Evaluation of healing criteria for success after periapical surgery

Introduction: In periapical surgery, the absence of standardization between different studies makes it difficult to compare the outcomes. Objective: To compare the healing classification of different authors and evaluate the prognostic criteria of periapical surgery at 12 months. Material and methods: 278 patients (101 men and 177 women) with a mean age of 38.1 years (range 11 to 77) treated with periapical surgery using the ultrasound technique and a 2.6x magnifying glass, and silver amalgam as root-end filling material were included in the study. Evolution was analyzed using the clinical criteria of Mikkonen et al., 1983; radiographic criteria of Rud et al., 1972; the overall combined clinical and radiographic criteria of von Arx and Kurt, 1999; and the Friedman (2005) concept of functional tooth at 12 months of surgery. Results: After 12 months, 87.2% clinical success was obtained according to the Mikkonen et al., 1983 criteria; 73.9% complete radiographic healing using Rud et al. criteria; 62.1% overall success, following the clinical and radiographic parameters of von Arx and Kurt, and 91.9% of teeth were functional. The von Arx and Kurt criteria was found to be the most reliable. Conclusion: Overall evolution according to von Arx and Kurt agreed most closely with the other scales

Dr. Pedro Gómez de Almodóvar (1601-1667). Médico, matemático y astrónomo hellinense

En este artículo se presentan una serie de datos biográficos que dan luz sobre la vida del Dr. Pedro Gómez de Almodóvar, médico, matemático y astrónomo hellinense del siglo XVII. La revisión de libros sacramentales, así como el análisis de diversas escrituras notariales (testamentos, inventarios, ventas, etc.) aportan nuevos datos sobre este personaje descubierto por Francisco Mendoza y Luis-Guillermo García-Sauco hace ya 30 años cuando publicaron su interesante biblioteca.

Meta-analysis of the effects of MI training on clinicians' behavior.

MI-based interventions are widely used with a number of different clinical populations and their efficacy has been well established. However, the clinicians' training has not traditionally been the focus of empirical investigations. We conducted a meta-analytic review of clinicians' MI-training and MI-skills findings. Fifteen studies were included, involving 715 clinicians. Pre-post training effect sizes were calculated (13 studies) as well as group contrast effect sizes (7 studies). Pre-post training comparisons showed medium to large ES of MI training, which are maintained over a short period of time. When compared to a control group, our results also suggested higher MI proficiency in the professionals trained in MI than in nontrained ones (medium ES). However, this estimate of ES may be affected by a publication bias and therefore, should be considered with caution. Methodological limitations and potential sources of heterogeneity of the studies included in this meta-analysis are discussed.

The maximum voltage drop in an on-chip power distribution network: analysis of square, triangular and hexagonal power pad arrangements

A mathematical model of the voltage drop which arises in on-chip power distribution networks is used to compare the maximum voltage drop in the case of different geometric arrangements of the pads supplying power to the chip. These include the square or Manhattan power pad arrangement, which currently predominates, as well as equilateral triangular and hexagonal arrangements. In agreement with the findings in the literature and with physical and SPICE models, the equilateral triangular power pad arrangement is found to minimize the maximum voltage drop. This headline finding is a consequence of relatively simple formulas for the voltage drop, with explicit error bounds, which are established using complex analysis techniques, and elliptic functions in particular.

Bandlimited Lipschitz functions

We study the space of bandlimited Lipschitz functions in one variable. In particular we provide a geometrical description of interpolating and sampling sequences for this space. We also give a description of the trace of such functions to sequences of critical density in terms of a cancellation condition.

"Gómez Álvarez, Cristina: Navegar con libros. El comercio de libros entre España y Nueva España. Una visión cultural de la Independencia (1750-1820) (2011)". Anuario de Estudios Americanos, v. 70, n. 1 (2013), p. 355-359.

Este libro se ocupa del análisis del tráfico de libros entre Europa y Nueva España durante los años 1750-1820. Se trata de la primera síntesis sobre estos asuntos con la que contamos para este interesante periodo del trasvase cultural entre Europa y México.

Stable carbon isotopes in archaeobotanical remains and palaeoclimate

Es descriu una metodologia recent per a inferir la precipitació en el passat basada en l’anàlisi de la composició isotòpica del carboni (δ13C) en restes arqueobotàniques. Un cop descrita la base fisiològica de la tècnica, s’il·lustra l’aplicabilitat de δ13C mitjançant un exemple referent al NE peninsular. Hom pretén proporcionar una estimació quantitativa de l’evolució de la precipitació estacional (primavera) i anual al llarg dels darrers quatre mil anys basada en δ13C. Les mostres analitzades comprenen carbons (pi blanc) i llavors carbonitzades (blat i ordi), i s’obtenen estimes pluviomètriques superiors en el passat que actualment, amb una tendència gradual cap a condicions progressivament més àrides. No obstant això, aquesta tendència no esdevé uniforme, i es detecten dues fases de major precipitació (1800-900 aC; 300 aC - 300 dC) alternadament amb períodes relativament secs (900-300 aC; 900 dC - present). Dels resultats presentats també es desprèn que la importància relativa de la pluja primaveral en el passat fou variable. Des d’aproximadament el 300 aC en endavant, el període primaveral subministrà una major proporció de pluja anual que actualment. Contràriament, durant el període 1800-800 dC la seva contribució va esdevenir inferior, i va aparèixer una fase transitòria (800-300 aC) que mostra una recuperació sobtada en aportació primaveral. Posteriorment a aquesta fase la sincronia de canvis en δ13C en granes i carbons suggereix l’arribada del clima mediterrani a la regió.

