Tokyo, Japan, 1732 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de Jedo capitale du Japon et résidence du monarque seculier copie su l'original Japonnois de 4 1/2 pieds de long et d'autant de large qui est dan le cabinet du chevalier Hans Sloane = van vier en een halve Engelsche voet lang en zo veele breedt door J. G. Scheuchzer. It was published by Uytwerf in 1732. Scale [ca. 1:32,000]. Covers Tokyo, Japan. Map in French and Dutch. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Tokyo UTM Zone 54N coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, selected buildings, fortification, and more. Relief shown pictorially and by hachures. Includes illustrations. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Kyōto-shi, Japan, ca. 1732 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de Miaco résidence de l'empereur ecclésiastique : copié d'après l'original japonnois ... qui se trouve dans le Cabinet du Chevalier Hans Sloane = Platte grondt van de stad Miaco, zetel van den geestelyken erf-keyzer van Japan : na een origineele japansche kaart ... onder den Ridder Hans Sloane berustende door J. G. Scheuchser. It was published by chez R. & I. Ottens in ca. 1732. Scale [ca. 1:14,000]. Covers Kyōto-shi, Japan. Map in French and Dutch.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Tokyo Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 53N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, streets, mountains, selected buildings, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Nieuwe kaart van Tartarie na de alderlaaste ondekking int ligt gebragt

door Isaak Tirion ; J. Keyser get. on gesn.

Desenvolvimento económico baseado na teoria dos Clusters: o exemplo do calçado em Portugal

Este trabalho aborda o tema dos clusters industriais - concentrações geográficas de empresas interligadas, fornecedores de produtos e serviços, empresas em setores afins e entidades que lhes estão associadas, como as universidades, entidades públicas, associações empresariais. A competitividade resulta da ação das empresas, e estas devem competir e cooperar para criar lucro económico, mas também gerar benefícios para a região e o país. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar que a aplicação da teoria dos clusters no nosso país, - introduzida na sequência de um estudo pedido em 1994 ao criador desta teoria, o Dr. Michael Porter – teve efeitos muito positivos no desenvolvimento dos últimos 20 anos e que maiores poderiam ter sido esses efeitos, se tivesse sido feita a sua aplicação em todos os setores em que se identificavam vantagens competitivas da nossa economia. Foi realizada uma análise da evolução do mais reconhecido cluster, o da indústria do calçado, cujos resultados apontam para as estratégias a adotar em muitos outros setores da nossa economia. Numa extrapolação, fica claro que as regiões nacionais e os países que contam com clusters industriais são aqueles que apresentam desempenho superior, em termos de intensidade exportadora e valor acrescentado. Estas zonas apresentam ainda níveis elevados de riqueza e longevidade dos seus cidadãos. Em termos europeus, a Alemanha, que tem como grandes clusters os setores automóvel, da automação, da eletrónica e da pesquisa laboratorial, é o melhor exemplo deste facto.

Une nouvelle méthode pour estimer la torsion géométrique en scoliose idiopathique de l’adolescent

La scoliose idiopathique de l’adolescent (SIA) est une déformation tridimensionnelle (3D) de la colonne vertébrale. Pour la plupart des patients atteints de SIA, aucun traitement chirurgical n’est nécessaire. Lorsque la déformation devient sévère, un traitement chirurgical visant à réduire la déformation est recommandé. Pour déterminer la sévérité de la SIA, l’imagerie la plus utilisée est une radiographie postéroantérieure (PA) ou antéro-postérieure (AP) du rachis. Plusieurs indices sont disponibles à partir de cette modalité d’imagerie afin de quantifier la déformation de la SIA, dont l’angle de Cobb. La conduite thérapeutique est généralement basée sur cet indice. Cependant, les indices disponibles à cette modalité d’imagerie sont de nature bidimensionnelle (2D). Celles-ci ne décrivent donc pas entièrement la déformation dans la SIA dû à sa nature tridimensionnelle (3D). Conséquemment, les classifications basées sur les indices 2D souffrent des mêmes limitations. Dans le but décrire la SIA en 3D, la torsion géométrique a été étudiée et proposée par Poncet et al. Celle-ci mesure la tendance d’une courbe tridimensionnelle à changer de direction. Cependant, la méthode proposée est susceptible aux erreurs de reconstructions 3D et elle est calculée localement au niveau vertébral. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer une nouvelle méthode d’estimation de la torsion géométrique par l’approximation de longueurs d’arcs locaux et par paramétrisation de courbes dans la SIA. Une première étude visera à étudier la sensibilité de la nouvelle méthode présentée face aux erreurs de reconstructions 3D du rachis. Par la suite, deux études cliniques vont présenter la iv torsion géométrique comme indice global et viseront à démontrer l’existence de sous-groupes non-identifiés dans les classifications actuelles et que ceux-ci ont une pertinence clinique. La première étude a évalué la robustesse de la nouvelle méthode d’estimation de la torsion géométrique chez un groupe de patient atteint de la SIA. Elle a démontré que la nouvelle technique est robuste face aux erreurs de reconstructions 3D du rachis. La deuxième étude a évalué la torsion géométrique utilisant cette nouvelle méthode dans une cohorte de patient avec des déformations de type Lenke 1. Elle a démontré qu’il existe deux sous-groupes, une avec des valeurs de torsion élevées et l’autre avec des valeurs basses. Ces deux sous-groupes possèdent des différences statistiquement significatives, notamment au niveau du rachis lombaire avec le groupe de torsion élevée ayant des valeurs d’orientation des plans de déformation maximales (PMC) en thoraco-lombaire (TLL) plus élevées. La dernière étude a évalué les résultats chirurgicaux de patients ayant une déformation Lenke 1 sous-classifiées selon les valeurs de torsion préalablement. Cette étude a pu démontrer des différences au niveau du PMC au niveau thoraco-lombaire avec des valeurs plus élevées en postopératoire chez les patients ayant une haute torsion. Ces études présentent une nouvelle méthode d’estimation de la torsion géométrique et présentent cet indice quantitativement. Elles ont démontré l’existence de sous-groupes 3D basés sur cet indice ayant une pertinence clinique dans la SIA, qui n’étaient pas identifiés auparavant. Ce projet contribue dans la tendance actuelle vers le développement d’indices 3D et de classifications 3D pour la scoliose idiopathique de l’adolescent.

