Políticas curriculares para formação de professores: processos de identificação docente (1995-2010)

Esta pesquisa busca contribuir para a compreensão e as investigações das políticas curriculares de formação de professores como ciência social, apropriando-se das teorias pós-estruturalistas. Repensa algumas temáticas como a hegemonia, o poder, a constituição das identidades docentes nas políticas curriculares, a produção do discurso pedagógico e do discurso curricular na formação de professores. Nas pesquisas sobre políticas de currículo, percebe-se que o foco na formação de professores marca o protagonismo docente, na medida em que esse agente é significado como a peça-chave nas mudanças políticas curriculares. O professor é identificado como quem ressignifica o conhecimento, dissemina e transforma o discurso político-pedagógico nas várias instâncias educacionais. Esse espaço ora é significado pela omissão de sua atuação ou formação, remetendo a um discurso de culpabilização docente, ora marcado por um espaço de endeusamento e que significa o professor como parceiro nas mudanças e projetos curriculares propostos pelos órgãos nacionais e internacionais. Esse movimento de contínua produção de significados é um movimento de endereçamento de sentidos. Os discursos produzidos nos contextos FHC e Lula convivem com diferentes discursos sociais e culturais que são reinterpretados ao mesmo tempo em que recriam novos discursos. Nessa contínua produção de sentidos, a formação de professores é marcada por uma tendência a naturalizar certos sentidos para o currículo estabelecendo uma interface entre discurso pedagógico e discurso de política curricular de formação de professores. A pesquisa apresenta um estudo na temática da identidade docente, no campo das políticas curriculares, no período dos governos Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) e Lula da Silva (Lula), a partir da discussão sobre a formação docente como projeto curricular que busca endereçar uma dada identidade, relacionando discurso pedagógico e discurso curricular. A análise dos documentos é feita por meio da ferramenta tecnológica do programa WordSmith Tools, versão 5, investigando os endereçamentos de sentidos para a constituição da identidade docente, bem como o/s sentido/s defendido/s em cada contexto para a formação de professores. A fundamentação teórica tem por base o Ciclo de Políticas de Stephen Ball, processos de hibridização e identidade com Stuart Hall, S. Ball e Rita Frangella, Política Curricular com Alice C. Lopes, Elizabeth Macedo, Teoria do Discurso com Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe e formação de professores com Helena de Freitas, Carlinda Leite e Rosanne Dias. Defende-se que o endereçamento de sentidos e a busca por hegemonizar determinados discursos fazem parte de uma luta de poder, de articulações que constituem sujeitos e contextos e, por isso, produzem processos provisórios e contingentes de constituição de identidades docentes. Entende-se, nessa perspectiva, que não existe uma identidade fixa e universal que possa dar conta de representar o social. A tese apresentada é de antagonismo entre os projetos políticos, aqui denominados como FHC e Lula, pois engendram discursos de formação de identidade docente que defendem, ao mesmo tempo em que justificam, a necessidade de mudanças nas políticas curriculares de formação de professores e na significação do discurso pedagógico mais adequado para cada contexto. Contudo, apesar de defenderem diferentes discursos e concepções de identidade docente, acabam por assemelharem-se nas propostas finais por meio dos mecanismos de aferição da qualidade docente pautados em índices nacionais e internacionais através de avaliações, minimizando dessa forma o antagonismo entre as duas propostas. Conclui-se que há antagonismo entre as duas cadeias discursivas e, ainda que em alguns momentos enfraquecidos por força de demandas à margem do projeto político social mais amplo, permanecem antagônicas mesmo que por sutis diferenças

Assessment of the Distribution and Abundance of Coastal Sharks in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and Eastern Seaboard, 1995 and 1996

During 1995 and 1996, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), conducted pilot studies to develop survey methodology and a sampling strategy for assessment of coastal shark populations in the Gulf of Mexico and western North Atlantic. Longline gear similar to that used in the commercial shark fishery was deployed at randomly selected stations within three depth strata per 60 nautical mile gridf rom Brownsville, Tex. to Cape Ann, Mass. The survey methodology and gear design used in these surveys proved effective for capturing many of the small and large coastal sharks regulated under the auspices of the 1993 Fisheries Management Plan (FMP) for Sharks oft he Atlantic Ocean. Shark catch rates, species composition, and relative abundance documented in these pilot surveys were similar to those reported from observer programs monitoring commercial activities. During 78 survey days, 269 bottom longline sets were completed with 879 sharks captured.

The Bowhead Whale, Balaena mysticetus: Its Historic and Current Status

The bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, is currently listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and as depleted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Literature on the species is updated since 1984, and elements are reviewed that may contribute to the evaluation of the status of bowhead whale stocks.