El peritaje psicológico en los tribunales: imputabilidad y diagnóstico

Este trabajo és una recopilación de tres dimensiones del peritaje psicológico. La primera clarifica el concepto de peritaje y las funciones del perito ante los tribunales de justicia. La segunda, es sobre la valoración psicométrica de la personalidad, y la tercera trata de la victimologia y dentro de la misma, consideraciones en torno al estrés postraumático. Estas tres partes están interrelacionadas y su estudio es imprescindible para completar un buen peritaje.

Seedling development and biomass as affected by seed size and morphology in durum wheat

This work evaluated the effect of seed size and morphology on the development and biomass of durum wheat seedlings. Three different seed-grading sizes selected by sieving were used in glasshouse experiments, and a set of three developmental and 23 biomass-related indices were measured on eight genotypes, at two moisture levels. The influence of seed size on seedling development was studied at high and low temperatures (22\12 mC, and 15\5 mC day\night temperatures, respectively), in growth chambers. The area of the seed and the area of the embryo were the seed morphological traits most affected by seed size. Seed size was strongly associated with seedling development and seedling biomass until the complete extension of the first two leaves, at the fourth leaf stage. The rate of first-leaf growth and the area of the first leaf were the developmental and biomass traits, respectively, most sensitive to seed-grading size.

Grain yield, carbon isotope discrimination and mineral content in mature kernels of barley under irrigated and rainfed conditions

The relationship between yield, carbon isotope discrimination and ash content in mature kernels was examined for a set of 13 barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars. Plants were grown under rainfed and well-irrigated conditions in a Mediterranean area. Water deficit caused a decrease in both grain yield and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ). The yield was positively related to Δ and negatively related to ash content, across genotypes within each treatment. However, whereas the correlation between yield and Δ was higher for the set of genotypes under well-irrigated (r=0.70, P<0.01) than under rainfed (r=0.42) conditions, the opposite occurred when yield and ash content were related, ie r=-0.38 under well-irrigated and r=-0.73, (P<0.01) under rainfed conditions. Carbon isotope discrimination and ash content together account for almost 60% of the variation in yield, in both conditions. There was no significant relationship (r=-0.15) between carbon isotope discrimination and ash content in well-irrigated plants, whereas in rainfed plants, this relationship, although significant (r=-0.54, P< 0.05), was weakly negative. The concentration of several mineral elements was measured in the same kernels. The mineral that correlated best with ash content, yield and A, was K. For yield and Δ, although the relationship with K followed the same pattern as the relationhip with ash content, the correlation coefficients were lower. Thus, mineral accumulation in mature kernels seems to be independent of transpiration efficiency. In fact, filling of grains takes place through the phloem pathway. The ash content in kernels is proposed as a complementary criterion, in addition to kernel Δ, to assess genotype differences in barley grain yield under rainfed conditions.

Maturity indexes for 'Kumagai' and 'Paluma' guavas

Harvest time is one of the main factors related to guava fruit postharvest losses. It is subjectively determined by fruit size and skin color, without any consensual standardization among the growers. The use of maturity indexes enables growers to know the ideal harvest time according to each market situation. The objective of this work was to determine the maturity indexes to identify the harvest time for guava fruit cv. Kumagai and Paluma. Skin color, fruit firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio and ascorbic acid were analyzed. The most adequate maturity indexes for 'Kumagai' guava fruit were skin color and pulp firmness, while for 'Paluma' guava fruit, the best indexes were skin color, pulp firmness, titratable acidity and ratio.

Isótopos estables aplicados al estudio de los sistemas paleoagrícolas mediterráneos

El origen y progresivo desarrollo de la agricultura es probablemente el primer ejemplo de interacción recíproca a gran escala entre la humanidad y el medio ambiente. Por tanto, reconstruir las condiciones ambientales que caracterizaron la adopción de la agricultura es de gran interés de cara a conocer sus causas potenciales, así como para comprender los efectos a largo plazo de la economía agrícola sobre el ambiente. En este trabajo presentamos la metodología desarrollada por nuestro equipo para reconstruir las condiciones climáticas y de cultivo en la agricultura primitiva, basada en el análisis de la composición isotópica de carbono (enriquecimiento en 13C) y nitrógeno (enriquecimiento en 15N) en restos vegetales recuperados de yacimientos arqueológicos. El análisis de 13C en cariópsides de cereales carbonizadas ha permitido cuantificar la disponibilidad hídrica de los cultivos en diversos yacimientos de la Península Ibérica y el Creciente Fértil, así como estimar su rendimiento en el pasado, mientras que el análisis de 15N, nos aporta información cualitativa sobre las condiciones nutricionales. Por otro lado, el análisis de 13C en restos forestales (carbones) ha permitido cuantificar las condiciones climáticas (precipitación y déficit hídrico) en los mismos yacimientos, aportando así información sobre el marco climático en el que se desarrollaron los cultivos.

