Fósforo na produtividade e qualidade de sementes de feijão Carioca Precoce cultivado no período das águas

Common bean is an important crop in Brazilian agriculture and phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the most yield limiting factors for this crop, thus plant P-deficiency can hamper the seed physiological quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and quality of common bean seeds cv. Carioca Precoce cultivated during the rainy season in response to phosphate fertilizer. Six levels of P (0; 30; 60; 90; 120 and 150 kg of P2O5 had), with five replications, were applied in the groove of sowing as triple superphosphate. The seeds yield, at the experimental plot, was determined by the dry weight. Seed quality was evaluated through the following determinations: 100-seed mass, seed moisture content, germination, first counting, moisture content after accelerated aging, germination after accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, seedling emergence in the field and seedlings dry weight. The productivity of beans seeds 'Carioca Precoce' cultivated during the rainy season increased linearly as related to phosphorus rates. The 100-seed mass and the physiological quality of seeds have not changed by increasing of P levels.

Efeito do período de exposição a concentrações de diquat no controle de plantas de Egeria densa, Egeria najas e Ceratophyllum demersum

O período de permanência do herbicida na água pode ser influenciado pelo fluxo da água nos reservatórios e pela adsorção a partículas de argilas em suspensão, bem como pela degradação luminosa e por microrganismos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar diferentes períodos de exposição a concentrações do herbicida diquat no controle de Egeria densa, Egeria najas e Ceratophyllum demersum. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 6 x 5, mais uma testemunha. Foram testados seis períodos de exposição das plantas (30, 60, 120, 240, 480 e 960 minutos) a cinco concentrações do herbicida diquat (0,075; 0,15; 0,3; 0,6; e 1,2 ppm produto comercial Reward 240 g L ¹). As avaliações de controle das plantas daninhas imersas foram visuais e, no final do experimento, foi avaliada a massa seca das plantas, para determinar a porcentagem de redução da biomassa. Observou-se que apenas 30 minutos de exposição das espécies imersas E. densa e C. demersum à concentração de 0,075 ppm foi suficiente para proporcionar redução da massa seca em ambas as espécies. Para controle de E. najas aos 7 DAA houve necessidade de um período maior que 120 minutos de exposição, considerando a mesma concentração do herbicida. Esses resultados evidenciam o potencial de uso do diquat no controle de plantas daninhas aquáticas imersas em locais que apresentam rápida renovação de água.

Concentração da solução de tetrazólio e período de coloração do teste para sementes de mamoneira

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a concentração da solução de tetrazólio e o período de coloração do teste para a avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.), padronizando a nomenclatura das cores observadas nas sementes após a coloração. Os tratamentos de concentração da solução de tetrazólio e períodos de coloração estudados foram: 0,075% e 0,1% por 120, 180 e 240 minutos, 0,2% por 60, 120 e 180 minutos, 0,5% por 60, 90 e 120 minutos e 1,0% por 30, 60 e 90 minutos. Os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos nos testes de germinação. A coloração das sementes após o teste de tetrazólio, em cada tratamento, foi avaliada mediante comparação com as fichas de cor do catálogo de Munsell, determinando-se a porcentagem de sementes observada em cada cor. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado e a comparação de médias realizada pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Para avaliar o potencial fisiológico pelo teste de tetrazólio, as sementes de mamoneira devem ser imersas na solução de tetrazólio na concentração de 0,2% por 120 minutos, a 35ºC. Nesse tratamento, as sementes viáveis após a coloração na solução de tetrazólio apresentaram predominantemente as cores rosa e rosa-escuro em suas estruturas essenciais, portanto essas podem ser consideradas como as cores características para o teste de tetrazólio em sementes de mamoneira.

Teste de condutividade elétrica em função do período e da temperatura de embebição para sementes de milheto

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Período de mínima atividade solar: melhora no desempenho do posicionamento relativo

In the relative positioning, even considering that part of the errors due to ionosphere is canceled with the double-difference observations, strong ionospheric effects can occur in maximum solar activity period. However, in minimum solar activity period, the ionospheric effects decrease significantly and therefore an improvement of the relative positioning performance takes place. In this paper we aim at showing that improvement for the scientific and GPS community users. So, have been experiments by using GPS data of two stations of the Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of GPS, forming a baseline of 430 km. The processing were use accomplished with interval of two hours, and only L1 carrier data have been used. The analysis of the obtained results has been carried out from the discrepancies between the "true" coordinates and corresponding ones obtained in the processing. In maximum solar activity period the discrepancy value reached 25 m. on the other hand, in minimum solar activity period, the discrepancy value reached 5,5 m. It is important to emphasize that the majority of the discrepancy values didn't exceed 0,50 m, and in some cases only reached 0,10 m. This shows the increase of application possibilities of the relative positioning using single-frequency GPS receivers in minimum solar activity period.

