1000 resultados para Residuos sólidos mineros
Resumo:
O discurso cotidiano repetido nas últimas décadas é o de como a produção de lixo nos diferentes espaços aumentou. Com isso, vários problemas inerentes a administração dos resíduos interferem na conservação dos recursos naturais. Diante desta problemática ambiental, destinar efetivamente os resíduos sólidos é garantir alguns anos de sobrevivência para tais recursos com também à população que necessita utilizá-los. Este trabalho sugere diretrizes à elaboração de um Plano de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos para o município do Cabo de Santo Agostinho/PE. O estudo é descritivo e comparativo e os dados são avaliados qualitativamente. Para sua realização fez-se necessário levantamento dos principais conceitos inerentes como também a caracterização geográfica, histórica e ambiental do município. Além disso, foi feita a busca de dados na Prefeitura Municipal e a elaboração das diretrizes do plano propriamente dito, comparando a realidade com os dados colhidos. O município do Cabo de Santo Agostinho possui um diagnóstico dos resíduos sólidos, no entanto o Plano de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos ainda não foi feito. O aumento da produção do lixo se tornou um tema preocupante e, o correto armazenamento e destino final dos resíduos produzidos, são urgentes.
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2016
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Na atualidade, lixo é considerado como um dos problemas de ordem mundial. Uma vez que crescimento populacional tem estabelecido uma relação direta com a geração deste tipo de. A normatização quanto ao seu manuseio é tarefa árdua para o setor público, pois exige o envolvimento de diferentes setores dentro da administração. Apesar desse desafio o Brasil conseguiu caminhar na construção de uma política nacional específica para os resíduos sólidos. Dentro dessa política existe parte específica tratando dos resíduos de saúde, com normas, leis e portarias que regulamentam sua gestão de maneira adequada. O plano de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos em saúde (PGRSS) é um instrumento de uso obrigatório nos estabelecimentos de saúde, mas ainda são poucos os que possuem tal documento. Ao compreender a importância da implementação deste plano este trabalho adotou como objeto a proposição de um Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos Saúde para a Unidade de Saúde Nossa Senhora Aparecida, localizada em São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais.
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O Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) surgiu partir de um encontro promovido pelo Ministério da Saúde para discutir os resultados alcançados pelo Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (PACS), juntamente com os gestores municipais que reivindicavam reestruturação imediata do programa. Assim, o PSF nasceu sob a inspiração do êxito alcançado pelo PACS e a experiência positiva do Programa de Médico da Família em Niterói. O PSF, agora elevado ao status de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), configura-se como uma proposta de reordenamento do modelo assistencial a partir de uma nova configuração do sistema de atenção básica, através de uma equipe de profissionais de diversas áreas da saúde, com graus de instrução superior e médio, como é o caso dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS's). O ACS é o profissional da saúde pertencente à comunidade de sua área de atuação, e que desenvolve ações nos domicílios sob sua responsabilidade. O ACS é, portanto, o elo de ligação entre Unidade de Saúde da Família e a comunidade onde desenvolve suas ações. Em virtude de sua proximidade com a comunidade e, consequentemente, com as famílias que a compõe, o ACS torna-se o principal difusor das práticas de atenção básica da saúde, principalmente ao que tange à alimentação familiar, em especial, da criança. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho visa demonstrar a importância do ACS frente às dificuldades enfrentadas pelas mães em relação à alimentação da criança, especialmente na etapa de transição alimentar, quando se requer atenção dobrada em relação às práticas nutricionais, pois, uma má orientação pode levar a situações patológicas irreversíveis na fase adulta do indivíduo.