Clima i condicions de conreu en els orígens de l'agricultura mediterrània: evidències a partir de la composició isotòpica del carboni en restes arqueobotàniques

Este trabajo ilustra cómo el análisis de la composición isotópica del carbono en restos arqueobotánicos aporta información sobre las condiciones climáticas y de cultivo en el pasado. Tras una introducción metodológica, se presentan distintos ejemplos que utilizan semillas carbonizadas (trigo y cebada) y/o carbones de especies forestales (pino carrasco, encina, etc.), ambos tipos de restos recuperados en yacimientos de la cuenca mediterránea. Mientras la composición isotópica en cereales proporciona inferencias sobre la disponibilidad hídrica de los cultivos, el análisis de carbones ayuda a cuantificar la precipitación. La combinación de ambas fuentes permite hipotetizar sobre la implementación de prácticas agronómicas específicas encaminadas a incrementar la disponibilidad hídrica de los cultivos en el pasado.

Vigor, produtividade e qualidade de frutos de quatro tangerineiras e híbridos sobre quatro porta-enxertos

Avaliaram-se o desenvolvimento vegetativo, a produção e a qualidade de frutos das cultivares-copa 'Swatow' (Citrus reticulata Blanco), 'Ellendale' [C. reticulata x C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], 'Fortune' (C. clementina hort. ex Tanaka x C. tangerina hort. ex Tanaka) e 'Nova' [C. clementina x (C. paradisi Macfad. x C. reticulata)] sobre limoeiro 'Cravo' (C. limonia Osbeck), citrumeleiro 'Swingle' (C. paradisi x P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.), tangelereiro 'Orlando' (C. reticulata x C. paradisi) e tangerineira 'Cleópatra' (C. reshni hort. ex Tanaka), de 2000 a 2006. O experimento foi instalado em Bebedouro-SP, em outubro de 1997. As variáveis analisadas foram: produção anual e produção acumulada de todas as cultivares para todos os anos (2000 a 2006), qualidade de frutos em 2005 e 2006 (massa, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total, ratio), volume da copa, diâmetro do tronco da copa, eficiência de produção (Kg frutos/m³ copa) e índice de alternância de produção. A produção acumulada e a qualidade de frutos das cultivares testadas não foram influenciadas pelos porta-enxertos. O citrumelo 'Swingle' induziu menor porte às plantas das cultivares-copa. O tangelo 'Nova' apresentou características adequadas à comercialização in natura. A tangerineira 'Swatow' produziu frutos de qualidade semelhante aos de tangerineira 'Ponkan'. O tangor 'Ellendale' e a tangerineira 'Fortune' apresentaram produção de frutos baixa e irregular.

Atividade respiratória e produção de etileno em laranja ‘Pêra’ submetida a níveis de processamento mínimo e temperaturas de armazenamento

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de processamento e temperaturas de armazenamento na atividade respiratória e na produção de etileno de laranja 'Pêra' minimamente processada. O experimento foi realizado em duas etapas. Na primeira, as laranjas lavadas, sanificadas e resfriadas foram submetidas aos processamentos: a) segmentos; b) inteiras sem albedo; c) inteiras com albedo; d) intactas (controle). As laranjas minimamente processadas foram armazenadas a 6ºC. Na segunda etapa, as laranjas sem albedo foram armazenadas a 1; 11; 21 e 31ºC. A atividade respiratória e a produção de etileno eram determinadas imediatamente após o processamento; a cada hora, durante 10 horas, e a cada 24 horas, durante sete dias. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições por tratamento. O processamento interferiu na atividade respiratória, que foi maior imediatamente após o descascamento e a separação dos segmentos. O processamento das laranjas na forma inteira, com ou sem albedo, afetou a atividade respiratória das mesmas somente nas primeiras horas após o processamento. Durante todo período de armazenamento, a atividade respiratória das laranjas a 1º e 11ºC não diferiu entre si, sendo inferior à das laranjas a 21º e 31ºC. O etileno foi detectado apenas nos frutos mantidos a 21º e 31ºC. Os quocientes de temperatura, após a estabilização, eram 1,73 para 1-11ºC, 2,11 para 11-21ºC, e 1,54 para 21-31ºC. A atividade respiratória das laranjas foi influenciada pelos níveis de processamento e pela temperatura de armazenamento.