Un projet de recherche : identifier les compétences développées par les policiers exposés à la violence et aux incivilités

Les problèmes de santé mentale (détresse psychique, dépression, burn-out, etc.) sont une préoccupation grandissante dans les sociétés occidentales. Ils se caractérisent par de gros risques de rechutes et de chronicisation (Lopez, Mathers, Ezzati, Jamison, Murray, 2006; The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium, 2004), ainsi que par des conséquences dramatiques pour les personnes qui en sont les victimes. Pour les organisations - et la police n'échappe pas à ce phénomène - ces problèmes constituent un défi majeur puisqu'ils sont associés à des épisodes d'absences prolongées et à une diminution importante de l'efficacité au travail. [Auteur]

L'antipsychiatrie revisitée par l'oeuvre de Michel de Certeau

Alors que l'oeuvre de M. de Certeau rencontre une audience de plus en plus grande, il n'a jusqu'alors jamais été question d'un apport de sa réflexion à la pratique psychiatrique institutionnelle. La récurrence des questions ouvertes à la fin des années 1960 par l'antipsychiatrie pourrait trouver dans sa pensée un nouvel élan, non plus dans une dénonciation de l'ordre social mais dans une attention toujours plus fine aux pratiques inventives et originales des patients et des soignants. Confrontant la réflexion certalienne à celle d'autres penseurs majeurs de son époque (Foucault, Derrida), il sera question d'une lecture renouvelée des représentations qui sous-tendent la psychiatrie institutionnelle contemporaine.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by hydroxamic zinc-binding idrapril in humans.

The new angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor idrapril acts by binding the catalytically important zinc ion to a hydroxamic group. We investigated its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties in 8 healthy men: Increasing doses of 1, 5, and 25 mg idrapril as well as placebo or 5 mg captopril were administered intravenously (i.v.) at 1-week intervals. Six of the subjects received 100 mg idrapril orally (p.o.) last, and two ingested oral placebo as a double-blind control. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) remained unchanged. No serious side effects were observed. ACE inhibition in vivo was evaluated by changes in the ratio of specifically measured plasma angiotensin II (AngII) and AngI concentrations determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/radioimmunoassay (HPLC/RIA) techniques. Plasma ACE activity in vitro was estimated by radioenzymatic assay; it was suppressed by > or = 93% at 15 min after injection of 25 mg idrapril or 5 mg captopril and by 96% 2 h after idrapril intake. Mean AngII levels were decreased dose dependently at 15 min after idrapril injections. At the same time, plasma renin activity (PRA) and AngI increased according to the doses. The AngII/AngI ratio was clearly related to plasma idrapril levels (r = -0.88, n = 60). Oral idrapril inhibited ACE maximally at 1-4 h after dosing, when < 7% of initial ACE activity was observed in vitro and in vivo. Idrapril is a safe and efficient ACE inhibitor in human subjects. It is well absorbed orally. Besides having a slightly slower onset of action, idrapril has pharmacodynamic effects comparable to those of captopril.

Problèmes posés par Formica paralugubris, nouvelle espèce de fourmis des bois

Les nombreux travaux liés à la découverte d'une super-colonie de fourmis des bois dans le Jura suisse à partir des années 70 ont abouti à la description d'une nouvelle espèce : Formica paralugubris Seifert. Cette dernière est une espèce jumelle sympatrique de Formica lugubris en Suisse. Les auteurs résument les connaissances actuelles, notamment les aspects relatifs à la distribution et aux stratégies de reproduction de ces deux espèces jusqu'alors confondues en Europe.

Ligand binding transmits conformational changes across the membrane-spanning region to the intracellular side of the 5-HT3 serotonin receptor.

Conformational changes of channel activation: Five enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) molecules (green cylinders) were integrated into the intracellular part of the homopentameric ionotropic 5-HT3 receptor. This allowed the detection of extracellular binding of fluorescent ligands (?) to EGFP by FRET, and also enabled the quantification of agonist-induced conformational changes in the intracellular region of the receptor by homo-FRET between EGFPs. The approach opens novel ways for probing receptor activation and functional screening of therapeutic compounds.

