Hādhā kitāb Tuḥfat al-mulūk : manuscript, 1658

A short treatise on Ḥanafī fiqh.

Kitāb Fatḥ al-fayyāḍ fī ʻilm al-farāʼiḍ : manuscript, 1911

Title translation : The Endowment of the Generous [i.e. God] regarding the Science of Inheritance.

(Table 1) Mineralogy of DSDP Leg 65 sediments

During Leg 65, four sites were drilled near the mouth of the Gulf of California where high sedimentation rates made it possible to sample young oceanic crust near the ridge crest. The oldest sediments cored were upper Pliocene siltstones (Site 483); the samples at the other sites (482, 484, and 485) were all Quaternary in age. A series of 80 sediment samples, most of them hemipelagic clays, were examined by semiquantitative X-ray diffraction and Carbonate Bomb techniques to determine their mineralogy and carbonate contents. The results of this study may be used to determine their provenance and diagenesis.

Data compilation of ESOP

The work in this sub-project of ESOP focuses on the advective and convective transforma-tion of water masses in the Greenland Sea and its neighbouring areas. It includes observational work on the sub-mesoscale and analysis of hydrographic data up to the gyre-scale. Observations of active convective plumes were made with a towed chain equipped with up to 80 CTD sensors, giving a horizontal and vertical resolution of the hydrographic fields of a few metres. The observed scales of the penetrative convective plumes compare well with those given by theory. On the mesoscale the structure of homogeneous eddies formed as a result of deep convection was observed and the associated mixing and renewal of the intermediate layers quantified. The relative importance and efficiency of thermal and haline penetrative convection in relation to the surface boundary conditions (heat and salt fluxes and ice cover) and the ambient stratification are studied using the multi year time series of hydro-graphic data in the central Greenland Sea. The modification of the water column of the Greenland Sea gyre through advection from and mixing with water at its rim is assessed on longer time scales. The relative contributions are quantified using modern water mass analysis methods based on inverse techniques. Likewise the convective renewal and the spreading of the Arctic Intermediate Water from its formation area is quantified. The aim is to budget the heat and salt content of the water column, in particular of the low salinity surface layer, and to relate its seasonal and interannual variability to the lateral fluxes and the fluxes at the air-sea-ice interface. This will allow to estimate residence times for the different layers of the Greenland Sea gyre, a quantity important for the description of the Polar Ocean carbon cycle.