Transcending Cultural and Language Differences: Ethical Codes of Conduct for Translators and Interpreters in Afghanistan

This project examines what an ethical code of conduct would look like in Afghanistan through analysis of historical, cultural and linguistic aspects found within its regions, as well as an examination of ethical codes of conduct for translators and interpreters in other countries. While numerous ethical guidelines and codes of conduct for translators and interpreters exist throughout global communities, it seems that creating a successful standardized ethical code of conduct in Afghanistan may be difficult to achieve given cultural and linguistic complexities. An ethical code of conduct for translators and interpreters in Afghanistan should include particular focus on: cultural sensitivity and courtesy, impartiality, conflict of interest, options for withdrawal, as well as reflect the importance of Pashtunwali.

This time it’s different: Turbo-charging regulatory cooperation in TTIP. Paper No. 7 in the CEPS-CTR project ‘TTIP in the Balance’ and CEPS Special Report No. 110/June 2015

Regulatory cooperation is both one of the most ambitious and contentious parts of the EU-US Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations. In this paper, having identified the many levels of international regulatory cooperation, we show that TTIP regulatory cooperation will be significant, but not ambitious, while political and legal limits on cooperation in both the EU and the US minimise the concerns. For transatlantic regulatory cooperation to work, it must accept these political and legal constraints, build trust and confidence among counterpart regulators so they see that their transatlantic partner can help them do their work better, and provide tools to help regulators on both sides make informed decisions while retaining their regulatory autonomy and accountability to their politicians and citizens. A TTIP that provides these tools – and some more detailed instruments to that effect – will be more ambitious than previous trade agreements, and should, over the longer term, provide both the economic and regulatory benefits that the two sides envisage. The paper incorporates comparisons with the relevant chapters of recent FTAs the US and the EU have concluded, so as to clarify the approaches and degrees of ambition in this area. This comparison suggests that the TTIP regulatory cooperation will probably be more ambitious in terms of commitments and have a wider scope than any of these FTAs.

Modellazione e verifica sperimentale delle dinamiche di aspirazione di un motore turbo GDI

Obiettivo di questo elaborato è quello di provvedere alla elaborazione dei dati geometrici necessari alla modellazione dei condotti di aspirazione e scarico di un motore 4 cilindri turbo benzina ad iniezione diretta (GDI) disponibile a banco prove. I dati sperimentali raccolti sono stati elaborati e sintetizzati, con lo scopo di fare avvicinare il più possibile le caratteristiche del modello a quelle del sistema a banco (cercando dunque di rendere il modello il più veritiero possibile). In primo luogo, saranno descritte le principali caratteristiche dei motori a combustione interna, con particolare enfasi rivolta ai componenti ed ai processi che caratterizzano i motori turbo GDI. In un secondo momento, sarà descritto come si è proceduto nella raccolta dei dati necessari alla modellazione e nell’elaborazione degli stessi. Il software cui l’elaborazione dei dati necessari alla modellazione è stata rivolta è GT-Suite, prodotto da Gamma Technologies e largamente utilizzato dalla maggior parte delle aziende del settore automotive.

Genetic Codes with No Dedicated Stop Codon: Context-Dependent Translation Termination

The prevailing view of the nuclear genetic code is that it is largely frozen and unambiguous. Flexibility in the nuclear genetic code has been demonstrated in ciliates that reassign standard stop codons to amino acids, resulting in seven variant genetic codes, including three previously undescribed ones reported here. Surprisingly, in two of these species, we find efficient translation of all 64 codons as standard amino acids and recognition of either one or all three stop codons. How, therefore, does the translation machinery interpret a “stop” codon? We provide evidence, based on ribosomal profiling and “stop” codon depletion shortly before coding sequence ends, that mRNA 3′ ends may contribute to distinguishing stop from sense in a context-dependent manner. We further propose that such context-dependent termination/readthrough suppression near transcript ends enables genetic code evolution.

Standardized reporting using CODES (Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System).

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

The Civil Code of the Federal District and territories. A translation, with an appendix as to the civil codes of the various Mexican states, explanatory notes, etc.

Index: p. [i]-ix.

Tabulation of labor provisions in codes approved by August 8, 1934.

Mode of access: Internet.