La typhlite chez l'enfant par ailleurs sain existe toujours : la laparoscopie nous la montre : Suivi de "Petite histoire de la typhlite et de l'appendicite"

La typhlite est une entitée utilisée pour décrire une entérocolite iléo-caecale survenant chez des enfants neutropéniques ou immunosupprimés. Cependant, des enfants par ailleurs sains peuvent également présenter une typhlite. Nous rapportons le cas d'une jeune fille de 13,5 ans, sans autre pathologie, chez qui il a été possible de visualiser une typhlite par laparoscopie.

Chirurgie de l'incontinence urinaire a l'effort féminine par voie transobturatrice: dehors-dedans ou dedans-dehors? Etude anatomique comparative

OBJECTIVE: Transobturator route is now largely used for the positioning of the supporting sub uretral tape in the surgical treatment of female urinary incontinence. This operation can be done using the original technique from the outside to the inside or by inside to outside. Our anatomic study evaluates the specific dangers of each MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our study is based on the dissection of seven fresh bodies, therefore 14 obturator regions. The dissections were done after the positioning of the tape from outside to inside on one side and inside to outside on the other side. We particularly studied the distances separating the tape from the inferior pudendal vascular bundle and the posterior branch of the obturator nerve. RESULTS: With the inside - outside technique there is a greater proximity between the path of the tape and the studied structures, therefore the risk of damage is greater. CONCLUSIONS: The two techniques are not equivalent. There are less vascular and neurological risk using the original outside to inside technique.

Nucleic acid-binding properties of the RRM-containing protein RDM1.

RDM1 (RAD52 Motif 1) is a vertebrate protein involved in the cellular response to the anti-cancer drug cisplatin. In addition to an RNA recognition motif, RDM1 contains a small amino acid motif, named RD motif, which it shares with the recombination and repair protein, RAD52. RDM1 binds to single- and double-stranded DNA, and recognizes DNA distortions induced by cisplatin adducts in vitro. Here, we have performed an in-depth analysis of the nucleic acid-binding properties of RDM1 using gel-shift assays and electron microscopy. We show that RDM1 possesses acidic pH-dependent DNA-binding activity and that it binds RNA as well as DNA, and we present evidence from competition gel-shift experiments that RDM1 may be capable of discrimination between the two nucleic acids. Based on reported studies of RAD52, we have generated an RDM1 variant mutated in its RD motif. We find that the L119GF --> AAA mutation affects the mode of RDM1 binding to single-stranded DNA.

Differential involvement of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors alpha and delta in fibrate and fatty-acid-mediated inductions of the gene encoding liver fatty-acid-binding protein in the liver and the small intestine.

Liver fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is a cytoplasmic polypeptide that binds with strong affinity especially to long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). It is highly expressed in both the liver and small intestine, where it is thought to have an essential role in the control of the cellular fatty acid (FA) flux. Because expression of the gene encoding L-FABP is increased by both fibrate hypolipidaemic drugs and LCFAs, it seems to be under the control of transcription factors, termed peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), activated by fibrate or FAs. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which these regulations take place remain to be fully substantiated. Using transfection assays, we found that the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, gamma and delta) are able to mediate the up-regulation by FAs of the gene encoding L-FABP in vitro. Through analysis of LCFA- and fibrate-mediated effects on L-FABP mRNA levels in wild-type and PPARalpha-null mice, we have found that PPARalpha in the intestine does not constitute a dominant regulator of L-FABP gene expression, in contrast with what is known in the liver. Only the PPARdelta/alpha agonist GW2433 is able to up-regulate the gene encoding L-FABP in the intestine of PPARalpha-null mice. These findings demonstrate that PPARdelta can act as a fibrate/FA-activated receptor in tissues in which it is highly expressed and that L-FABP is a PPARdelta target gene in the small intestine. We propose that PPARdelta contributes to metabolic adaptation of the small intestine to changes in the lipid content of the diet.