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A autora procedeceu a um levantamento prospectivo, observacional sobre a forma do gerenciamento transporte, prejuízos ambientais e sociais dos resíduos provenientes dos procedimentos de saúde do município, segundo tipos, eficácia de função e potenciais impactos negativos a saúde humana e ambiental. A estrutura do repositório foi analisada e classificada segundo o seu potencial de eficácia e periculosidade. Os achados coincidem com os demais grupos de estudiosos, no que diz respeito a lixões de céu aberto como ocorre em Santa Helena de Minas-MG, a potencial infiltração nos extratos mais profundos do solo levando um risco ao aqüífero subjacente e, na vigência de enxurradas, o citado potencial de risco ameaça as águas de um córrego, que cruza a área circunvizinha. Outro fato diz respeito às pessoas que realizam a catação seletiva de materiais passíveis de serem vendidos bem como de restos alimentares para uso imediato pondo em risco sua própria saúde e transformando-se em agente transmissor de diversas patologias. Todos esses agravos têm sua causa em um gerenciamento descuidado, sobre um descarte não criterioso e um substrato de solo sem tratamento
Resumo:
A autora procedeceu a um levantamento prospectivo, observacional sobre a forma do gerenciamento transporte, prejuízos ambientais e sociais dos resíduos provenientes dos procedimentos de saúde do município, segundo tipos, eficácia de função e potenciais impactos negativos a saúde humana e ambiental. A estrutura do repositório foi analisada e classificada segundo o seu potencial de eficácia e periculosidade. Os achados coincidem com os demais grupos de estudiosos, no que diz respeito a lixões de céu aberto como ocorre em Santa Helena de Minas-MG, a potencial infiltração nos extratos mais profundos do solo levando um risco ao aqüífero subjacente e, na vigência de enxurradas, o citado potencial de risco ameaça as águas de um córrego, que cruza a área circunvizinha. Outro fato diz respeito às pessoas que realizam a catação seletiva de materiais passíveis de serem vendidos bem como de restos alimentares para uso imediato pondo em risco sua própria saúde e transformando-se em agente transmissor de diversas patologias. Todos esses agravos têm sua causa em um gerenciamento descuidado, sobre um descarte não criterioso e um substrato de solo sem tratamento
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This research studied the effect of low density polyethylene packaging and storage temperature on the preservation of fresh-cut (minimally processed) cabbage. The cabbages, previously cooled to a temperature of 10 ºC, were selected, washed, cut in four parts (with the central stalk removed), sanitized, cut in strips, rinsed, put in the centrifuge, weighed and stored in plastic packaging of low density polyethylene (70 µm), and then stored in cold chambers at temperatures of 1 and 10 ºC for 20 days. The following aspects were evaluated: carbon dioxide, oxygen and ethylene in the internal atmosphere of the package as well as, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, vitamin C, loss of fresh mass and the total soluble solids/acidity in the fresh-cut cabbage ratio. The experimental design was entirely casual, with three repetitions. The analysis parameters, except for the vitamin C, loss of fresh mass and ethylene, presented significant variation between the temperatures and days of storage. The cabbage stored at a temperature of 1 ºC presented a shelf life of around 15 days, significantly higher than that stored at 10 ºC. At this temperature, on the 8th day of storage, the product was completely decayed, unfit for commercialization or consumption.
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The research approaches recycling of urban waste compost (UWC) as an alternative fertilizer for sugarcane crop and as a social and environmental solution to the solids residuals growth in urban centers. A mathematical model was used in order to know the metal dynamics as decision support tool, aiming to establish of criteria and procedures for UWC's safe use, limited by the amount of heavy metal. A compartmental model was developed from experimental data in controlled conditions and partially checked with field data. This model described the heavy metal transference in the system soil-root-aerial portion of sugarcane plants and concluded that nickel was metal to be concern, since it takes approximately three years to be attenuated in the soil, reaching the aerial portions of the plant at high concentrations. Regarding factors such as clay content, oxide level and soil pH, it was observed that for soil with higher buffering capacity, the transfer of the majority of the metals was slower. This model may become an important tool for the attainment of laws regarding the UWC use, aiming to reduce environment contamination the waste accumulation and production costs.
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Postharvest losses vary among the different vegetable products. However, among fruits and vegetables the losses generally range from 30% to 50%. Thus, this paper aimed the application of 1-methylcycloprene (1-MCP) and fast cooling with forced air (PC) on peaches, in order to estimate their effects in the ripening process of this fruit. Physiological analyses were performed, such as loss of fresh mass, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, ratio and CO2 production, as well as sensorial analyses such as color, texture and flavor. The experiment was divided in two phases. In the first one, concentrations of 30, 60, and 90 nL/L 1-MCP, applied at 0 ºC and 20 ºC, were tested. The fruits treated without 1-MCP were denominated control for both temperatures studied. The second phase was composed by the following treatments: cold storage (CS) or control, cooling with forced air (CFA), cooling with forced air followed by 1-MCP application (CFA + 1-MCP) and 1-MCP application (1-MCP). Among these, the CFA + 1-MCP treatment provided more firmness of the fruits in comparison to the control fruits. The respiratory rate of peaches under CFA and CFA + 1-MCP treatments decreased in comparison to the control fruit respiratory rates.
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Fresh-cut sliced fruits and vegetables are ready to eat immediately and their sensorial characteristics should be similar to fresh product. Although most of the studies in this area are focused on vegetables, there is a great market potential for fresh-cut sliced fruits, mainly for those which exhibit some commercialization or preparation difficulties such as pineapple. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 1% and 3% concentrations of calcium salts (chloride, sulphate and lactate) on pH, total soluble solids and firmness values of minimally processed pineapple slices. Two types of indenters and three firmness indexes were investigated aiming to identify the best index. Results showed that calcium sulphate 3% kept average firmness index up to 44.45% higher than the index value of the control. Even though both indenters exhibited similar variability the cylindrical one was able to point out more differences between control and treatments than the cylindrical borer indenter.
