Differential roles of T cell receptor alpha and beta chains in ligand binding among H-2Kd-restricted cytolytic T lymphocyte clones specific for a photoreactive Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite peptide derivative.

To study the interaction of T cell receptor with its ligand, a complex of a major histocompatibility complex molecule and a peptide, we derived H-2Kd-restricted cytolytic T lymphocyte clones from mice immunized with a Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite peptide (PbCS) 252-260 (SYIPSAEKI) derivative containing photoreactive Nepsilon-[4-azidobenzoyl] lysine in place of Pro-255. This residue and Lys-259 were essential parts of the epitope recognized by these clones. Most of the clones expressed BV1S1A1 encoded beta chains along with specific complementary determining region (CDR) 3beta regions but diverse alpha chain sequences. Surprisingly, all T cell receptors were preferentially photoaffinity labeled on the alpha chain. For a representative T cell receptor, the photoaffinity labeled site was located in the Valpha C-strand. Computer modeling suggested the presence of a hydrophobic pocket, which is formed by parts of the Valpha/Jalpha C-, F-, and G-strands and adjacent CDR3alpha residues and structured to be able to avidly bind the photoreactive ligand side chain. We previously found that a T cell receptor specific for a PbCS peptide derivative containing this photoreactive side chain in position 259 similarly used a hydrophobic pocket located between the junctional CDR3 loops. We propose that this nonpolar domain in these locations allow T cell receptors to avidly and specifically bind epitopes containing non-peptidic side chains.

Statistical evaluation of the influence of writing postures on on-line signatures. Study of the impact of time.

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of unusual writing positions on a person's signature, in comparison to a standard writing position. Ten writers were asked to sign their signature six times, in each of four different writing positions, including the standard one. In order to take into consideration the effect of the day-to-day variation, this same process was repeated over 12 sessions, giving a total of 288 signatures per subject. The signatures were collected simultaneously in an off-line and on-line acquisition mode, using an interactive tablet and a ballpoint pen. Unidimensional variables (height to width ratio; time with or without in air displacement) and time-dependent variables (pressure; X and Y coordinates; altitude and azimuth angles) were extracted from each signature. For the unidimensional variables, the position effect was assessed through ANOVA and Dunnett contrast tests. Concerning the time-dependent variables, the signatures were compared by using dynamic time warping, and the position effect was evaluated through classification by linear discriminant analysis. Both of these variables provided similar results: no general tendency regarding the position factor could be highlighted. The influence of the position factor varies according to the subject as well as the variable studied. The impact of the session factor was shown to cover the impact that could be ascribed to the writing position factor. Indeed, the day-to-day variation has a greater effect than the position factor on the studied signature variables. The results of this study suggest guidelines for best practice in the area of signature comparisons and demonstrate the importance of a signature collection procedure covering an adequate number of sampling sessions, with a sufficient number of samples per session.

The Children Order Advisory Committee (PDF 410 KB)

Fifth Report

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus markers among malaria-exposed gold miners in Brazilian Amazon

Hepatitis B and C virus markers were assessed during a survey on malaria in gold mine camps in southern Brazilian Amazon in order to identify risk factors associated to these viral diseases. The study comprised 520 subjects, most of them were gold miners. Missing subjects totaled 49 (8.6%). Among these 520, 82.9% had HBV markers and 7.1% were HBsAg positive. Previous hospitalization, surgery, sexually transmitted diseases and incarceration were quite common among surveyed people, but there is no association between total HBV markers and these factors. On other hand, HBsAg was independently associated to history of sexually transmitted diseases and history of surgery after adjustment. The most frequent HBsAg subtypes identified, adw2 (59%), predominates in populations of Northeast Brazil. The most surveyed people were immigrants coming from that area suggesting that immigrants carried HBV themselves to the study area. Immunoblot (RIBA) confirmed-anti-HCV were found in 2.1%. The only variable associated to anti-HCV in multivariate analysis was illicit intravenous drug. Lack of HCV infection in subjects with such a high HBV markers prevalence reinforces the opinion that HCV is transmitted by restricted routes when compared to HBV. Furthermore, gold miners in Amazon may be considered as a risk group for HBV infection, but not for HCV.

