SupraMOFs: Supramolecular porous materials assembled from metal-nucleobase discrete entities

289 p.

Nano-modification inside transparent materials by femtosecond laser single beam

Periodic nanostructures along the polarization direction of light are observed inside silica glasses and tellurium dioxide single crystal after irradiation by a focused single femtosecond laser beam. Backscattering electron images of the irradiated spot inside silica glass reveal a periodic structure of stripe-like regions of similar to 20 nm width with a low oxygen concentration. In the case of the tellurium dioxide single crystal, secondary electron images within the focal spot show the formation of a periodic structure of voids with 30 nm width. Oxygen defects in a silica glass and voids in a tellurium dioxide single crystal are aligned perpendicular to the laser polarization direction. These are the smallest nanostructures below the diffraction limit of light, which are formed inside transparent materials. The phenomenon is interpreted in terms of interference between the incident light field and the electric field of electron plasma wave generated in the bulk of material.

Three-dimensional micro- and nano-fabrication in transparent materials by femtosecond laser

Femtosecond pulsed lasers have been widely used for materials microprocessing. Due to their ultrashort pulse width and ultrahigh light intensity, the process is generally characterized by the nonthermal diffusion process. We observed various induced microstructures such as refractive-index-changed structures, color center defects, microvoids and microcracks in transparent materials (e.g., glasses after the femtosecond laser irradiation), and discussed the possible applications of the microstructures in the fabrication of various micro optical devices [e.g., optical waveguides, microgratings, microlenses, fiber attenuators, and three-dimensional (3D) optical memory]. In this paper, we review our recent research developments on single femtosecond-laser-induced nanostructures. We introduce the space-selective valence state manipulation of active ions, precipitation and control of metal nanoparticles and light polarization-dependent permanent nanostructures, and discuss the mechanisms and possible applications of the observed phenomena.

Generation of 210 fs laser pulses at 1093 nm by a self-starting mode-locked Yb:GYSO laser

We report the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of the femtosecond laser operation by using a new alloyed Yb:GYSO crystal as the gain medium. With a 5 at. % Yb3+-doped sample and chirped mirrors for dispersion compensation, we obtained pulses as short as 210 fs at the center wavelength of 1093 nm. The average mode-locking power is 300 mW, and the pulse repetition frequency is 80 MHz. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

Influence of ZrO2 in HfO2 on reflectance of HfO2/SiO2 multilayer at 248 nm prepared by electron-beam evaporation

Influence of ZrO2 in HfO2 on the reflectance of HfO2/SiO2 multilayer at 248 nm was investigated. Two kinds of HfO2 with different ZrO2 content were chosen as high refractive index material and the same kind of SiO2 as low refractive index material to prepare the mirrors by electron-beam evaporation. The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 starting coating materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum (GDMS) technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) equipment, respectively. It showed that between the two kinds of HfO2, either the bulk materials or their corresponding films, the difference of ZrO2 was much larger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe. It is the Zr element that affects the property of thin films. Both in theoretical and in experimental, the mirror prepared with the HfO2 starting material containing more Zr content has a lower reflectance. Because the extinction coefficient of zirconia is relatively high in UV region, it can be treated as one kind of absorbing defects to influence the optical property of the mirrors. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Investigação do efeito magnetocalórico convencional e anisotrópico no sistema Er(1-y)Ho(y)N

O efeito magnetocalórico, base da refrigeração magnética, é caracterizado por duas quantidades: a variação isotérmica da entropia (ΔST) e a variação adiabática da temperatura (ΔTad) as quais podem ser obtidas sob variações na intensidade de um campo magnético aplicado. Em sistemas que apresentam anisotropia magnética, pode‐se definir o efeito magnetocalórico anisotrópico, o qual, por definição, é calculado através da variação na direção de aplicação de um campo magnético cuja intensidade se mantém fixa. Nos materiais de nosso interesse, o efeito magnetocalórico é estudado teoricamente partindo de um hamiltoniano modelo que leva em conta a rede magnética (que pode ser composta por diversas sub-redes magnéticas acopladas), rede cristalina e a dinâmica dos elétrons de condução. No hamiltoniano magnético são consideradas as interações de troca, Zeeman e campo cristalino (esta ultima responsável pela anisotropia magnética). Recentemente, estudamos o efeito magnetocalórico convencional e o efeito magnetocalórico anisotrópico nos compostos mononitretos com terras-raras, a saber: Ho(y)Er(1-y)N para as concentrações y= 0,1,0.5 e 0.75. Comparações entre nossos resultados teóricos e os dados experimentais para o EMC foram bastante satisfatórias [3,9]. Além disso, diversas predições teóricas como a existência de uma fase ferrimagnética no sistema Ho(y)Er(1-y)N (para a concentração y=0.5) e reorientações de spin nas sub-redes do Ho e Er foram feitas [25].