Resultados do ensaio nacional de cultivares do algodoeiro herbáceo nas condições do Cerrado - safra 2013/2014.

Após a Helicoverpa armigera ser identificada no Brasil, os produtores passaram a ter que conviver com uma nova e importante praga da cotonicultura. Para conviver com essa praga e outros lepidópteros e facilitar o manejo de plantas daninhas, os programas de melhoramento genético que atuam no Brasil disponibilizaram ao mercado novas cultivares transgênicas resistentes a lepidópteros e a herbicidas. Contudo, para que a transgenia visando ao controle de lepidópteros seja sustentável em longo prazo, é imprescindível o uso de áreas de refúgio, que nada mais são do que áreas comerciais cultivadas sem a presença do evento para resistência a pragas. Por isso, foram disponibilizadas ao mercado cultivares convencionais e transgênicas com resistência a herbicidas, visando atender à demanda dessas áreas.Essa grande quantidade de novas cultivares disponíveis no mercado tem ocasionado dificuldades para os produtores e consultores em fazerem suas escolhas. Uma vez que, além da resistência às pragas e a herbicidas, é necessário que essas cultivares tenham bom desempenho agronômico, aliado à qualidade de fibras exigida pela indústria têxtil. Nesse sentido, esta publicação pode auxiliar o produtor de algodão brasileiro a fazer a escolha da cultivar mais adequada à sua região e ao manejo adotado na propriedade.

GERENCIAMENTO adequado para o bom desempenho da propriedade leiteira: programa 20: Centro-Oeste/Sudeste.

Uma propriedade leiteira é trabalho para todos os dias. Para isso é necessário avaliar o andamento das atividades, os dados, as informações registradas na propriedade e pensar nos ajustes em função do que se deseja alcançar. São aspectos de gerenciamento que o produtor deve ficar atento para melhor desenvolvimento de sua atividade. O zootecnista e pesquisador da Embrapa Gado de Leite, Sérgio Rustichelli Teixeira traz mais informações sobre o gerenciamento adequado para o bom desempenho da propriedade leiteira.

GERENCIAMENTO adequado para o bom desempenho da propriedade leiteira: programa 20: Nordeste/Vale do Jequitinhonha.

Uma propriedade leiteira é trabalho para todos os dias. Para isso é necessário avaliar o andamento das atividades, os dados, as informações registradas na propriedade e pensar nos ajustes em função do que se deseja alcançar. São aspectos de gerenciamento que o produtor deve ficar atento para melhor desenvolvimento de sua atividade. O zootecnista e pesquisador da Embrapa Gado de Leite, Sérgio Rustichelli Teixeira traz mais informações sobre o gerenciamento adequado para o bom desempenho da propriedade leiteira.

GERENCIAMENTO adequado para o bom desempenho da propriedade leiteira: programa 20: Norte.

Uma propriedade leiteira é trabalho para todos os dias. Para isso é necessário avaliar o andamento das atividades, os dados, as informações registradas na propriedade e pensar nos ajustes em função do que se deseja alcançar. São aspectos de gerenciamento que o produtor deve ficar atento para melhor desenvolvimento de sua atividade. O zootecnista e pesquisador da Embrapa Gado de Leite, Sérgio Rustichelli Teixeira traz mais informações sobre o gerenciamento adequado para o bom desempenho da propriedade leiteira.

GERENCIAMENTO adequado para o bom desempenho da propriedade leiteira: programa 20: Sul.

Uma propriedade leiteira é trabalho para todos os dias. Para isso é necessário avaliar o andamento das atividades, os dados, as informações registradas na propriedade e pensar nos ajustes em função do que se deseja alcançar. São aspectos de gerenciamento que o produtor deve ficar atento para melhor desenvolvimento de sua atividade. O zootecnista e pesquisador da Embrapa Gado de Leite, Sérgio Rustichelli Teixeira traz mais informações sobre o gerenciamento adequado para o bom desempenho da propriedade leiteira.

Seleção de fungos endofíticos isolados do guaranazeiro com potencial para o controle biológico de Fusarium decemcellulare.

O guaranazeiro (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis) é cultivado na maioria dos estados da região Norte, destacando-se o Amazonas, e nos estados de Mato Grosso e da Bahia, o principal produtor. No Amazonas, entre as doenças que afetam o guaranazeiro, o superbrotamento (Fusarium decemcellulare) é uma das mais importantes. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar fungos endofíticos do guaranazeiro com potencial para controlar o F. decemcellulare.

DESRAMA: como manejar o plantio florestal em sistema silvipastoril: programa 21: Nordeste/Vale do Jequitinhonha.

