Previsão da demanda doméstica da aviação comercial européia

This paper work has as objective the study and forecasting of the demand behavior for the European commercial aviation industry. Once economy and demand has a straight relationship, the tool chosen to perform this forecast was the Econometry. In order to get a more efficient forecast, a complete analysis of the environment in which the aviation sector is, to understand all factors with influence over the market as a whole. Only then, the variables which would be tested for the correlation with the demand were picked. The final results of this study has achieved all objectives set and has given a better view over the European Commercial Aviation Market

Caracterização in vitro de técnica biomagnética empregando magnetômetros 3D para avaliar tempo de trânsito esofagiano

The biomagnetic techniques use different magnetic field detectors to measure parameters of the human physiology. Those techniques present the advantage of being noninvasive and radiation free. Among them we can show up the Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), the Current Alternate Biosusceptometry (ACB) and, more recently, the employment of anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors. Those magnetic sensors have a low cost and good sensitivity to measure different physiological parameters using magnetic markers. The biomagnetic techniques have being used successfully through study on the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent research, the magnetoresistors were used to evaluate the transit time and localization of magnetic sources in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this work is the characterization, with in vitro tests, of a biomagnetic instrumentation using two 3-axis magnetoresistors arranged in a gradiometric coplanar setup to evaluate esophageal transit time, analyze and compare the results of experimental signals and the magnetic theory, as well as evaluate the instrumentation gain with use of tri-axial sensor front to the mono-axial sensor. The instrumentation is composed by two three-axis sensing magnetometers, precision power supply and amplifier electronic circuits. The sensors fixed in a coplanar setup were separate by distance of 18 cm. The sensitivity tests had been carried through using a cylindrical magnet (ø = 4 mm and h = 4 mm) of neodymium-iron-boron (grid 35). The tests were done moving the permanent magnet on the sensors parallel axis, simulating the food transit in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Sistema de cálculo para determinação do tempo de exposição em radioterapia veterinária

Radiotherapy in veterinary practice is already known and widely distributed in large specialized centers of developed countries. In early 2000, there were about 30 radiotherapy equipment specifically designed for the veterinary clinic in the United States. In Brazil, the veterinary radiotherapy is still confined to research in universities, where most of the procedures is radiation therapy performed with superficial x-ray machines, with a voltage between 50 and 150 kVp, focus-distance surface (DFS) between 20,0cm and 40,0cm. As that occurs in human medicine, new research strengthens the development and prospects for the use of radiotherapy as a safe option for treating cancer in animals. This paper presents a methodology for calculating the exposure time for superficial radiotherapy procedures in veterinary medicine for small animals (dogs and cats). The dosimetric parameters of X-rays are determined using a spreadsheet tool for Microsoft Office Excel, developed in this paper for a device Dermopan 2, Veterinary Hospital of UNESP in Araçatuba. Using the worksheet helps the veterinarian to determine the time of exposure to radiation determined for each clinical case, optimize the workflow for professionals in veterinary radiotherapy procedures, which often lack the medical physics in team and at the time of radiotherapy. The correct use of spreadsheet decreases the chances of errors in dose rates of radiation, providing a higher quality of care

No resumo de um só dia: tempo e memória em O burrinho pedrês de Gumarães Rosa

Memory, the ability of keeping and remembering past states of consciousness and everything that could be associated with them, is one of the human properties responsible for the construction of experience, knowledge and preservation of individual’s identity. However, recalling is also the way we keep relationships with time, factor that is essential and inherent to our existence and responsible for the fact that we have memory. As for the narrative, as for life, time is a prime category, because it is in time that narrated or experienced events happen. This relationship between time and memory is remarkable in “O burrinho pedrês”, Guimarães Rosa’s short story present in his debut book, Sagarana. In this story, we can notice, generally, the characters use memory as a way to return to the past, evoking, consciously or unconsciously, the experience and its result, the wisdom, to help on the understanding of present situations. So, this research has as objective to analyze how time and memory relate and become indispensable to the development of the narrative and to the construction of the other categories - character, narrator and space. The theoretical foundation is based on studies clustered in three dimensions: a) theoretical essays about Guimarães Rosa’s work in general and the particular short story b) philosophical and/or psychological propositions about memory and time, and c) propositions about the mentioned categories of narrative

Redução do tempo de ciclo baseado na produção enxuta em uma rémontagem de tubos de freios e combustível

In today's competitive environment of automakers, it is essential to obtain the highest efficiency of the production process. This paper presents a study in a pre-assembly of brake pipes and fuel of a vehicle where the value stream maps and information (VSM – Value Stream Mapping) were designed in order to improve the process by reducing the Lead Time Production of a product, reducing waste and decrease time between processes. This work can be divided into three stages, the first building the VSM of the initial state, the second VSM of the proposed state and finally the VSM than was actually performed and to present the gains were achieved effectively. The proposed VSM would lead to a gain of 54% in lead time and 61% in processing time, since the VSM implemented had gains of 47% in lead time and 48% in processing time even without major investments as originally proposed. Concluding that even without big investment, using the techniques of lean manufacturing is possible to achieve high levels of process efficiency

