Changing Tides and Changing Focus: Mapping the Challenges and Successes of One State's Implementation Of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997

In 1997, the Adoption and Safe Families Act shifted from the preservation of families to an emphasis on safety, permanency, and well-being through expediting the termination of parental rights, establishing exceptions to the reasonable efforts clause of preserving the family, and fiscal incentives for finalizing adoptions. The current project assessed the role of a full service array in achieving the outcomes set forth in ASF A. Concept mapping was utilized to elicit information from participants (both urban and rural) regarding the identified research question. Participants recognized family preservation versus safety, community connections, mandates versus reality, and worker recruitment and retention as critical components for meeting ASFA goals. Perceived importance and level of success in implementing these services was also highlighted. Recommendations supported through the data are also provided.

La estela de la Ley de Obispados de 1813 en la administración diocesana

Este trabajo aborda una de las resoluciones de la Asamblea del año XIII: la Ley de Obispados. Esta medida, y otras que estuvieron ligadas a ella, pretendieron dar solución a los problemas del ámbito eclesial. En este sentido y especialmente, nos referimos a la cláusula relativa a la retroversión de las facultades primitivas a los diocesanos o Provisores existentes en las Provincias Unidas. Esta medida obligaba a remitir todos los asuntos eclesiásticos a las cabeceras diocesanas, dando origen a una forma transicional de organización eclesiástica que colaborará en un nueva estructuración del mundo regular y en la reorganización de las Iglesias rioplatenses según una impronta marcada, en parte por los gobiernos políticos, como nos proponemos mostrar en el presente artículo

Produçao do conhecimento em Educaçao Física : Algumas reflexoes a partir do Brasil

This paper aims to problematize knowledge production in Physical Education (PE) from the Brazilian context. From a hermeneutic perspective, it questions the nature of its knowledge considering the difficulties arising from the objects/subjects diversity, methodological approaches and epistemological perspectives. From historic and controversial theory-practice relationship, it identifies some research problems of the area, since it is heiress of the Western dualism in its different aspects. We understand that overcoming the epistemological classical notion places us before other types of research and knowledge validation. It also recognizes that the autonomy enjoyed by science is a concession of a Democratic and Republican Society (therefore, it is always relative) and that it is constantly threatened by instrumental and political perspectives. With regards to intervention problems, we consider that they should occupy a prominent place inside research concerns, even if it means radicalize this interdisciplinary character of Physical Education. We concludes that in these disciplinary field boundaries, and with an effort to link them with pedagogical challenges, knowledge production can contribute to shape a Physical Education identity.

La estela de la Ley de Obispados de 1813 en la administración diocesana

Este trabajo aborda una de las resoluciones de la Asamblea del año XIII: la Ley de Obispados. Esta medida, y otras que estuvieron ligadas a ella, pretendieron dar solución a los problemas del ámbito eclesial. En este sentido y especialmente, nos referimos a la cláusula relativa a la retroversión de las facultades primitivas a los diocesanos o Provisores existentes en las Provincias Unidas. Esta medida obligaba a remitir todos los asuntos eclesiásticos a las cabeceras diocesanas, dando origen a una forma transicional de organización eclesiástica que colaborará en un nueva estructuración del mundo regular y en la reorganización de las Iglesias rioplatenses según una impronta marcada, en parte por los gobiernos políticos, como nos proponemos mostrar en el presente artículo

Produçao do conhecimento em Educaçao Física : Algumas reflexoes a partir do Brasil

This paper aims to problematize knowledge production in Physical Education (PE) from the Brazilian context. From a hermeneutic perspective, it questions the nature of its knowledge considering the difficulties arising from the objects/subjects diversity, methodological approaches and epistemological perspectives. From historic and controversial theory-practice relationship, it identifies some research problems of the area, since it is heiress of the Western dualism in its different aspects. We understand that overcoming the epistemological classical notion places us before other types of research and knowledge validation. It also recognizes that the autonomy enjoyed by science is a concession of a Democratic and Republican Society (therefore, it is always relative) and that it is constantly threatened by instrumental and political perspectives. With regards to intervention problems, we consider that they should occupy a prominent place inside research concerns, even if it means radicalize this interdisciplinary character of Physical Education. We concludes that in these disciplinary field boundaries, and with an effort to link them with pedagogical challenges, knowledge production can contribute to shape a Physical Education identity.