Temporal Changes in a Tropical Nekton Assemblage and Performance of a Prawn Selective Gear

The temporal variation of components of a moderately diverse (H=1.46) tropical estuarine fish assemblage (long. 146°30'E, lat. 8°45'S) was directed by salinities that had been determined by local oceanographic and probably topographic conditions. For this assemblage, two types of intrayear component profiles are predicted. Pooled data (1988-91) reveal a large component of regular/resident species (43%) in an assemblage which has been under a narrow temperature regime «5T). These results facilitate a discussion on the relevance and usefulness of three hypotheses often cited in studies concerning species diversity and component characteristics of the subtropical/tropical coastal nonreef fish assemblages. Manifestations of the assemblage are reflected in catch composition and weights of 39 trials conducted for a selective prawning gear whose performance in bycatch reduction, mainly for finfishes, is judged by an index, E, we have previously proposed. This gear is capable of harvesting the prawn while conserving the demersal fish. Behavioral responses to netting of the prawns and the finfishes, especially the nearshore surface schoolers such as leiognathids, are discussed from several points of view. An adaptation in terms of group selection for leiognathids of their locking mechanism of median fin spines has been interpreted. For the purpose of bycatch reduction or E enhancement, suggestions for improvements in net design and trawl configuration by considering the behavioral features of fish are made. Our original formula of E is modified for general use. Bycatch problems in the regional prawn fisheries and their possible impacts on fishery planning and development in Papua New Guinea as a developing country are discussed. The gear tested may offer enormous ecological and economic benefits. The gear is multipurpose, extremely simple, and can also be used as a biological sampler.

Skimmers: Their Development and Use in Coastal Louisiana

The origin, development, and utilization of the skimmer net is reviewed along with other historical shrimp gears used in coastal Louisiana. The skimmer was developed to catch white shrimp, Penaeus setiferus, observed jumping over the cork line (headrope) of trawls being worked in shallow waters. A description of the gear is presented including basic components and various frame designs used by fishermen during its development. The advantages of skimmers over bottom trawls include: multiple use as both trawl and butterfly net (wing net), ease of deployment, increased maneuverability, reduction and greater survivability of bycatch, and ability to cover more area due to increased speed and continuous fishing capability. Disadvantages may include compromising vessel stability when stored upright on the deck, possible damage to water bottoms when improperly rigged, and limitation to a 12-foot (3.6 m) maximum depth due to size restrictions. The growing popularity of the skimmer net is evident by its introduction into North Carolina and inquiries from other southeastern Atlantic and Gulf coast states.

Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee 3rd May, 1976.

This is the report from the Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 3rd May 1976. The report contains information on the regional fisheries organization, the review of the Water Industry in England and Wales, fisheries improvement work on the River Leven, Mitton Hatchery, new code of fishery byelaws, proposed byelaws (Coniston) and temporary licences. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Lune, Wyre & Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee 5th May, 1975

This is the report from the Lune, Wyre and Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 5th May, 1975. It covers information on fishery byelaws, Eel trapping, and a report by the Unit Fisheries Officer on fisheries activities. This section includes work on stocking, fisheries management, fish mortalities, migratory fish runs for the Rivers Lune, Wyre and Furness during 1974. Catch returns and spawning information for 1974 are also covered aswell as biological work and the approval of River Leven work. Other areas looked at include licence duties and inportation of live freshwater fish. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

South Lancashire Fisheries Advisory Committee 7th May, 1975

This is the report from the South Lancashire Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 7th May, 1975. It covers information on fishery byelaws, eel trapping, and a report by the Unit Fisheries Officer on fisheries activities. This section includes work on stocking, fisheries management, fish mortalities including date, location, number, species and cause. Migratory fish runs for the Rivers Ribble and Hodder during 1974 are also added. Catch returns and spawning information for 1974 are also covered aswell as biological work undertaken. Licence duties and information on the importation of live freshwater fish are included. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee 12th May, 1975

This is the report from the Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 12th May, 1975. The report covers the minutes from the previous meetings of the Local Fisheries Advisory Committees, licence duties, fishery byelaws, and regional fish hatchery requirements. Also included is information on the long term angling leases on Authority waters. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee 2nd May, 1978

This is the report from the Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 2nd May 1978. The report contains the minutes of the last meetings of the Local Fisheries Advisory Committees, income and expenditure and the enforcement of licensing provisions. Also included is information on Stocks Reservoir, which includes the proposals for public angling. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee 20th May, 1985

This is the report from the Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 20th May, 1985. The report contains sections on fishing licence duties in 1986, lead poisoning in swans, Authority investigations into acidity problems in rivers in Cumbria, fishing offences processed, Fish Counter statistics, and the fisheries liaison meeting report. The section on Authority investigations into acidity problems in rivers in Cumbria pays attention on investigations carried out by the University of Lancaster and Freshwater Biological Association about acidity problems, particularly in the Rivers Duddon and Esk since 1980. This section contains biological findings, a chemical sampling programme, results from continuous pH monitors, and catchment liming. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

West Cumbria Special Fisheries Advisory Group 16th May, 1986

This is the report from the West Cumbria Special Fisheries Advisory Group meeting, which was held on the 16th May, 1986. The report contains sections on a Fish Pass at Ennerdale, Authority proposals for discharge of compensation water from Ennerdale and a diagram of fish pass at Ennerdale. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee 19th May, 1986

This is the report from the Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 19th May, 1986. The report contains sections on fishing licence duties, a liaison with Sea Fisheries Committees; applications to trap eels before the 25th June and Authority schemes for the benefit of fisheries and fishing. Also included is fish counter statistics, salmonid hatchery policy and a consultation paper setting out proposals for controlling the import and supply of anglers lead weights. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee 18th May, 1987

This is the report from the Regional Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 18th May, 1987. The report contains sections on fishing licence duties, the abolition of coarse fish close season in enclosed waters and applications to trap eels before the 25th June. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.