Otimização de altitude de vôo para aeronaves executivas para economia de combustível e tempo

This work approaches, in a simplified manner, the analysis of an aircraft’s trajectory through the 3 main flight phases, climb, cruise and descent, related to fuel consumption and elapsed time. From this analysis is developed a tool that aims optimize the flight planning operational procedure, providing an altitude that comply with fuel saving during the trip, or minimizes the trip time. The use of any altitude is an operator’s decision, that aims comply with their operational needs of each trip, getting the results provided by the tool as a primary approach to the flight profile that also bring up economics aspects of each possibility of decision to be taken. Since the aeronautical Market has singular problems, as the flight altitude optimization, there is the need to solutions very customized that many times can not attend every restriction for each operator and its related kind of operation. When we talk about executive aircrafts, is possible to note that its operators does not have enough engineering and logistic support, when compared to huge airlines companies, to analyze all exceptions of each singular operation, creating many times wastes that can be avoiding with a tool described herein in this work

O tempo livre na modernidade

Esse trabalho vem a fim de que, a partir do movimento de perda do tempo livre, possamos refletir sobre este na sociedade em que vivemos atualmente. Sociedade essa que disciplinou os corpos através de um grande conjunto de tecnologias, transformando-os em consumidores para agirem como mola propulsora para o capitalismo. Em decorrência da visão consumista, que afeta a sociedade desde a infância, esse trabalho vem como ferramenta para que possamos pensar a prática capitalista transformadora, até mesmo do direito ao lazer, em mercadoria. Não se pretende, com esse trabalho, estabelecer verdades únicas, e sim o começo de uma reflexão sobre a “sociedade de controle” em que estamos inseridos, muitas vezes quase sem perceber.

Previsão do comportamento de estruturas de contenção atirantadas utilizando o software FTOOL

Population growth, together with the gradual social ascent in Brazil, reflects at the growing need for better use of urban spaces. In this context, the amount of new buildings to meet the demand in property market, the needs for creating new roads and highways, among others, make the use of geotechnical works and, more specifically, retaining walls, more and more common. One of the simplest solutions for underground works is the use of retaining structures using tie back walls for soil support, therefore, the present work deals with this kind of structures. This paper proposes the use of FTOOL software testing in predicting deformations in tie back walls, by comparing simulations of the presented model to a real and measured deformation case in Guabirotuba Formation (PR). The results showed the importance of defining the parameters such as stiffness and curtain geometry, as well as the definition of representative loads acting on it. Also, it was pointed out that the passive response of the steel rods depends on the horizontal displacement of the wall. The study concluded that the program generates very representative results when compared to field data and seems to be a promising tool for tie back structures displacement predictions

Redução do tempo de setup de máquinas de usinagem em uma industria automobilística

Continuous improvement of industrial processes is one way to become companies more competitive in the market. For this, a fairly widespread use is the methodology of lean production systems, by eliminating waste. One of the tools of these systems is the method of rapid exchange of die or also called SMED, which will be applied in this study. The study aims to develop proposals for reducing the time of set up of two machines in two machining lines, watching also the ergonomics and safety conditions in this operations. The set up time reduction is justified among others, due to increase the machine productivity. In applying the connecting rod machining line, there were two types of exchange. Reductions in time to set up proposals reached values of 47% to one of them, and 55% to the other. It is important to underline that to reach this result, there was no need for large investments. In the application in block machining line, was developed an improvement in the ergonomic area. It was placed a pulley block that came to increase the time of tool change. Aiming to improve the security of the exchange, without productivity loss, the method was applied to reduce this time. It was developed two proposals.: the first would reduce that time by 19%, and does not require many resources of the company. The second involves the parallelization of the exchange, so that the reduction is 48%. However, this proposal requires one more manpower at the time of exchange and it is not always possible

Estudo da deposição de energia das radiofrequências através do método das diferenças finitas dependentes do tempo Monografia

Radiotherapy in veterinary practice is already known and widely distributed in large specialized centers of developed countries. In early 2000, there were about 30 radiotherapy equipment specifically designed for the veterinary clinic in the United States. In Brazil, the veterinary radiotherapy is still confined to research in universities, where most of the procedures is radiation therapy performed with superficial x-ray machines, with a voltage between 50 and 150 kVp, focus-distance surface (DFS) between 20,0cm and 40,0cm. As that occurs in human medicine, new research strengthens the development and prospects for the use of radiotherapy as a safe option for treating cancer in animals. This paper presents a methodology for calculating the exposure time for superficial radiotherapy procedures in veterinary medicine for small animals (dogs and cats). The dosimetric parameters of X-rays are determined using a spreadsheet tool for Microsoft Office Excel, developed in this paper for a device Dermopan 2, Veterinary Hospital of UNESP in Araçatuba. Using the worksheet helps the veterinarian to determine the time of exposure to radiation determined for each clinical case, optimize the workflow for professionals in veterinary radiotherapy procedures, which often lack the medical physics in team and at the time of radiotherapy. The correct use of spreadsheet decreases the chances of errors in dose rates of radiation, providing a higher quality of care

