Lottery Action, November 21 - December 12, 2004, Vol. 11, no 22

Lottery Newsletter for Lottery Retailers

Lottery Action, December 13, 2004 - January 2, 2005, Vol. 11, no. 23

Iowa Lottery Newsletter for Retailers

Lottery Action, January 3-23, 2005, vol. 12, no. 1

Iowa Lottery Newsletter for Retailers

Lottery Action, January 26 - February 6, 2005, Vol. 12, No. 2

Iowa Lottery Newsletter for Retailers

Iowa Community Empowerment Newsletter, February 2005, Vol.6, no.1

Monthly newsletter for the Iowa Department of Public Health

Footnotes, March/April 2005, Vol. 29, no. 3-4

Monthly newsletter of the State Library

Brain tissue properties differentiate between motor and limbic basal ganglia circuits.

Despite advances in understanding basic organizational principles of the human basal ganglia, accurate in vivo assessment of their anatomical properties is essential to improve early diagnosis in disorders with corticosubcortical pathology and optimize target planning in deep brain stimulation. Main goal of this study was the detailed topological characterization of limbic, associative, and motor subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in relation to corresponding corticosubcortical circuits. To this aim, we used magnetic resonance imaging and investigated independently anatomical connectivity via white matter tracts next to brain tissue properties. On the basis of probabilistic diffusion tractography we identified STN subregions with predominantly motor, associative, and limbic connectivity. We then computed for each of the nonoverlapping STN subregions the covariance between local brain tissue properties and the rest of the brain using high-resolution maps of magnetization transfer (MT) saturation and longitudinal (R1) and transverse relaxation rate (R2*). The demonstrated spatial distribution pattern of covariance between brain tissue properties linked to myelin (R1 and MT) and iron (R2*) content clearly segregates between motor and limbic basal ganglia circuits. We interpret the demonstrated covariance pattern as evidence for shared tissue properties within a functional circuit, which is closely linked to its function. Our findings open new possibilities for investigation of changes in the established covariance pattern aiming at accurate diagnosis of basal ganglia disorders and prediction of treatment outcome.

IoWoman, March/April 2005, Vol.35, no.2

Newsletter for the Iowa Commission on the Status of Women

Integration of olfactory information in a spatial representation enabling accurate arm choice in the radial arm maze

The aim of the present study was to determine whether and how rats can use local olfactory cues for spatial orientation. Rats were trained in an eight-arm radial maze under different conditions as defined by the presence or absence of supplementary olfactory cues marking each arm, the availability of distant visuospatial information, and the illumination of the maze (light or darkness). The different visual conditions were designed to dissociate among the effects of light per se and those of visuospatial cues, on the use of olfactory cues for accurate arm choice. Different procedures with modifications of the arrangement of olfactory cues were used to determine if rats formed a representation of the spatial configuration of the olfactory cues and if they could rely on such a representation for accurate arm choice in the radial maze. The present study demonstrated that the use of olfactory cues to direct arm choice in the radial arm maze was critically dependent on the illumination conditions and implied two different modes of processing of olfactory information according to the presence or the absence of light. Olfactory cues were used in an explicit manner and enabled accurate arm choice only in the absence of light. Rats, however, had an implicit memory of the location of the olfactory cues and formed a representation of the spatial position of these cues, whatever the lighting conditions. They did not memorize the spatial configuration of the olfactory cues per se but needed these cues to be linked to the external spatial frame of reference.

Lottery Action, February 7-20, 2005, Vol. 12, no. 3

Iowa Lottery newsletter for Lottery retailers.

Lottery Action, February 21-March 6, 2005, Vol. 12, no. 4

Iowa Lottery Newsletter for Lottery Retailers

Lottery Action, March 3-7, 2005, Vol. 12, no. 5

Lottery Newsletter for Retailers

Lottery Action, March 21-April 3, 2005, Vol. 12, no.6

Lottery Newsletter for Retailers