Desempenho do modelo global da ionosfera do IGS: avaliação no posicionamento por ponto na região sul do Brasil em período de alta atividade solar

One of the main drawbacks of the GPS accuracy for L1 users is the error due to ionosphere. This error depends on the total electron content presents in the ionosphere, as well as of the carrier frequency. Some models have been developed to correct GPS observables of the systematic error due to the ionosphere. The model more known and used is the Klobuchar model, which corrected 50-60% of the ionospheric error approximately. Alternatively, IGS (International GNSS Service) also has developed a model called Global Ionospheric Map (GIM). These maps, in format IONEX, are available in the site of the IGS, and one of the applications of them is to correct the GPS observables of the error due to ionosphere. This work aims at evaluating the quality of GPS point positioning using the IGS ionospheric model in the southerm region of Brazil. Tests carried out had shown an average improvement in the horizontal and vertical determination of 44% and 77%, respectively, when GIM is used in the point positioning.

Caracterização espectroscópica de peixe do período cretáceo (Bacia do Araripe)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Período de infectividade de animais inoculados experimentalmente com Yersinia sp

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Soropositividade para doença de Chagas entre doadores de sangue em Araraquara, Estado de São Paulo, no período de 2004 a 2008

INTRODUÇÃO: A transfusão sanguínea é uma fonte potencial importante para transmissão da doença de Chagas. MÉTODOS: Foi verificado, nos arquivos do Hemonúcleo Regional de Araraquara, o resultado dos exames para doença de Chagas entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2008. RESULTADOS: Foram diagnosticadas com sorologia positiva 0,04% das 49541 doações de sangue realizadas. A idade dos soropositivos situou-se entre 51 e 60 anos. CONCLUSÕES: O baixo índice de doadores soropositivos pode reduzir o risco de transmissão via transfusional da doença de Chagas. A alta ocorrência de resultados inconclusivos indicam que os métodos diagnósticos devem ser melhorados.

Determinacão do período orbital de sistemas binários clipsantes

In this work is presented a new method for the determination of the orbital period (Porb) of eclipsing binary systems based on the wavelet technique. This method is applied on 18 eclipsing binary systems detected by the CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary transits) satellite. The periods obtained by wavelet were compared with those obtained by the conventional methods: box Fitting (EEBLS) for detached and semi-detached eclipsing binaries; and polynomial methods (ANOVA) for contact binary systems. Comparing the phase diagrams obtained by the different techniques the wavelet method determine better Porb compared with EEBLS. In the case of contact binary systems the wavelet method shows most of the times better results than the ANOVA method but when the number of data per orbital cicle is small ANOVA gives more accurate results. Thus, the wavelet technique seems to be a great tool for the analysis of data with the quality and precision given by CoRoT and the incoming photometric missions.

Um estudo sobre a interação estrela-planeta a partir da relação massa-período planetário com a atividade estelar

n this work, we analyze the behavior of the chromospheric and coronal activities as a function of the mass and the orbital period of extrasolar planets which were detected by transit technique. So we look for possible effects of the planet on the star s chromosphere and corona. For this study we selected a sample of 48 stars with chromospheric activity indicator and 23 with coronal activity indicator. Our work is based on the work from Pont et al. (2011) in order to study stars with planets which were obtained by transit technique. Furthermore, we studied the relationship between planetary mass and orbital period with the chromospheric and coronal activity in order to better understand which influences the planets cause in the outer layers of stellar atmosphere. In our analysis we can observe that the mass of the planets exerts no influence in the stellar activity. However, we observed that the stellar coronal and chromospheric activities decrease with the increase of the orbital period of the planet

Um estudo sobre a interação estrela-planeta a partirda relação massa-período planetário com a atividade estelar

In this work, we analyze the behavior of the chromospheric and coronal activities as a function of the mass and the orbital period of extrasolar planets which were detected by transit technique. So we look for possible effects of the planet on the star s chromosphere and corona. For this study we selected a sample of 48 stars with chromospheric activity indicator and 23 with coronal activity indicator. Our work is based on the work from Pont et al. (2011) in order to study stars with planets which were obtained by transit technique. Furthermore, we studied the relationship between planetary mass and orbital period with the chromospheric and coronal activity in order to better understand which influences the planets cause in the outer layers of stellar atmosphere. In our analysis we can observe that the mass of the planets exerts no influence in the stellar activity. However, we observed that the stellar coronal and chromospheric activities decrease with the increase of the orbital period of the planet

Em busca de um novo indicador Espectroscópico do período de rotação das Estrelas do tipo solar