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Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Brazil and are among the crops that have one of the highest post-harvest losses indexes in the country. The present work aimed at evaluating impact damage observed in packing lines of fresh tomatoes as well as to determine, under laboratory conditions, quality alterations of tomato fruits submitted to impact damage in different surface types. Critical points evaluation was accomplished using an instrumented sphere. Critical transference points found showed variations in acceleration levels from 30 to 129 G (m s-2). Tests carried out under laboratory conditions showed that padded surfaces reduced up to 31% impact damage. Incidence of severe internal physical damage was evaluated by a subjective scale and increased by 79% on hard surfaces for the highest fall drop. On the other hand, it was observed an effective reduction in physical damage on fruits when padded surfaces were used. When a 10-cm drop was performed, the maximum reduction measured was 10% for hard surfaces and 5% for previously padded surfaces. For quality parameters, it was observed for high drops on hard surfaces, highest values for weight loss, total acidity, lower values for vitamin C and Soluble Solids.
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One of the main objectives of applying edible coatings on fruits surface is to create a protective film to reduce weight loss due to evaporation and transpiration and also to decrease the risk of fruit rot caused by environmental contamination, in order to improve the visual aspect. Therefore, it is possible to increase shelf life, and decrease post harvest losses. Persimmon is a much appreciated fruit, with high potential for export, but sensitive to handling and storage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying the edible coating Megh Wax ECF-124 (18% of active composts, consisting of emulsion of carnauba wax, anionic surfactant, preservative and water) produced by Megh Industry and Commerce Ltda in three different concentrations (25, 50 and 100%) on post harvest quality of 'Fuyu' persimmon stored for 14 days. The attributes evaluated for quality were: firmness, pH, acidity, soluble solids, weight loss and color. The results showed that application of carnauba wax in different concentrations was effective on decreasing weight loss of persimmon cv. Fuyu and maintenance of color aspects. Treatment at lower concentration, 25%, showed lower rate of discharge, but high concentrations showed lower values of mass loss. Carnauba wax application showed a high potential for use on postharvest conservation, and can be applied together with other technologies, helping to maintain quality for export.
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The aim of this research was to optimize osmotic dehydration of pineapple, according to two criteria: maximize water loss and minimize solid gain. The process was made as an application to Combined Methods Technology, in which three preservation factors were combined: water activity, pH and chemical preservatives, all being applied at low levels, in order to get a product resembling non-processed fruit. The experiment was divided into three treatments, being: non-coated pineapple pieces (A), pieces coated with alginate (B) and coated with low-methoxyl pectin (C). Process involved the following main steps: enzymatic inactivation of fruit pieces; in treatments B and C, incorporation of their respective coatings; and osmotic dehydration, in sucrose syrup containing potassium sorbate and citric acid. Optimum conditions, determined from Response Surface Methodology, were the following: dehydration of fruit pieces coated by alginate, at 42-47° C, in sucrose syrup at 66-69° Brix, for 220 to 270 minutes. Results indicated that both coatings significantly affected the mass transfers of the process, reducing solid incorporation and increasing water loss; therefore, increasing weight loss and performance ratio (water loss: solid incorporation) took place. Water activity was not significantly affected by the coatings. The product obtained under optimum conditions was submitted to sensorial evaluation, and presented a good general acceptance. Moulds and yeasts countings indicated good microbiological stability of the product for at least 60 days at 30ºC.
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Gender-related differences in gastric emptying are still controversial. The aims of this study were: to confirm the sex-related difference in gastric emptying of a solid meal and to investigate its association with different patterns of meal distribution between the proximal and distal gastric compartments. Eighteen healthy volunteers (nine males, mean age 35 ± 9 years; nine females, mean age: 41 ± 11 years) were studied in the morning, after ingestion of the solid test-meal (an omelette labeled with 185MBq of 99mTc-sulfur colloid). Simultaneous anterior and posterior images of the stomach were acquired immediately after ingestion of the meal and every 10 minutes for 120 minutes. Time versus activity curves were obtained for the whole, proximal and distal stomach. Gastric T½ was longer in women (96.1 ± 17.2 min) than in men (79.9 ± 17.8 min; P = 0.02). The analysis of the meal distribution inside the stomach showed no differences between males and females in proximal gastric emptying, but the meal retention in the distal compartment was significantly increased among women (P = 0.04). In conclusion, gastric emptying of a solid meal is slower in pre-menopausal women than in age-matched men, probably due to an increased retention of the meal in the distal compartment. This should be taken into consideration to avoid misleading diagnosis of gastroparesis for female patients.
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física