Draft Recovery of Health Services Charges (NI) Order 2004 - Explanatory Memorandum (PDF 296 KB)

Draft Recovery of Health Services Charges (NI) Order 2004 - Explanatory Memorandum

Draft Recovery of Health Services Charges (NI) Order 2004 (PDF 306 KB)

Draft Recovery of Health Services Charges (NI) Order 2004

Recovery of Health Services Charges (NI) Order 2004 - Regulatory Impact Assessment (PDF 254 KB)

Recovery of Health Services Charges (NI) Order 2004 - Regulatory Impact Assessment

Children Order Advisory Committee: Delay in Children Order Cases

Children Order Advisory Committee: Delay in Children Order Cases

Avaluació i predicció del risc de reincidencia en agressors sexuals

En el marc de la intervenció penitenciària amb agressors sexuals, té una especial rellevància la predicció de risc del seu comportament futur, atenent les greus repercussions que poden arribar a tenir les reincidències, tant per a les possibles víctimes com des de la perspectiva de l’impacte mediàtic i pànic moral que generen. En el context internacional, gran part de l’esforç investigador en aquesta matèria ha anat adreçat a l’estandardització de protocols per avaluar el risc de reincidència d’aquests subjectes i orientar la presa de decisions envers ells i la seva vida fora del règim penitenciari. Un dels instruments més novedosos per a la predicció del risc d’agressió sexual és el Sexual Violence Risc – 20 (SVR-20) desenvolupat per un equip d’investigadors canadencs. El treball que aquí es presenta s’inscriu en el marc de l’aplicació pràctica d’aquests procediments predictius al nostre país. L’objectiu principal és aplicar l’SVR-20, de manera retrospectiva, a una mostra d’agressors sexuals per avaluar la capacitat predictiva d’aquest instrument i, així, poder anticipar la possible reincidència dels subjectes. Per aconseguir aquest objectiu, la puntuació total del SVR-20 ha estat correlacionada amb la reincidència veritable, considerant el tractament com una variable a tenir en compte. La regressió logística ha estat utilitzada per examinar el calibratge del model. Aquesta anàlisi avalua el grau de correspondència entre les probabilitats predites (de reincidència) i la reincidència esdevinguda. L’SVR-20 prediu correctament el 55% dels no-reincidents i el 16% dels reincidents. Podem afirmar que aquest model prediu molt millor la reincidència que la no-reincidència. A més, la predicció millora quan hi incloem la variable de tractament. Aquest estudi és el primer a Catalunya que avalua la validesa predictiva d’un instrument d’avaluació del risc de violència sexual. Futures recerques haurien de centrar-se a estimar un punt de tall per a l’SVR-20 que permeti classificar els subjectes de risc de reincidència dels subjectes segurs.

Evaluación y predicción del riesgo de reincidencia en agresores sexuales

Puesto que es muy importante la predicción del riesgo de reincidencia en agresores sexuales, la investigación que aquí se presenta tiene como objetivo la aplicación de uno de los instrumentos más novedosos para la predicción del riesgo de agresión sexual, el Sexual Violence Risc – 20 (SVR-20) desarrollado por un equipo de investigadores canadienses, de manera retrospectiva, a una muestra de agresores sexuales para evaluar la capacidad predictiva de este instrumento y así, poder anticipar la posible reincidencia de los sujetos

A gamma camera count rate saturation correction method for whole-body planar imaging.

Whole-body (WB) planar imaging has long been one of the staple methods of dosimetry, and its quantification has been formalized by the MIRD Committee in pamphlet no 16. One of the issues not specifically addressed in the formalism occurs when the count rates reaching the detector are sufficiently high to result in camera count saturation. Camera dead-time effects have been extensively studied, but all of the developed correction methods assume static acquisitions. However, during WB planar (sweep) imaging, a variable amount of imaged activity exists in the detector's field of view as a function of time and therefore the camera saturation is time dependent. A new time-dependent algorithm was developed to correct for dead-time effects during WB planar acquisitions that accounts for relative motion between detector heads and imaged object. Static camera dead-time parameters were acquired by imaging decaying activity in a phantom and obtaining a saturation curve. Using these parameters, an iterative algorithm akin to Newton's method was developed, which takes into account the variable count rate seen by the detector as a function of time. The algorithm was tested on simulated data as well as on a whole-body scan of high activity Samarium-153 in an ellipsoid phantom. A complete set of parameters from unsaturated phantom data necessary for count rate to activity conversion was also obtained, including build-up and attenuation coefficients, in order to convert corrected count rate values to activity. The algorithm proved successful in accounting for motion- and time-dependent saturation effects in both the simulated and measured data and converged to any desired degree of precision. The clearance half-life calculated from the ellipsoid phantom data was calculated to be 45.1 h after dead-time correction and 51.4 h with no correction; the physical decay half-life of Samarium-153 is 46.3 h. Accurate WB planar dosimetry of high activities relies on successfully compensating for camera saturation which takes into account the variable activity in the field of view, i.e. time-dependent dead-time effects. The algorithm presented here accomplishes this task.