The study of sunspots consistently contributed to a better understanding of magnetic phenomena of the Sun, as its activity. It was found with the dynamics of sunspots that the Sun has a rotation period of twenty-seven days around your axis. With the help of Project Sun-As-A-Star that solar spectra obtained for more than thirty years we observed oscillations of both the depth of the spectral line and its equivalent width, and analysis of the return information about the characteristics of solar magnetism. It also aims to find patterns of solar magnetic activity cycle and the average period of rotation of the Sun will indicate the spectral lines that are sensitive to magnetic activity and which are not. Sensitive lines how Ti II 5381.0 Å stands as the best indicator of the solar rotation period and also shows different periods of rotation cycles of minimum and maximum magnetic activity. It is the first time we observe clearly distinct rotation periods in the different cycles. The analysis also shows that Ca II 8542.1 Å and HI 6562.0 Å indicate the cycle of magnetic activity of eleven years. Some spectral lines no indicated connection with solar activity, this result can help us search for programs planets using spectroscopic models. Data analysis was performed using the Lomb-Scargle method that makes the time series analysis for unequally spaced data. Observe different rotation periods in the cycles of magnetic activity accounts for a discussion has been debated for many decades. We verified that spectroscopy can also specify the period of stellar rotation, thus being able to generalize the method to other stars

Distribuição diária das atividades comportamentais dos camarões marinhos Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Pérez Farfante, 1967) e Litopenaeus schmitti (Burkenroad, 1938) em condições laboratoriais

Marine aquaculture has developed in the last decades all over the world, especially related to shrimp management. In Brazil, the introduction of the species Litopenaeus vannamei has contributed to the success of the activity, even if there are problems associated with the management of a exotic species, such as new diseases and ecological pressure on native species. It has been emphasized the need of research for developing new methodology that will allow native species management, being the most important Farfantepenaeus subtilis and Litopenaeus schmitti. Most knowledge obtained from research with those species has generally used a technical approach and mainly focused feeding process. There are no specific behavioral data on their activity pattern which should be of great importance for the use of native species on commercial culture farms. So, it was our objective to study and compare the daily distribution of behavioral activities of the marine shrimp species Litopenaeus schmitti and Farfantepenaeus subtilis. Forty animals of each species, 5 individuals per aquarium, were maintained in aquaria containing 200L of sea water under continuous aeration and filtration. They were marked individually and were observed by the instantaneous focal time sampling, along 10 continuous days, in 6 daily 15 min observation windows, every two hour. In each window, behaviors and location position of the animals in the aquarium were registered at 1 min intervals. Food was offered 3 times a day, representing 10% of each aquarium biomass. Aquaria were maintained in artificial photoperiod, 12hour light/l2 hour dark, 4 aquaria in light cycle equivalent to the environmental one (light from 06:00 to 17:59 h and dark from 18:00 to 05:59 h) and the other 4 in the reverse light cycle (light from 18:00 to 05:59 h and dark from 06:00 to 17:59 h) to allow sequential behavioral observation in both phases of the 24 hour cycle. There was a clear distinction between the distribution of behavioral activities of F. subtilis and L. schmitti in the two phases. The activity pattern of Farfantepenaeus subtilis demonstrates that species has prominently night habits and a burying pattern during the light cycle. Exploration, inactivity and swimming were the most common activities. The behavioral pattern of Litopenaeus schmitti indicates that species is active along both phases of the light cycle, and the most evident behaviors were exploration, inactivity and swimming

Efeito da Proteína Bruta e de Diferentes Balanços Eletrolíticos das Dietas Sobre o Desempenho de Frangos no Período Inicial

Foram realizados dois experimentos utilizando-se 520 pintos machos de um dia para avaliar o efeito da proteína bruta (PB) e do balanço eletrolítico (Na + K- Cl) sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte no período inicial. O Experimento I (1 a 7 dias de idade das aves) foi realizado em baterias, utilizando-se 160 pintos machos Cobb, no Experimento II (1 a 21 dias) foram utilizados 360 pintos machos Aviam Farms que foram alojados em um galpão experimental dividido em box. Nos dois experimentos as aves foram aquecidas com lâmpadas infravermelhas e receberam água e ração à vontade. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (PB x balanço eletrolítico - BE), com 5 repetições e 8 aves por unidade experimental no Experimento I e fatorial 2 x 3 (PB x BE), com 3 repetições e 20 aves por unidade experimental no Experimento II. Os níveis de K foram mantidos constantes, oscilando-se o Na e o Cl para obter os balanços eletrolíticos desejados. Os parâmetro de desempenho (consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar) foram analisados no final de cada fase experimental. em ambos os experimentos não houve interação entre PB e BE. Os níveis de 21,0 e 23,5% de PB não afetaram o desempenho das aves. em dietas pré-iniciais e iniciais o melhor desempenho foi atingido com 260 mEq/kg.