Storage media for avulsed teeth: a literature review

Dental avulsion is the most severe type of traumatic tooth injuries because it causes damageto several structures and results in the complete displacement of the tooth from its socketin the alveolar bone. The ideal situation is to replant an exarticulated tooth immediatelyafter avulsion because the extraoral time is a determinant factor for treatment successand for a good prognosis. However, it is not always possible. The success of replantationdepends on a number of factors that may contribute to accelerate or minimize theoccurrence of root resorption or ankylosis, among which is the type and characteristicsof the medium used for temporary storage during the time elapsed between avulsionand replantation. Maintaining the tooth in an adequate wet medium that can preserve,as longer as possible, the vitality of the periodontal ligament cells that remain on rootsurface is the key to success of replantation. Recent research has led to the developmentof storage media that produce conditions that closely resemble the original socketenvironment, with adequate osmolality (cell pressure), pH, nutritional metabolites andglucose, and thus create the best possible conditions for storage. Although these storagemedia can now be purchased in the form of retail products, the most common scenariois that such a product will not be readily available at the moment of the accident Thispaper reviews the literature on the different storage media that have been investigatedfor avulsed teeth based on full-length papers retrieved from PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, BBOand SciELO electronic databases using the key words storage medium , transportationmedium , avulsion , tooth avulsion , replantation , tooth replantation , milk and propolis .After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 39 papers were selected and criticallyreviewed with respect to the characteristics, efficacy and ease of access of the storagemedium. The review of the lite

Histological analysis of healing process after rat teeth replantation maintained in Resveratrol dissolved in dimethyl sufoxide (DMSO)

Tissue repair after replantation of avulsed teeth is directly related to the extent of damage to the cells of the periodontal ligament. Thus, immediate replantation is the treatment of choice for avulsed permanent teeth. To achieve more favorable prognostics, adequate storage media must be used to preserve periodontal ligament cells. A series of storage media are studied and show good results, such as saliva, milk, Hank's balanced solution (HBSS) and ViaSpan. However, recent studies were performed using news and promising storage media. Resveratrol has been extensively studied because of its antioxidant properties and its ability to prolong life of many organisms from yeast to mammals. One of its limitations is its poor solubility in aqueous vehicles. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the healing repair process after replantation of teeth of rats kept in Resveratrol using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a vehicle. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Research with Animals, of the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Were used 40 male rats, under general anesthesia upper right incisor were extracted and replanted. Treatments were done, dividing in four groups, of 10 animals each. In group I, the teeth were be extracted and immediately replanted into their sockets of origin (positive control). In group II, the teeth were immersed in 50 mL of resveratrol in DMSO (0.0512 g / ml) for 60 minutes. In group III teeth were kept for 60 minutes in 50 ml of DMSO. In group IV, the teeth were kept in dry for the same period (negative control). Then the teeth of animals in Groups II, III and IV were replanted in their sockets. Systemic antibiotics were administrated in all groups, and 60 days post-operative the animals were euthanized. The specimens were processed and stained in HE for histomorphological analysis. The results showed that resveratrol as storage media, was not able to improve the rep

Utilização da modelagem sistêmica para analisar o efeito da variação climática no parâmetro produtividade da água na laranja Natal (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) no Estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Estudo da proliferação, migração e diferenciação dos precursores neurais do sistema nervoso pós-natal de camundongos (Mus musculus)

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Promoção da caminhada no lazer e alimentação saudável na atenção pré-natal: estudo de intervenção controlado

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo da proliferação, migração e diferenciação dos precursores neurais do sistema nervoso pós-natal de camundongos (Mus musculus)

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Promoção da caminhada no lazer e alimentação saudável na atenção pré-natal: estudo de intervenção controlado

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Clinical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Different Bleaching Therapies in Vital Teeth

The aims of this in vivo study were to compare the effectiveness and color stability of at-home and in-office bleaching techniques and to evaluate whether the use of light sources can alter bleaching results. According to preestablished criteria, 40 patients were selected and randomly divided into four groups according to bleaching treatment: (1) at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide, (2) in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) without a light source, (3) in-office bleaching with 35% HP with quartz-tungsten-halogen light, and (4) in-office bleaching with 35% HP with a light-emitting diode/laser. Tooth shade was evaluated using the VITA Classical Shade Guide before bleaching as well as after the first and third weeks of bleaching. Tooth shade was evaluated again using the same guide 1 and 6 months after the completion of treatment. The shade guide was arranged to yield scores that were used for statistical comparison. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant differences among the groups for any time point (P > .01). There was no color rebound in any of the groups. The bleaching techniques tested were equally effective. Light sources are unnecessary to bleach teeth. (Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012;32:303-309.)