The European Union’s Democratic Deficit and Options for EU Democracy in the 21st Century. EU Centre Singapore Working Paper No. 22, August 2014

The European Union (EU) is widely acknowledged as a successful example of economic and political integration of nation states today – a slate of democratic institutions such as the European Parliament have also been developed and European citizens now possess extensive political and civil rights by virtue of the introduction of European citizenship. Nevertheless, the EU is said to suffer from a so called “democratic deficit” even as it seeks deeper and closer integration. Decades of institutional design and elite closed-door decisions has taken its toll on the inclusion and integration of European citizens in social and political life, with widening socio-economic inequalities and the resurgence of extreme-right parties during in the wake of the debt crisis in the Eurozone. This paper attempts to evaluate the democratic development of the EU through the use of a process-oriented approach, and concludes at the end with discussions on the various options that the EU and its citizens can take to reform democratic processes and institutions in Europe.

Shall Tunisia Succeed in Becoming a Strong Democratic State? EUSpring Arab Citizenship Review No. 13, December 2015

From the Introduction. Arab revolutions have sparked real hopes for democracy, but the situation varies from one state to another and change has taken various directions, with unpredictable outcomes in the future. In light of current events, most of these countries seem to have failed in their democratic transition and also face the dissolution of their state apparatus in bloody civil wars. This leaves the door open to interpretations associating democracy with chaos. In this view, preserving post-colonial states – authoritarian in most cases – is better than having no state at all. This partially justified the coup that took place in Egypt, where the ‘Deep State’ has recovered its capabilities in a dictatorial manner. The Arab world thus faced an impasse: the state is either stable but authoritarian or democratic yet threatened with dissolution. The dilemma results in an impossible choice between stable dictatorship or freedom ending in chaos.

Winds of Change for US and EU Relations with Cuba. CEPS Commentary, 21 March 2016

The visit by President Obama to Cuba this week marks a new and dramatic phase in the relations between the US and its next-door island neighbour just 90 km off its coastline. It will have taken almost 90 years for an American President to cross the Florida straits after the previous visit, by President Calvin Coolidge, who arrived not by air but on a battleship.

Graft preservation solutions in cardiovascular surgery.

Vein grafts are still the most commonly used graft material in cardiovascular surgery and much effort has been spent in recent years on investigating the optimal harvesting technique. One other related topic of similar importance remained more or less an incidental one. The storage solutions of vein grafts following procurement and prior to implantation are, despite their assumed impact, a relatively neglected theme. There is no doubt that the endothelium plays a key role in long-term patency of vein grafts, but the effects of the different storage solutions on the endothelium remain unclear : In a review of the literature, we could find 20 specific papers that addressed the question, of which the currently available preservation solutions are superior, harmless, damaging or ineffective. The focus lies on saline and autologous whole blood. Besides these two storage media, novel or alternative solutions have been investigated with surprising findings. In addition, a few words will be spent on potential alternatives and novel solutions on the market. As there is currently no randomized clinical trial regarding saline versus autologous whole blood available, this review compares all previous studies and methods of analysis to provide a certain level of evidence on this topic. In summary, saline has negative effects on the endothelial layers and therefore may compromise graft patency. Related factors, such as distension pressure, may outbalance the initial benefit of autologous whole blood or storage solutions and intensify the harmful effects of warm saline. In addition, there is no uniform consent on the superiority of autologous whole blood for vein graft storage. This may open the door to alternatives such as the University of Wisconsin solution or one of the specific designed storage solutions like TiProtec™ or Somaluthion™. Whether these preservation solutions are superior or advantageous remains the subject of further studies.

Prof's House, South University East

One of the four original buildings on campus, located on South University east of the Presidents' house, where Clements Libary now stands. Used as Professor's house from 1840 to 1877 and as the Dental College from 1877 to 1891. East wing added in 1878. In 1891, the Dental School moved, the building was enlarged to the north, a third story was added, the entrance changed to the west, and "Engineering" placed over the door. Used by Engineeering from 1891 to 1922. After 1904 it was called "Old Engineering Building." Demolished in 1922. On verso there is a photograph of the Observatory, same era.

Second location for Dental School 1877

One of the four original buildings on campus, located on South University east of the Presidents' house, where Clements Libary now stands. Used as Professor's house from 1840 to 1877 and as the Dental College from 1877 to 1891. East wing added in 1878. In 1891, the Dental School moved, the building was enlarged to the north, a third story was added, the entrance changed to the west, and "Engineering" placed over the door. Used by Engineeering from 1891 to 1922. After 1904 it was called "Old Engineering Building." Demolished in 1922. On verso: Photographed in 1887 by A.L. Colton, '89

Dental School - S. side of Campus

One of the four original buildings on campus, located on South University east of the Presidents' house, where Clements Libary now stands. Used as Professor's house from 1840 to 1877 and as the Dental College from 1877 to 1891. East wing added in 1878. In 1891, the Dental School moved, the building was enlarged to the north, a third story was added, the entrance changed to the west, and "Engineering" placed over the door. Used by Engineeering from 1891 to 1922. After 1904 it was called "Old Engineering Building." Demolished in 1922.