Produçao do conhecimento em Educaçao Física : Algumas reflexoes a partir do Brasil

This paper aims to problematize knowledge production in Physical Education (PE) from the Brazilian context. From a hermeneutic perspective, it questions the nature of its knowledge considering the difficulties arising from the objects/subjects diversity, methodological approaches and epistemological perspectives. From historic and controversial theory-practice relationship, it identifies some research problems of the area, since it is heiress of the Western dualism in its different aspects. We understand that overcoming the epistemological classical notion places us before other types of research and knowledge validation. It also recognizes that the autonomy enjoyed by science is a concession of a Democratic and Republican Society (therefore, it is always relative) and that it is constantly threatened by instrumental and political perspectives. With regards to intervention problems, we consider that they should occupy a prominent place inside research concerns, even if it means radicalize this interdisciplinary character of Physical Education. We concludes that in these disciplinary field boundaries, and with an effort to link them with pedagogical challenges, knowledge production can contribute to shape a Physical Education identity.

La estela de la Ley de Obispados de 1813 en la administración diocesana

Este trabajo aborda una de las resoluciones de la Asamblea del año XIII: la Ley de Obispados. Esta medida, y otras que estuvieron ligadas a ella, pretendieron dar solución a los problemas del ámbito eclesial. En este sentido y especialmente, nos referimos a la cláusula relativa a la retroversión de las facultades primitivas a los diocesanos o Provisores existentes en las Provincias Unidas. Esta medida obligaba a remitir todos los asuntos eclesiásticos a las cabeceras diocesanas, dando origen a una forma transicional de organización eclesiástica que colaborará en un nueva estructuración del mundo regular y en la reorganización de las Iglesias rioplatenses según una impronta marcada, en parte por los gobiernos políticos, como nos proponemos mostrar en el presente artículo

Forestry Sector Reform and Distributional Change of Natural Resource Rent in Indonesia

After the collapse of the centralized Soeharto regime, deforestation caused by over-logging accelerated. To tackle this problem, an IMF/World Bank-led forestry sector reform program adopted a market-friendly approach involving the resumption of round wood exports and raising of the resource rent fee, with the aim to stop rent accumulation by plywood companies, which had enjoyed a supply of round wood at privileged prices. The Indonesian government, for its part, decentralized the forest concession management system to provide incentives for local governments and communities to carry out sustainable forest management. However, neither policy reform worked effectively. The round wood export ban was reimposed and the forest management system centralized again with cooperation from a newly funded industry-led institution. In the midst of the confusion surrounding the policy reversal, the gap between the price of round wood in international and domestic markets failed to contract, although rent allocations to plywood industries were reduced during 1998-2003. The rents were not collected properly by the government, but accumulated unexpectedly in the hands of players in the black market for round wood.

Normative Influences of "Special and Differential Treatment" on North-South RTAs

Recently, there has been a surge in bilateral and regional trade arrangements between developed and developing countries, which are known as North-South RTAs. Under the current legal system of the WTO, North-South RTAs are governed by Article XXIV of the GATT or Article V of the GATS, which means such RTAs must be reciprocal and must cover substantially all the trade. On the other hand, there is another category of rules on RTAs based on the so-called Enabling Clause, which, in exceptional circumstances, provides special and differential treatment (SDT) for RTAs among developing countries. This paper considers the applicability of the SDT concept to North-South RTAs by examining why rules on RTAs and the concept of SDT were incorporated into the GATT/WTO legal framework so as to permit the derogation of most-favored-nation (MFN) obligations.

How do free trade agreements reduce tariff rates and non-tariff barriers?

