977 resultados para Metodos do gradiente conjugado
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The aim of this work is to study some of the density estimation tec- niques and to apply to the segmentation of medical images. Medical images are used to help the diagnostic of tumor diseases as well as to plan and deliver treatment. A computer image is an array of values representing colors in some scale. The smallest element of the image to which it is possible to assign a value is called pixel. Segmen- tation is the process of dividing the image in portions through the classi¯cation of each pixel. The simplest way of classi¯cation is by thresholding, given the number of portions and the threshold values. Another method is constructing a histogram of the pixel values and assign a portion to each pike. The threshold is the mean between two pikes. As the histogram does not form a smooth curve it is di±cult to discern between true pikes and random variation. Density estimation methods allow the estimation of a smooth curve. Image data can be considered as mixture of different densities. In this project parametric and nonparametric methods for density estimation will be addressed and some of them are applied to CT image data
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This work deals with the sequencing of Multi-Mixed-Model Assembly Lines in a lean manufacturing environment, where an operational structure where several kanbans support several mixed-model assembly lines, so that all assembly lines can receive parts or sub-assemblies from all suppliers. To optimize this system, the sequencing seeks to minimize the distance between the real consumption and the constant ideal consumption of parts or subassemblies, thereby reducing the scaling of kanbans and intermediate stocks. To solve the sequencing problems, the method Clustering Search was applied along with the metaheuristics Variable Neighborhood Search, Simulation Annealing and Iterative Local Search. Instances from the literature and generated instances were tested, thus allowing comparing the methods to each other and with other methods presented in the literature. The performance of the Clustering Search with Iterated Local Search stands out by the quality and robustness of their solutions, and mainly for its efficiency, whereas it converges to better results at a lower computational cost
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In modern days is not practicable to link productivity and profitability without discuss the manufactured products quality. It is of great importance, mainly if the company is looking for a Global Class title, both the product and the process in what it is been fabricated, to attend all the high level quality requirements. This work aims to define the necessary steps for implementing a new project, including the initial viability studies, and then the staff approval, passing through the development of tools and documents necessary to its fabrication, purchasing goods and services to build the installation, and the final stage of implementation, focused on the manufacturing process quality. It will be highlighted a quality tool that helps do decrease the process risks and thereafter increase its reliability after the implementation
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Over the years is a significant number of researchers consider constructivism as a methodology above the rest and that can be applied to any educational context, and is therefore the ideal methodology in the present moment. However, as opposed to this idea, there is a growing body of research that consider the methodological pluralism how best to teach in class, precisely because it is not just one, but several methodological practices which vary according to the educational needs of students. This exhibit features four lessons presented to students of 6th and 8th grade of elementary school II, two lessons using experimental activities, a lesson using Demo activity and a lesson using texts textbooks. In all four lessons there was a collection of data on students' understanding about the physical concepts covered by each of the above four lessons either through questionnaires, video recording, and more. Based on Vygotsky's theory of social interaction and constructs Wertsch (1984), this article raises important discussions about the advantages and disadvantages of these three methodologies within the pluralistic proposal
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC
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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)