Radiographic and Laser Fluorescence Methods Have No Benefits for Detecting Caries in Primary Teeth

Clinical guidelines advise that dentists take radiographs in children to detect caries lesions missed by visual inspection; however, due to the current low caries prevalence in most countries, we hypothesized that the adjunct methods of caries detection would not significantly improve the detection of primary molar lesions in comparison to visual inspection alone. We evaluated the performance of visual inspection, alone or in combination with radiographic and laser fluorescence pen (LFpen) methods, in detecting occlusal and approximal caries lesions in primary molars. Two examiners evaluated children who had sought dental treatment with these diagnostic strategies. The reference standard involved the temporary separation of approximal and operative interventions for occlusal surfaces. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and utility of diagnostic strategies were calculated. Simultaneous combined strategies increased sensitivities but decreased specificities. Furthermore, no differences were observed in accuracy and utility, parameters more influenced by caries prevalence. In conclusion, adjunct radiographic and laser fluorescence methods offer no benefits to the detection of caries in primary teeth in comparison to visual inspection alone; hence, present clinical guidelines should be re-evaluated. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel

Influence of effective number of pulses on the morphological structure of teeth and bovine femur after femtosecond laser ablation

Femtosecond lasers have been widely used in laser surgery as an instrument for contact-free tissue removal of hard dental, restorative materials, and osseous tissues, complementing conventional drilling or cutting tools. In order to obtain a laser system that provides an ablation efficiency comparable to mechanical instruments, the laser pulse rate must be maximal without causing thermal damage. The aim of this study was to compare the different morphological characteristics of the hard tissue after exposure to lasers operating in the femtosecond pulse regime. Two different kinds of samples were irradiated: dentin from human extracted teeth and bovine femur samples. Different procedures were applied, while paying special care to preserving the structures. The incubation factor S was calculated to be 0.788 +/- 0.004 for the bovine femur bone. These results indicate that the incubation effect is still substantial during the femtosecond laser ablation of hard tissues. The plasma-induced ablation has reduced side effects, i.e., we observe less thermal and mechanical damage when using a superficial femtosecond laser irradiation close to the threshold conditions. In the femtosecond regime, the morphology characteristics of the cavity were strongly influenced by the change of the effective number of pulses. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.17.4.048001]

Effect of different restorative procedures on the fracture resistance of teeth submitted to internal bleaching

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different restorative procedures on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth submitted to intracoronal bleaching. Fifty upper central incisors were distributed into 5 groups: GI - healthy teeth; GII - endodontically treated teeth sealed with Coltosol; GIII - endodontically treated teeth bleached and sealed with Coltosol; GIV - endodontically treated teeth bleached and restored with composite resin; and GV - endodontically treated teeth bleached and restored with a fiberglass post and composite resin. In the bleached specimens, a cervical seal was made prior to bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide. The gel was applied on the buccal surface and in the pulp chamber, and was then light-activated for 45 s. This procedure was repeated three times per session for four sessions, and each group was submitted to the restorative procedures described above. The specimens were submitted to fracture resistance testing in a universal testing machine. There were statistically significant differences among the groups (p < 0.05). The mean value found for GIII was the lowest (0.32 kN) and was significantly different from the values found for GI (0.75 kN), GII (0.67 kN), GIV (0.70 kN), and GV (0.72 kN), which were not significantly different from each other (p > 0.05). The restorative procedures using composite resin were found to successfully restore the fracture resistance of endodontically treated and bleached teeth.

The influence of interdental spacing on the detection of proximal caries lesions in primary teeth

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of interdental spacing on the performance of proximal caries detection methods in primary molars. In addition, aspects related to temporary tooth separation with orthodontic separators were evaluated. The proximal spaces between the posterior primary teeth (n = 344) of 76 children (4-12 years old) were evaluated before and after temporary separation. Stainless steel strips with different standardized thicknesses were used to measure the presence of biological spacing and the spacing obtained after temporary separation with orthodontic rubber rings. First, the presence of proximal caries lesions was assessed by visual inspection, bitewing radiographs and a pen-type laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent pen). Visual inspection after temporary separation with separators was the reference standard method in checking the actual presence of caries. Multilevel analyses were performed considering different outcomes: the performance of the methods in detecting caries lesions and the spacing after temporary separation. The spacing did not influence the performance of the caries detection methods. The maximum spacing obtained with temporary tooth separation was 0.80 mm (mean +/- standard deviation = 0.46 +/- 0.13 mm). The temporary separation was more effective in the upper arch and less effective when an initial biological interdental spacing was present. The biological interdental spacing does not influence the performance of proximal caries detection methods in primary molars, and temporary tooth separation provides spacing narrower than 1.0 mm.

