1000 resultados para bystander attitudes
Resumo:
Background:
Objectives:
The purpose was to assess the quality of pain management in a cohort of Danish postoperative patients by examining their pain experience, beliefs about pain and pain treatment, and relationships between pain intensity, its effect on function, and pharmacological pain management.
Methods:
The American Pain Society’s Patient Outcome Questionnaire was administered to a consecutive cohort of Danish patients who had undergone gastrointestinal, gynaecological, orthopaedic or urological surgery within 24 and 72 h of surgery.
Results:
Findings indicated uncontrolled pain in 45.5% of patients. These patients reported moderate to severe intensity average pain in the previous 24 h, however, 88.4% of the cohort overall stated they were satisfied or very satisfied with pain treatment. Patients who experienced severe pain only received 50% of available strong opioids, 73.3% of available weak opioids, 100% of available non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and paracetamol. Further, analgesics prescribed to be administered at fixed intervals were administered 99% of the time; in contrast, all Pro Re Nata (PRN) orders irrespective of analgesic categories, were administered only 25% of the time.
Conclusions:
A number of patients experienced significant pain postoperatively. Although multi-modal analgesics were available, analgesic administration practices did not consistently reflect management responsive to patient needs. Despite this, patients were largely satisfied with the care received suggesting the need for further research to understand how patients perceive the efficacy of pain management.
Resumo:
Periodically tracking public sentiment toward television advertising (TVA) is an important barometer for the advertising industry and its myriad stakeholders. To date, however, most studies of consumers’ attitudes to TVA have been cross-sectional. This study, alternatively, provides a quasi-longitudinal examination of Australian attitudes toward TVA across four time points (2002, 2005, 2008, and 2010). Findings suggest that although attitudes toward TVA are generally negative, in fact they have not deteriorated over time. Considerable scope consequently exists for improving consumer attitudes toward TVA.
Mock jury attitudes towards credibility, age, and guilt in a fictional child sexual assault scenario
Resumo:
Low conviction rates of child sexual assault (CSA) remain a persistent social problem in Australia. One reason for this may be the impact of attitudes regarding the victims when the evidence is weak. This article examines the effects of victim age on perceptions of credibility and verdict in a CSA case. Eleven electronic focus groups deliberated a fictional CSA case, in which the age of the child was systemically varied between 6 and 15 years. Deliberation transcripts were analysed with NVivo (Version 9, QSR International Pty Ltd., Burlington, MA, USA), from which thematic clusters were derived. Results showed that as the child's age increased, credibility and guilty verdicts decreased. In addition, testimony alone had little impact in influencing the verdict. These findings suggest that in lieu of corroborating evidence, increasing supporting information, such as expert testimony, and providing structured deliberation for the jury may reduce the influence of victim blame, particularly when the child victim is older.
Resumo:
The findings of this thesis showed that while mock jury groups perceived older children as less credible, other factors such as lack of evidence and testimony were important considerations in the determination of guilt.
Resumo:
While social media tools enable new kinds of creativity, cultural expression and forms of public, civic and political participation, we often hear more about the harms that arise from instances of trolling and 'aberrant' online participation, including racist provocation. In media and communications research, these issues have been framed in a number of ways, usually focusing on new tools for civic engagement, political participation and digital inclusion. Government policy has been shifting steadily towards potential regulation of social media 'misuse' in relation to appropriate forms of 'digital citizenship'. It is in this evolving context that we consider several instances of cultural or nationalistic provocation and conflict in which social media platforms (YouTube and Facebook in particular) have been central to the social dynamic that has unfolded. We examine the recording and uploading of racist rants and associated bystander actions on public transport in Australia and elsewhere around the world. In this article, we contend that while racism remains an issue in uses of social media platforms such as YouTube, this focus often overshadows these platforms' productive potential, including their capacity to support agonistic publics from which productive expressions of cultural citizenship and solidarity might emerge.