A desrama - que significa a poda dos galhos das árvores - ajuda a garantir a qualidade e a produtividade nos plantios florestais. Isso, porque essa prática evita a formação de nós na madeira, o que aumenta a qualidade do produto e o seu valor de mercado. A desrama também auxilia o manejo do sombreamento da pastagem. O pesquisador Vanderley Porfírio-da-Silva e o agrônomo Emiliano Santarosa, da Embrapa Florestas, levam ao conhecimento do produtor essa técnica importante.

DESRAMA: como manejar o plantio florestal em sistema silvipastoril: programa 21: Norte.

A desrama - que significa a poda dos galhos das árvores - ajuda a garantir a qualidade e a produtividade nos plantios florestais. Isso, porque essa prática evita a formação de nós na madeira, o que aumenta a qualidade do produto e o seu valor de mercado. A desrama também auxilia o manejo do sombreamento da pastagem. O pesquisador Vanderley Porfírio-da-Silva e o agrônomo Emiliano Santarosa, da Embrapa Florestas, levam ao conhecimento do produtor essa técnica importante.

DESRAMA: como manejar o plantio florestal em sistema silvipastoril: programa 21: Sul.

A desrama - que significa a poda dos galhos das árvores - ajuda a garantir a qualidade e a produtividade nos plantios florestais. Isso, porque essa prática evita a formação de nós na madeira, o que aumenta a qualidade do produto e o seu valor de mercado. A desrama também auxilia o manejo do sombreamento da pastagem. O pesquisador Vanderley Porfírio-da-Silva e o agrônomo Emiliano Santarosa, da Embrapa Florestas, levam ao conhecimento do produtor essa técnica importante.

Otimização de vazão de poços injetores em projeto de injeção de água utilizando simulação por linhas de fluxo

Until the early 90s, the simulation of fluid flow in oil reservoir basically used the numerical technique of finite differences. Since then, there was a big development in simulation technology based on streamlines, so that nowadays it is being used in several cases and it can represent the physical mechanisms that influence the fluid flow, such as compressibility, capillarity and gravitational segregation. Streamline-based flow simulation is a tool that can help enough in waterflood project management, because it provides important information not available through traditional simulation of finite differences and shows, in a direct way, the influence between injector well and producer well. This work presents the application of a methodology published in literature for optimizing water injection projects in modeling of a Brazilian Potiguar Basin reservoir that has a large number of wells. This methodology considers changes of injection well rates over time, based on information available through streamline simulation. This methodology reduces injection rates in wells of lower efficiency and increases injection rates in more efficient wells. In the proposed model, the methodology was effective. The optimized alternatives presented higher oil recovery associated with a lower water injection volume. This shows better efficiency and, consequently, reduction in costs. Considering the wide use of the water injection in oil fields, the positive outcome of the modeling is important, because it shows a case study of increasing of oil recovery achieved simply through better distribution of water injection rates

Análise paramétrica da simulação composicional do processo de Drenagem Gravitacional Assistida por Gás (GAGD)

In Brazil and around the world, oil companies are looking for, and expected development of new technologies and processes that can increase the oil recovery factor in mature reservoirs, in a simple and inexpensive way. So, the latest research has developed a new process called Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) which was classified as a gas injection IOR. The process, which is undergoing pilot testing in the field, is being extensively studied through physical scale models and core-floods laboratory, due to high oil recoveries in relation to other gas injection IOR. This process consists of injecting gas at the top of a reservoir through horizontal or vertical injector wells and displacing the oil, taking advantage of natural gravity segregation of fluids, to a horizontal producer well placed at the bottom of the reservoir. To study this process it was modeled a homogeneous reservoir and a model of multi-component fluid with characteristics similar to light oil Brazilian fields through a compositional simulator, to optimize the operational parameters. The model of the process was simulated in GEM (CMG, 2009.10). The operational parameters studied were the gas injection rate, the type of gas injection, the location of the injector and production well. We also studied the presence of water drive in the process. The results showed that the maximum vertical spacing between the two wells, caused the maximum recovery of oil in GAGD. Also, it was found that the largest flow injection, it obtained the largest recovery factors. This parameter controls the speed of the front of the gas injected and determined if the gravitational force dominates or not the process in the recovery of oil. Natural gas had better performance than CO2 and that the presence of aquifer in the reservoir was less influential in the process. In economic analysis found that by injecting natural gas is obtained more economically beneficial than CO2

Análise da trajetória de poços horizontais em reservatório de óleo pesado

The application of thermal methods, to increase the recovery of heavy oil in mature fields through drainage with multilateral and horizontal wells, has been thoroughly studied, theorically, experimentally, testing new tools and methods. The continuous injection of steam, through a steam injector well and a horizontal producer well in order to improve horizontal sweep of the fluid reservoir, it is an efficient method. Starting from an heterogeneous model, geologically characterized, modeling geostatistics, set history and identification of the best path of permeability, with seismic 3D, has been dubbed a studying model. It was studied horizontal wells in various directions in relation to the steam and the channel of higher permeability, in eight different depths. Into in the same area were studied, the sensitivity of the trajectories of horizontal wells, according to the depth of navigation. With the purpose of obtaining the highest output of oil to a particular flow, quality, temperature and time for the injection of steam. The wells studied showed a significant improvement in the cumulative oil recovery in one of the paths by promoting an alternative to application in mature fields or under development fields with heavy oil