Role of teeth adjacent to implants installed immediately into extraction sockets: an experimental study in the dog

Aim: To evaluate the influence of the presence of both adjacent teeth on the level of alveolar bony crest at sites where implants were installed into the socket immediately after tooth extraction. Material and methods: Six Labrador dogs were used. Extractions of all teeth from the second premolar to the first molar were performed in the right side of the mandible, after full-thickness flap elevation. In the left side of the mandible, an endodontic treatment of the mesial root of the third and fourth premolars was performed. Full-thickness flaps were elevated, the teeth hemisected, and the distal roots removed. Immediately after, implants were bilaterally installed with the margin flush to the buccal bony crest. The implants were placed in the center of the alveolus at the third premolars and toward the lingual bony plate of the alveolus at the fourth premolars. After 3 months of healing, the animals were euthanized. Results: All implants were integrated in mature bone. More bone resorption was observed at the test compared to the control sites. At the buccal aspect, a resorption of 2.8 +/- 0.5 and 1.6 +/- 0.4 mm at the third premolars and of 2.4 +/- 0.6 and 0.8 +/- 0.7 mm at the fourth premolars were found, at the test and control sites, respectively. At the lingual aspect, the bony crest was apically located in relation to the implant shoulder 1.5 +/- 0.3 and 0.5 +/- 0.5 mm at the third premolars and 1.6 +/- 0.6 and 0.3 +/- 1.1 mm at the fourth premolars, at the test and control sites, respectively. A lower buccal bone resorption was found at the control implants placed lingually. Conclusion: Multiple extractions of teeth adjacent to a socket into which implants were installed immediately after, tooth extraction induced more alveolar bone recession compared to sites where the adjacent teeth were preserved. Moreover, an implant placed more lingually yielded less recession of the buccal aspect of the implant.

Capsule Locus Polymorphism among Distinct Lineages of Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Canals of Root-filled Teeth with Periapical Lesions

Introduction: Although Enterococcus faecalis is a member of the normal microbiota, it is also a major cause of nosocomial infections. Some strains of E. faecalis produce capsule, which contributes to pathogenesis through evasion of host defenses, and its production is dependent on the capsule (cps) operon polymorphism. This study investigated cps locus polymorphism in distinct lineages of E. faecalis isolated from canals of root-filled teeth with periapical lesions. Methods: Twenty-two E. faecalis isolates were evaluated regarding the cps operon polymorphism and genetic diversity. The 3 known CPS types were determined by polymerase chain reaction. This information was correlated with multilocus sequence typing data, which were used to define genetic lineages. Results: cpsA and cpsB were the only detected genes within the cps operon in 62.5% of E. faecalis strains (14/22), indicative of genotype CPS 1, which lacks capsule expression. The essential genes in the cps operon for capsule production were detected in the remaining strains, whereas 3 belonged to genotype CPS 5 and 5 strains to genotype CPS 2. A total of 14 sequence types (STs) were resolved in 22 E. faecalis isolates. Comparison with the E. faecalis international multilocus sequence typing database revealed that 9 STs were previously found, and that the 5 STs were novel. Conclusions: Certain E. faecalis genotypes from canals of root-filled teeth with periapical lesions belong to lineages associated with capsule expression and production of multiple virulence factors, which might account for their increased pathogenic potential. (J Endod 2012;38:58-61)

Macroscopic description of teeth of Azara's agouti (Dasyprocta azarae)

Oliveira F.S., Martins L.L., Canola J.C., Oliveira P.T., Pecora J.D. & Pauloni A.P. 2012. Macroscopic description of teeth of Azara's agouti (Dasyprocta azarae). Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 32(1):93-95. Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Campus Umuarama, Cx. Postal 65, Umuarama, PR 87501-970, Brazil. E-mail: singaretti@ig.com.br The teeth of Azara's agouti (Dasyprocta azarae) were described macroscopically in order to provide biological data on one of the largest wild rodents of the Americas. Radiography was taken on six heads and the teeth were described. Enamel surrounds the coronal dentin, projects to the roots and is present as parallel inner laminae in buccolingual direction. The dentin is located among the enamel laminae and surrounds the pulp horns. The cementum is located internally to the enamel laminae. On the lingual surface, the cementum and dentin are the outer elements.