Depression and anxiety in pregnant women with diabetes or mild hyperglycemia

A number of physical and psychological changes that occur during pregnancy can stimulate the development of psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. The study evaluated psychological aspects related to maternal depression and anxiety in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia, contrasting the results with those of non-diabetic pregnant women. In a prospective and longitudinal approach, two questionnaires were applied and validated for use in Brazil, the Beck depression inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The questionnaires were applied to pregnant women at the first prenatal visit or at the time of disease diagnosis (T1) and reapplied at admission for delivery (T2). Regardless of the degree of hyperglycemia, both at first and in the second stage most women had severe anxiety trait. In early pregnancy (T1), however, severe state anxiety was more frequent in women with hyperglycemia than in those from the NG group. Most pregnant women showed moderate state anxiety over their pregnancy, regardless of glycemic status. In early pregnancy, however, severe state anxiety was more prevalent in hyperglycemic women than in those with normal glycemic status. Most women showed moderate trait anxiety and mild depression in both early and late pregnancy, irrespective of glycemic status. The incidence of severe state anxiety in early pregnancy is more frequent in women with diabetes or hyperglycemia, but their levels of trait anxiety and depression are not affected by glycemic status.

Fatores maternos associados à realização de cesárea eletiva e resultado perinatal segundo tipo de parto: estudo populacional desenvolvido em município de médio porte do interior paulista

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação eletrocardiográfica em fêmeas prenhes, fetos e neonatos equinos da raça Paint Horse

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento do rúmen de bovinos no período pré-natal

The development of the domestic mammals’ stomach is a complex process, especially in ruminants. The objective of this research was to perform the analysis of structures of this organ during prenatal period. Samples of Nelore fetuses rumen (Bos Taurus indicus) were divided into five groups: 1 - fetuses with 9 to 15 weeks (8 to 21cm) of gestation, 2 - fetuses with 16 to 22 weeks (23 to 37cm), 3 - fetuses at 23 to 29 weeks (40 to 58cm) 4 - fetuses with 30 to 36 weeks (61 to 77cm) and 5 - fetuses with 37 to 43 weeks (79 to 88cm). Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory's trichrome and examined at light microscope. In group 1, in fetuses with 11 cm, could be seen all the layers, mucosa with high epithelium and light cells, lamina propria fused with submucosa, the muscular layer was with two thin sublayers similar in thickness and serosa was thin too. With 13.5 cm, was observed the first irregularities in the mucosa with epithelium projections and lamina propria that will lead rumen papillae. With 16.5 cm there was differentiation of the lamina propria to the submucosa. In group 2, in fetuses with 28 cm were observed complete papillae. From this stage, the remaining groups, there was an increase in thickness of the epithelium, lamina propria, submucosal and muscular layer whit the inner sublayer more thicker than the external and serosa. It was concluded that the main variations occur in fetuses of groups 1 and 2, and after this phase, there is increased in thickness of all layers until the end of the pregnancy period.