This paper empirically investigates how far free trade agreements (FTAs) successfully lower tariff rates and non-tariff barriers (NTBs) for manufacturing industries by employing the bilateral tariff and NTB data in a time series for countries around the world. We find that FTAs under GATT Article XXIV and the Enabling Clause contribute to reducing tariff rates by 2.1% points and 1.5% points, respectively. In the case of NTBs, their respective impacts are 6.6% points and 5.7% points. Membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) does not contribute greatly to reducing tariff rates but does play a significant role in reducing NTBs. These results provide important implications for the literature on numerical assessments of FTAs.

Automatic Inference of Determinacy and Mutual Exclusion for Logic Programs Using Mode and Type Analyses

We propose an analysis for detecting procedures and goals that are deterministic (i.e., that produce at most one solution at most once),or predicates whose clause tests are mutually exclusive (which implies that at most one of their clauses will succeed) even if they are not deterministic. The analysis takes advantage of the pruning operator in order to improve the detection of mutual exclusion and determinacy. It also supports arithmetic equations and disequations, as well as equations and disequations on terms,for which we give a complete satisfiability testing algorithm, w.r.t. available type information. Information about determinacy can be used for program debugging and optimization, resource consumption and granularity control, abstraction carrying code, etc. We have implemented the analysis and integrated it in the CiaoPP system, which also infers automatically the mode and type information that our analysis takes as input. Experiments performed on this implementation show that the analysis is fairly accurate and efficient.

Automated attribute inference in complex service workflows based on sharing analysis

The properties of data and activities in business processes can be used to greatly facilítate several relevant tasks performed at design- and run-time, such as fragmentation, compliance checking, or top-down design. Business processes are often described using workflows. We present an approach for mechanically inferring business domain-specific attributes of workflow components (including data Ítems, activities, and elements of sub-workflows), taking as starting point known attributes of workflow inputs and the structure of the workflow. We achieve this by modeling these components as concepts and applying sharing analysis to a Horn clause-based representation of the workflow. The analysis is applicable to workflows featuring complex control and data dependencies, embedded control constructs, such as loops and branches, and embedded component services.

Annotation algorithms for unrestricted independent and-parallelism in logic programs

We present two new algorithms which perform automatic parallelization via source-to-source transformations. The objective is to exploit goal-level, unrestricted independent and-parallelism. The proposed algorithms use as targets new parallel execution primitives which are simpler and more flexible than the well-known &/2 parallel operator. This makes it possible to genérate better parallel expressions by exposing more potential parallelism among the literals of a clause than is possible with &/2. The difference between the two algorithms stems from whether the order of the solutions obtained is preserved or not. We also report on a preliminary evaluation of an implementation of our approach. We compare the performance obtained to that of previous annotation algorithms and show that relevant improvements can be obtained.

Determinacy analysis for logic programs using mode and type information

We propose an analysis for detecting procedures and goals that are deterministic (i.e. that produce at most one solution), or predicates whose clause tests are mutually exclusive (which implies that at most one of their clauses will succeed) even if they are not deterministic (because they cali other predicates that can produce more than one solution). Applications of such determinacy information include detecting programming errors, performing certain high-level program transformations for improving search efñciency, optimizing low level code generation and parallel execution, and estimating tighter upper bounds on the computational costs of goals and data sizes, which can be used for program debugging, resource consumption and granularity control, etc. We have implemented the analysis and integrated it in the CiaoPP system, which also infers automatically the mode and type information that our analysis takes as input. Experiments performed on this implementation show that the analysis is fairly accurate and efncient.

The CDG, UDG, and MEL methods for automatic compile-time parallelization of logic programs for independent and-parallelism

There has been significant interest in parallel execution models for logic programs which exploit Independent And-Parallelism (IAP). In these models, it is necessary to determine which goals are independent and therefore eligible for parallel execution and which goals have to wait for which others during execution. Although this can be done at run-time, it can imply a very heavy overhead. In this paper, we present three algorithms for automatic compiletime parallelization of logic programs using IAP. This is done by converting a clause into a graph-based computational form and then transforming this graph into linear expressions based on &-Prolog, a language for IAP. We also present an algorithm which, given a clause, determines if there is any loss of parallelism due to linearization, for the case in which only unconditional parallelism is desired. Finally, the performance of these annotation algorithms is discussed for some benchmark programs.