Estudo da perda de carga e calor no poço injetor no processo De drenagem gravitacional assistida por vapor (SAGD)

The oil companies in the area in general are looking for new technologies that can increase the recovery factor of oil contained in reservoirs. These investments are mainly aimed at reducing the costs of projects which are high. Steam injection is one of these special methods of recovery in which steam is injected into the reservoir in order to reduce the viscosity of the oil and make it more mobile. The process assisted gravity drainage steam (SAGD) using steam injection in its mechanism, as well as two parallel horizontal wells. In this process steam is injected through the horizontal injection well, then a vapor chamber is formed by heating the oil in the reservoir and, by the action of gravitational forces, this oil is drained down to where the production well. This study aims to analyze the influence of pressure drop and heat along the injection well in the SAGD process. Numerical simulations were performed using the thermal simulator STARS of CMG (Computer Modeling Group). The parameters studied were the thermal conductivity of the formation, the flow of steam injection, the inner diameter of the column, the steam quality and temperature. A factorial design was used to verify the influence of the parameters studied in the recovery factor. We also analyzed different injection flow rates for the model with pressure drop and no pressure drop, as well as different maximum flow rates of oil production. Finally, we performed an economic analysis of the two models in order to check the profitability of the projects studied. The results showed that the pressure drop in injection well have a significant influence on the SAGD process.

Ambiente para avaliação de controladores fuzzy aplicados ao método de elevação artificial por bombeio centrífugo submerso

From their early days, Electrical Submergible Pumping (ESP) units have excelled in lifting much greater liquid rates than most of the other types of artificial lift and developed by good performance in wells with high BSW, in onshore and offshore environments. For all artificial lift system, the lifetime and frequency of interventions are of paramount importance, given the high costs of rigs and equipment, plus the losses coming from a halt in production. In search of a better life of the system comes the need to work with the same efficiency and security within the limits of their equipment, this implies the need for periodic adjustments, monitoring and control. How is increasing the prospect of minimizing direct human actions, these adjustments should be made increasingly via automation. The automated system not only provides a longer life, but also greater control over the production of the well. The controller is the brain of most automation systems, it is inserted the logic and strategies in the work process in order to get you to work efficiently. So great is the importance of controlling for any automation system is expected that, with better understanding of ESP system and the development of research, many controllers will be proposed for this method of artificial lift. Once a controller is proposed, it must be tested and validated before they take it as efficient and functional. The use of a producing well or a test well could favor the completion of testing, but with the serious risk that flaws in the design of the controller were to cause damage to oil well equipment, many of them expensive. Given this reality, the main objective of the present work is to present an environment for evaluation of fuzzy controllers for wells equipped with ESP system, using a computer simulator representing a virtual oil well, a software design fuzzy controllers and a PLC. The use of the proposed environment will enable a reduction in time required for testing and adjustments to the controller and evaluated a rapid diagnosis of their efficiency and effectiveness. The control algorithms are implemented in both high-level language, through the controller design software, such as specific language for programming PLCs, Ladder Diagram language.

Estudo paramétrico do processo de injeção de solventes em poços horizontais para reservatórios de óleos pesados

The world has many types of oil that have a range of values of density and viscosity, these are characteristics to identify whether an oil is light, heavy or even ultraheavy. The occurrence of heavy oil has increased significantly and pointing to a need for greater investment in the exploitation of deposits and therefore new methods to recover that oil. There are economic forecasts that by 2025, the heavy oil will be the main source of fossil energy in the world. One such method is the use of solvent vaporized VAPEX which is known as a recovery method which consists of two horizontal wells parallel to each other, with a gun and another producer, which uses as an injection solvent that is vaporized in order to reduce the viscosity of oil or bitumen, facilitating the flow to the producing well. This method was proposed by Dr. Roger Butler, in 1991. The importance of this study is to analyze how the influence some operational reservoir and parameters are important in the process VAPEX, such as accumulation of oil produced in the recovery factor in flow injection and production rate. Parameters such as flow injection, spacing between wells, type of solvent to be injected, vertical permeability and oil viscosity were addressed in this study. The results showed that the oil viscosity is the parameter that showed statistically significant influence, then the choice of Heptane solvent to be injected showed a greater recovery of oil compared to other solvents chosen, considering the spacing between the wells was shown that for a greater distance between the wells to produce more oil