could be determined in a study that integrated public and private institutions.