Clonagem de sequências codificantes de citocinas felinas para construção de curva padrão para PCR em tempo real

A quantificação de citocinas felinas possibilita uma avaliação do sistema imune do animal em diferentes doenças, permite também a identificação de diferentes fatores que alteram sua secreção, e colabora na compreensão da patogênese das enfermidades. Em humanos e camundongos essa mensuração é feita principalmente pelo método de ELISA, mas para os felinos há uma menor disponibilidade de kits específicos para determinadas citocinas, e estes possuem um custo elevado. Assim, uma alternativa é utilizar a reação de PCR em tempo real com transcrição reversa (RT-qPCR) para quantificação absoluta dos RNAs mensageiros das citocinas felinas, uma técnica bastante sensível e específica para analisar a expressão desses genes. Com esse intuito, esse trabalho teve como objetivo clonar as sequências gênicas codificantes de citocinas, para construir uma curva padrão para a qPCR. Assim, foi feita extração de RNA de amostras de sangue total de gatos domésticos, e estes foram tratados com DNAse para evitar contaminação por DNA genômico. O cDNA foi sintetizado, e amplificado com os primers específicos para cada fragmento codificante de citocina e o GAPDH felino. Cada amplicon purificado foi inserido em um plasmídeo comercial, e introduzido em bactérias E. coli cepa DH5. Os clones recombinantes foram sequenciados para confirmar a inserção do fragmento no vetor. As curvas padrão da qPCR foram construídas com cada plasmídeo recombinante numa de 106 a 101 cópias por reação. O sequenciamento mostrou que todos os clones eram semelhantes àqueles encontrados no GenBank. A eficiência das amplificações, baseado no slope das curvas padrão foram: 101,3% para GAPDH, 99,1% para IL-1, 83,2% para IL-6, 94,4% para IL-10, 105,5% para IL-12, 83,4% para IFN- e 83,8% para TNF-. O valor de r2 foi de 0,99 em todas as reações. Dessa forma, com a clonagem dos fragmentos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Redução de tempo de setup de uma máquina de encartuchamento pela técnica SMED

Currently the market requires companies to adapt for they can have the lowest possible cost in their manufacturing, be it a good or service, thus obtaining a greater profit. For this profit the Toyota Production System applies lean manufacturing practices actions with reduced spending, smaller lots and stocks, generated by market demand. The technique allows SMED with few actions, changes and investments that time does not exceed one digit on your total time. This case study shows that only with standardization and use of inexpensive improvements, could reduce setup time on a machine for 70 minutes to time of approximately 48 minutes with little investment, demonstrating the viability of the tool presented

Padronização da técnica de PCR em tempo-real na avaliação da pluripotência de células-tronco mesequimais caninas

Este relatório final tem como objetivo apresentar as atividades desenvolvidas no período de janeiro/2009 a março/2010, pela aluna Thaila Isabel Wodewotzky, relativas ao projeto de conclusão de curso intitulado “Padronização da Técnica de PCR em tempo-real na Avaliação da Pluripotência de Células-tronco Mesenquimais Caninas”, para fins de obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas. O referido projeto objetiva avaliar a quantificação e relevância dos níveis de expressão gênica do fator de transcrição Oct4 em CTM´s, por meio da padronização da técnica de PCR em tempo-real. Para tanto, o RNA total das CTM´s obtidas, isoladas e cultivadas a partir da medula óssea de cães foi extraído a partir da medula óssea de cães a fim de avaliar a quantificação e relevância dos níveis de expressão gênica do Oct4 por meio da utilização da técnica de PCR em tempo-real com transcrição reversa (RT-qPCR). O RNA total foi extraído e submetido à reação de transcriptase reversa, para a obtenção do cDNA. Posteriormente esse cDNA foi utilizado na padronização da técnica de qPCR utilizando primers desenhados a partir de sequências obtidas no genebank. . Como normalizador utilizou-se o RNA codificante de GAPDH.Verificou-se desempenho satisfatório dos primers para Otc4 na avaliação de CTM´s de cães. Também o RNAm do GAPDH foi adequado como normalizador. Dessa forma, esse sistema pode ser utilizado na realização de testes quantitativos utilizando amostras de células-tronco embrionárias caninas

O mal-estar docente e os limites da experiência no tempo presente: uma leitura frankfurtiana

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Um tempo para a literatura ou a vida entre o labirinto e a bússola

Since the priors, man has been trying to understand the concept of time. From myth to quantum physics, time is something that inspires reflections on our own lives. Do we exist in time or for time? Literature, a peculiar form of knowledge, deals with the experience of time in many ways. By avoiding categorizations, literature converges time and space in a dimension in which labyrinth and compass converge: at the reading time, in the reader’s space, in the universe of the book, where Cronos, Kairos, and their heir, by excellence, the literary word, constellate. In this way, in this essay, I discuss some aspects of the relationship between literature and time, or still, what literature can teach us about the time.